Post on 06-Mar-2016
description
,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 1
2 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 3
ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; nfsutk;
,yq;ifapd; ,isQu; r%fk; rk;ge;jkhf vd;dplj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ vy;iyapy;yh ek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,g;
g+kpapd; epiyaw;wJk; ghJfhg;gw;wJkhd jd;ikapid Kw;whf ePf;Ftjw;F vd;id Jhz;baikAk;
Cf;f%l;baikAk; mt; nfsukpf;f ek;gpf;ifahFk;.
GJAf ,dkhf ,yq;ifj; Njrj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf vq;fsplKs;s Kd;ddp MAjk; Mf;fg+u;tkhd
vkJ ,sk; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gij $Wtjpy; ngUkpjk; milAk; ehd; ,yq;ifapd; ,sk; rKjhaj;jpd;
mu;g;gzpg;G, jplrq;fw;gk;, gu];guj;Jldhd cyfshtpa Fzhk;rq;fs; njhlu;ghdnjhU nfsutj;jpid
toq;FkhW KO cyfj;jpduplKk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
mjhtJ¸ ,t; tuyhw;W rpwg;Gkpf;f g+kpapy; jq;fSila jdpj;Jtj;jpid Nfhup gy jrhg;jq;fshf
gy;NtW topfspy; gazpj;j ,yq;ifapd; gps;isfSf;F Njrpa ,isQu; nfhs;if vd;w epue;ju
epiyahd gaz topapid ,d;W guprspg;gJ vy;iyaw;w md;GlNdahFk;. vjpu;fhyk; gw;wpa jplkhd
ek;gpf;ifapyhFk;.
k`pe;j uh[gf;\
[dhjpgjp
,yq;if rdehaf Nrhrypr FbauR
2014.02.14.
,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH
nfhs;if,isQu; mYty;fs; kw;Wk; jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;R
4 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 5
Kd;Diuvii
mj;jpahak; 1
mwpKfk
1.1 gpd;dzpAk; epaha tpsf;fKk;
1.2 nfhs;if cUthf;f nray;Kiw
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mj;jpahak; 2Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;iff;F mbg;gilahd Nfhl;ghLfSk;
tpOkpaq;fSk5
mj;jpahak; 3 njhiyNehf;F> ,yf;F kw;Wk; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs 7
mj;jpahak; 4 ,isQu; Atjpfspd; R+o;epiy
4.1 tiutpyf;fzk;
4.2 Fbapay; guk;gy; #o;epiy
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4.3 fy;tpAk; gapw;rpAk; 12
4.4 ,isQH Atjpfspd; Ntiytha;g;Gk; Ntiyapd;ikAk 12
4.5 r%f Gwe;js;SifAk; epahag;gLj;JjYk 12
4.6 MNuhf;fpaKk; ey;tho;Tk;; 13
mj;jpahak; 5Kd;Dhpik ,yf;Ff; FOf;fs
5.1 Ntiyaw;w ,isQHfs
5.2 Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fisr; NrHe;j ,isQH
Atjpfs;
5.3 Gwe;js;Sif> ghugl;rk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fSf;F
cs;shfpa ,isQH Atjpfs;;
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5.4 gy;NtW fy;tp kl;lq;fspYs;s ,isQH Atjpfs 16
5.5 Atjpfs;; 16
5.6 fpuhkpa ,isQHfSk; AtjpfSk; 16
5.7 Fiwe;j tUkhdk; nfhz;l efHg;Gw ,isQH Atjpfs 16
5.8 rl;lj;Jld; Kuz;gLk; ,isQH Atjpfs 16
5.9 ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw ,isQH Atjpfs 16
5.10 khw;Wj;jpwd; nfhz;l ,isQH>Atjpfs 16
nghUslf;fk;
ii
mj;jpahak; 6 Kf;fpa cj;jp tplag;gug;Gfs;> nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs
6.1 fy;tp 6.2 jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jpAk; tho;f;ifj; njhopw;gapw;rpAk; 6.3 ,isQH Ntiytha;g;G
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6.4 FbapaYk;> FbAhpikAk; 21
6.5 ,isQH gzpj;;JiwapDs; thz;ikj;Jtj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jjy
22
6.6 RfhjhuKk;> ey;tho;Tk 22
6.7 r%f hPjpapy; Gwe;js;SifAk; ghugl;rKk 23
6.8 rkhjhdKk; ey;ypzf;fKk 23
6.9 fiy> tpisahl;L> nghOJg;Nghf;F kw;Wk; fspahl;l
nraw;ghLfs
24
mj;jpahak; 7 epWtdr; rl;lfk;> fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; kPsha;T Kiwik
7.1 epWtdr; rl;lfk
7.2 ,isQH mgptpUj;jpf;fhd [dhjpgjp Mizf;FO
7.3 ,isQH xk;Gl;];kd272728
7.4 Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy 28
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6 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 7
,yq;if jdJ Rje;jpuj;Jf;Fg; gpe;jpa tuyhw;wpy; xU
Kf;fpa jpUg;G Kidahd jUzj;jpy; cs;sJ. Kg;gJ
tUlfhyj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf ehl;il mr;RWj;jpa Aj;jk; 2009
,y; KbTf;F te;jJ. mjd; gpd;dH %d;W tUlq;fs; fle;j
epiyapy;> xU r%fnkd;w tifapy; vkJ jw;Nghija epiy
Fwpj;Jr; rpe;jpg;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. rptpy; Aj;jj;jpd; KbT
cUthf;fpa ey;ypzf;;fk;> r%f ePjp kw;Wk; rkhjhdj;Jf;fhd
tha;g;Gfis ,yq;if gad;gLj;jpAs;sjh? jkJ tho;tpd;
kpfTk; jPHkhdfukhd> ek;gpf;if epiwe;j fhyg;gFjp
nfh^ukhd Kiwapy; rPHFiye;jikahy; ,yq;ifapd;
rfy gpuhe;jpaq;fisAk; NrHe;j ,isQH> AtjpfNs
mjp$ba tpiyia nrYj;jpdH. xU Njrnkd;w tifapy;
,e;j ,isQH Atjpfs; vjpHNehf;Fk; rthy;fis ehk;
vt;thW vjpu;nfhz;Ls;Nshk;? vjpHfhyj; jiyKiwapdHf-
shd ,isQH Atjpfs; ,Njtpjkhfg; ghjpg;GwhkypUg;gij
cWjpnra;tjw;F ehk; vd;d nra;Js;Nshk;?
xU Njrnkd;wtifapy; ehk; r%f ePjp> [dehaf
tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp rk;ge;jkhd gy jPHkh-
dfukhd xOf;fnewprhH kw;Wk; murpay; gpur;rpidfis
vjpHnfhs;Sfpd;Nwhk;. ,it ,isQH. Atjpfis kpfg;
ghuJ}ukhfg; ghjpf;Fk; tptfhuq;fshFk;. ,isQH Atjpfs;
,e;j tptfhuq;fspy; NghjpasT mf;fiw fhz;gpg;gij ehk;
vt;thW cWjpnra;tJ? ,isQH> Atjpfs; r%fhPjpapy;
tpkHrdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mNjNtisapy;> r%fhPjpapy;
nghWg;Gkpf;ftHfshf ele;Jnfhs;Sk; tifapy; ehk;
mtHfSf;F czHT+l;LtJ vt;thW? Fbapay; czHit
mtHfs; kj;jpapy; cUthf;FtJ vt;thW? ,isQH> Atjpfs;
jkJ G+uz khdpl rhj;jpa tsq;fis <l;bf;nfhs;tjw;F ehk;
vt;thW cjTtJ?
ehk; ,isQHfsplk; ,e;j tpdhf;fis vOg;GtJ NghyNt>
,isQHfs; ,d;W thOk; r%f-murpay; fyhrhu kw;Wk;
nghUshjhur; #oikTfs;> epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Kiwik-
fis Ma;Tnra;Ak; tifapyhd Nfs;tpfis vkf;fpilNa
vOg;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j KiwikfSk;> nray;KiwfSk;
,isQHfSf;F vijg; Nghjpf;fpd;wd? ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F
ehk; toq;Fk; Kd;khjphpahd tfpgq;F tiffs; vit
kw;Wk; r%fj;jpy; ,d;W xOf;ftpay; kw;Wk; r%fhPjpapy;
nghWg;GzHTkpf;f tho;f;ifg;gzpfSf;F epyTk; tha;g;Gfs;
vit vd;gij ehk; ghprPypf;fNtz;Lk;. xt;nthU re;jjpf;Fk;
vjpHfhy re;jjpfSf;Fk; tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; Mw;wY}l;Lk; XH
mbg;gilahd nghWg;G cs;sJ. ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F mjp-
fhu tYT+l;Ltjw;F ehk; vd;d nra;Js;Nshk; vd;W vk;ik
ehNk Nfl;Lf;nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;.
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if jdJ Kjdpiy xOq;fikg;Gf;
Nfhl;ghlhf> xU re;jjpapypUe;J NtnwhU re;jjpf;Ff;
ifaspf;ff;$ba kdpjhgpkhd xOf;ftpay; kw;Wk;
tpOkpaq;fspd; cs;sikTj; njhFjpnahd;wpdhy;
topfhl;lg;gLtij ehb epw;fpd;wJ. mJ ntWkNd “,isQH
gpur;rpidfSf;F” my;yJ “,isQH Atjpfshy; vOk;
gpur;rpidfSf;F” jPHT fhz;gijtpLj;J> r%fj;jpd;NkYk;
gue;j rthy;fSf;F jPHTfisf; fhZk; tifapy; ,isQH
AtjpfSf;F vt;thW tYT+l;LtJ vd;Dk; tplaj;jpy;
MHtq;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,f;nfhs;if ,isQH>Atjpfs;
xUtUf;nfhUtH czHjpwidf; fhz;gpg;gijAk;>
gy;tifikiag; nghpjhf kjpj;Jf; nfhz;lhLtijAk;>
khw;Wf; fUj;JfSf;F khpahij nra;tijAk;> jkf;nfd
caHthd Fwpf;Nfhs;fis tFj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; mNjNti-
sapy; mtw;iw xU r%fg; gpuf;iQapdhy; kpjepiyapy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;tijAk; Ntz;bepw;fpd;wJ.
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ntWkNd milahsr;rpd;dq;fs;
vd;w tifapyd;wp> ,e;j ehl;bd; ,isQH AtjpfSf;F
jpl;ltl;lkhd eltbf;iffs; %yk; Mw;wiyAk;> mjpfhu
tYitAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; ,isQHfspd; rhj;jpa
tsq;fSf;F mq;fPfhuKk;> kjpg;GepiyAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.
mJ r%f hPjpapy; nghWg;GzHTk;> xOf;fnewpAzHTk;> mur-
pay; tpopg;GzHTk; ngw;w ,isQH> Atjpfs; ,y;yhky;
xU ePjpAk;> rkhjhdKk; epiwe;j r%fj;Jf;fhd Njrj;jpd;
Njitiag;g; G+Hj;jpnra;aKbahJ vd;gij mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ.
Kd;Diu
vii
8 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 1
1.1 gpd;dzpAk; epaha tpsf;fKk;
fle;j 30 tUl fhyg;gFjpapy; vkJ r%fk; rpwe;j
nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffspd; tpisthf gy khw;wq;fisr;
re;jpj;Js;sJ. Fwpg;ghf fy;tp> Rfhjhuk; Mfpa Jiwfs;
ghupa khw;wj;jpw;Fs;shfpd. fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,j;Jiwfs;
rpwg;ghf ,aq;fpaikapd; tpisthf kdpj mgptpUj;jpapy;
,yq;if vjpu;ghu;j;jij tpl mjpf gyhgyd;fis fhl;b
epd;wJ. ,yq;if kf;fs; kj;jpapy; rkj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa
mj;jifa rpwe;j nfhs;iffis ehk; ,g;NghJ J}
ujpU\;bAld; Nehf;Ffpd;Nwhkh vd ek;ik ehNk Nfs;tp
Nfl;f Ntz;ba epiyapYs;Nshk;.
gy jrhg;j fhyq;fshf muRk; Vida KftH epiyaq;fSk;
,isQH> Atjpfs; kPNj eLehafkhd ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jp
te;Js;sd. gpujhdkhf fle;j fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w ,isQH>
jiyikapyhd muR tpNuhjf; fpsHr;rpfs; ,isQHfSf;Nf
ftdj;ijj; jpUg;gpd. MapDk;> ,jw;fhd fhuzq;fs;
vg;nghOJNk Mf;fg;G+Htkhditahf mikatpy;iy. mN-
dfkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; ,isQH>Atjpfs;
“td;nray;kpf;ftHfs;“ my;yJ “tpuf;jpAzHT
nfhz;ltHfs;“ vd;Nw tHzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH. 1990,y;
epWtg;gl;l xU Njrpa ,isQH Mizf;FO ,isQHfspd;
epiy kw;Wk; mtHfs; vjpHNehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;J xU
tp];jhukhd gFg;gha;it toq;fpaJ. mJ gy Kf;fpakhd
tpjg;GiufisAk; Kd;itj;jJ. MapDk; JujpU\;ltrkhf
mtw;Wl;gy ,d;dKk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,isQH>
Atjpfspd; Ntiyapd;ikg; gpur;rpidAk; ngUkstpyhd
mf;fiwia cUthf;fp> 2007 ,y; xU Njrpa ,isQH
Ntiytha;g;Gf; nfhs;if tFj;jikg;gjw;F ,l;Lr;nrd;wJ.
1979 ,y; ,isQH tptfhu mikr;R cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Njr-
pa ,isQH Nritfs; kd;wk; 1969 ,ypUe;J nraw;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ. mJ 1979 Mk; Mz;bd; 69 Mk; ,yf;f Njr-
pa ,isQH Nritfs; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; tYg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
1979 ,y; ,yq;if njhopy; kw;Wk; ,isQu; tptfhu
mikr;R ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ. Njrpa ,isQH gilg;gphpT
2003 ,y; jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,t;thwhf ,yq;ifapy; ,isQH
nfhs;ifnahd;W ,y;yhjNghjpYk;> gy Mz;L fhykhf
,isQH kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jk; Kd;Kaw;rpfs; ,Ue;J
tUfpd;wd. ,isQu; njhopypd;ik $ba ftdj;ij
<u;j;jikahy; 2007 ,y; Njrpa ,isQu; njhopy; nfhs;if
xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
vt;thwhapDk;> xU Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia
mgptpUj;jp nra;tjd; mD$yk; mJ ,isQH tptfhuq;fs;
midj;ijAk;; mlq;Fk; topapy; Ma;T nra;tjw;F xU
re;jHg;gj;ij toq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gjhFk;. ,isQH Atjpfs;
kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jk; gy (muR kw;Wk; muR rhuh)
Kd;Kaw;rpfs; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,e;j KftH
epiyaq;fSf;fpilapy; Kiwahd $l;bizg;Ngh> Mokhd
nraw;ghLfNsh ,y;yhik fhuzkhf rpy Ntisfspy;
Nkw;ftpTfSk; Kuz;ghlhd ,ilaPLfSk; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
mj;NjhL ,isQH kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jk; gy Kd;Kaw;rpfs;
mtHfis “xU jPHT mtrpag;gLk; gpur;rpidahf epidj;J“
mZFtNjhL Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gl;L fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl
Ntz;batHfs; vd vz;Zfpd;wd. mjd;tpisthf ,f;FOtpd;
rhj;jpatsq;fSk;> rf;jpAk; Gj;jhf;fKk; ngUksTf;F cjhr-
Pdk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia tFj;jikg;gJ nfhs;if
Kd;Kaw;rpfspy; ,isQH mgptpUj;jpia Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jk;
mj;jpahak; 1
mwpKfk
2 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 3
xU Kaw;rpahFk;. ,J ,isQH> Atjpfis Fwpg;ghf
chpikfs; kw;Wk; flg;ghLfs; nfhz;l xU gphptpduhf
Nehf;Ffpd;wJ. ,J ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F mHj;jKs;s
tifapy; gq;fspg;G nra;af;$ba ,isQH> Atjpfspd;
rhj;jpatsq;fis mq;fPfhpg;gNjhL> ,isQH Atjpfs;
mgptpUj;jp ngwf;$ba> Mw;wy; mspf;Fk; #oiy cUthf;fp
cWjpnra;Ak; flg;ghLnfhz;l Kf;fpa nraw;ghl;lhsHfisAk;>
epWtdq;fisAk; ,dq;fhZfpd;wJ.
mJ ,isQH> Atjpfspd; #o;epiykPJ jhf;fk; nrYj;Jk;
Kf;fpa> Jiwfisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;tNjhL> mgptpUj;jpf;fhd
rpy Kf;fpa cj;jp tplag;gug;Gfs; rk;ge;jkhf MNyhrid-
fis Kd;itj;J> tpNrl ftdk; Njitg;gLk;. Fwpj;Jiug;ghd
,yf;Ff;FOf;fisAk; ,dq;fhZfpd;wJ. ,J ,isQH
mgptpUj;jp Kd;Kaw;rpfis $l;bizg;Gr;nra;af;$ba
xU epWtd rl;lfj;ijAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ. Kf;fpakhf ,J
,isQHfs; ,d;iwa rthy;fisAk; vjpHfhyr; rthy;fisAk;
Vw;Wr; nraw;glf;$batifapy; mtHfSf;F Mw;wyspf;Fk;
gy;tifikahd ,ilaPLfs; ,isQH mgptpUj;jpf;fhd
mbg;gilahf mikaf;$ba #oikThPjpapy; ,ay;Gs;s
tifapy; mike;j XH mZFKiwia toq;Ffpd;wJ.
1.2 nfhs;if cUthf;fr; nray;Kiw
,U Nfhl;ghLfis kdjpw;nfhz;Nl Njrpa ,isQH
nfhs;if tFj;jikf;fg;gl;lJ. rhd;W mbg;gilapyhd
nfhs;ifia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Njit kw;Wk;
nfhs;if tFj;jikg;gpy; xU fye;jhNyhrid nray;Kiwia
cWjpnra;jy; vd;gitNa ,itahFk;. ,t;thwhf nfhs;if
Mtzj;ij cUthf;Fjy; NghyNt nfhs;if tFj;jy;
nray;KiwAk; jPHkhdfukhdjhf Nehf;fg;gl;lJ. ,isQH>
Atjpfisg; ghjpf;Fk; gy; tifik nfhz;l tptfhuq;fs;
kw;Wk; nfhs;if tFj;jypy; nghJ kf;fis <LgLj;Jtjw;fhd
Njit vd;git ,r; nray;Kiwapy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;litahf
fUjg;gl;ld.
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if vd;gJ %d;W epWtdq;fspd; $l;L
Kaw;rpahy; cUthdjhFk;. mit ,isQH tptfhuq;fs;
kw;Wk jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;R> Njrpa ,isQH
Nritfs; kd;wk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd;
r%ff; fy;tpfs; jpizf;fsk; vd;gitahFk;. ,isQH
tptfhuq;fs; kw;Wk jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;R ,e;j
Kd;Kaw;rp;f;fhd epjp
aspg;G kw;Wk; nray;Kiwapd; midj;Jklq;Fk; fz;fhzpg;G
vd;gtw;Wf;Fg; nghWg;ghfr; nrayhw;wpaJ. Kjdpiyahfg;
nghJkf;fs; fye;jhNyhridfSf;F MjuT toq;Ftjw;Fg;
nghWg;ghftpUe;jJ. r%ff; fy;tpfs; gphpT Muha;r;rp>
juTNrfhpj;jy;> gFg;gha;T kw;Wk; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if
tiuG Mfpa Nritfis njhopy;El;gj;Jiwj;> toq;fpaJ.
,J jtpu 27 mq;fj;jpdHfisf; nfhz;l xU topelj;jy; FO
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if tiugpy; xU kjpAiug; ghj;jpuj;ij
tfpj;jJ.
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia tFj;jikg;gjw;F mtrpa-
khd jfty;fs; gy;NtW %yq;fspypUe;J jpul;lg;gl;ld.
tplatpjhd kPsha;Tfis elj;Jtjw;Fk;> njhpTngw;w
tplag;gug;Gfspy; nfhs;if ,ilntspfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk;
xd;gJ fUg;nghUs; Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. 25
khtl;lq;fspy; 26 ,isQH nfhs;if muq;Ffs; eilngw;wd.
gy JiwfspYs;s Kf;fpakhd egHfSld; 53 Kf;fpa jfty;
NeHKfq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd. njhpTngw;w FOf;fspilNa vl;Lf;
ftdf;FOf; fye;Jiuahly;fSk; elj;jg;gl;ld.
4 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 5
mj;jpahak; 2
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;iff;F mbg;gilahd Nfhl;ghLfSk;
tpOkpaq;fSk;
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifiaj; jhq;fpepw;Fk; %d;W J}z;fs;
gpd;tUkhW:
1. ,isQHfSf;F tha;g;Gfis cWjpnra;jy;:
,isQH> Atjpfs; RgPl;rkilaf;$batifapy; mtHfSf;F
Mw;wy; kw;Wk; MjuT toq;Fk; xg;Guthd #oiyAk;>
tha;g;GfisAk; cWjpnra;jy;.
2. ,isQHfSf;F Mw;wy; toq;Fjy;:
,isQH. Atjpfs; RahjPdkhdtHfshfTk;> Mf;fj;j;pwd;
nfhz;ltHfshfTk; Mf;fj; jpwd; kw;Wk;; jd;dk;gpf;if
nfhz;ltHfshfTk; nrayhw;w cjTk; epiyikfis
cUthf;Fjy;.
3. ,isQHfSf;F tYT+l;Ljy;:
,isQHfs; gq;Nfw;W jkJ rhHgpYk;> r%fj;jpd; rhHgpYk;
kdpj ,dj;jpd; rhHgpYk;> nghWg;Ngw;Wr; nraw;glf;$ba
tifapy; mtHfSf;F tYT+l;Ljy;.
gpd;tUk; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; tpOkpaq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;
,j;J}z;fs; NkYk; tpghpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
I. midtiuAk; cs;slf;Fk;> ,yq;ifaH vd;Dk;
milahsj;ij Kd;Ndw;Wjy; kw;Wk; gd;ikj;Jt
tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;
II. ,yq;ifia> nrOikg;gLj;jpa fyhrhu>
gy;tifik Fwpj;j ePz;l ghuk;ghpaj;Jf;fhd kjpg;GzHT
III. mgptpUj;jpia vz;zf;fUthf;fk; nra;ifapy;
xg;GuT kw;Wk; r%f ePjpf;fhd kjpg;GzHT
IV. ,isQHfspd; cly;> cs> Md;kpf> nghUshjhu
kw;Wk; fyhrhu hPjpapyhd G+uz ey;tho;it Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
V. ,yq;if murpayikg;gpYk;> ,yq;if
ifnahg;gkpl;Ls;s rHtNjr rkthaq;fspYk;
cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW [dehaff; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk;>
kdpj chpikfSf;Fkhd mHg;gzTzHT
VI. ,isQu; mgptpUj;jpapy; cs;thq;fg;gLk;
epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mikg;Gf;fspDila tif$WjiyAk;
kw;Wk; ntspg;gilj;jd;ikiaAk; cWjpnra;jy;
VII. ,isQH gzpapy; <Lgl;Ls;s rfyhpdJk;
njhopy;rhH jd;ik kw;Wk; NeHikj;jpwd; Fwpj;j caHthd
juhjuq;fis Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
VIII. ehl;bDs;Sk;> ntspapYk; epyTk; rpf;fyhd
cyfk; Fwpj;J ,isQHfs; mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; tifapy;
,isQH kj;jpapy; NkYk; gue;j XH cyf Nehf;if
Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
IX. jPu;khdnkLf;Fk; nrad;Kiwapd; rfy
kl;lq;fspYk; ,isQuJ gq;Fgw;wiy cWjpgLj;jy;
X. ,isQu; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd mbg;gilahf kdpj
cupikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;
6 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 7
mj;jpahak; 3
njhiyNehf;F> ,yf;Ffs;
kw;Wk; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs
njhiyNehf;F
ePjpahd> xg;Guthd r%fnkhd;iw Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy;> Njr-
pa mgptpUj;jpapy;
Jbg;ghfg; gq;Nfw;gjw;F ,isQu;> AtjpfSf;F Mw;wy;
toq;fp> mtu;fspd; KOikahd rhj;jpa tsj;ij mgptpUj;jp
nra;jy;.
,yf;FfSk;> Fwpf;Nfhs;fSk;
3.1 Njrpa mgptpUj;jpr; nray; Kiwapy;
mu;j;jKs;s tifapy; <LgLtjw;fhd ,isQu;>
Atjpfspd; Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
I. fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpapD}lhf mtu;fspd; mwpT>
jpwd;fs; kw;Wk; csg;ghq;Ffis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
II. Njrpa Gdu;epu;khzj;jpYk; ey;ypzf;fj;jpYk;;
mgptpUj;jpapYk; <LgLk; tifapy; ,isQu;> Atjpfis
mzpjpul;Ljy;
III. jpl;lkply;> jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk;
mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;
vd;gtw;wpy; ,isQu;> Atjpfs; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd topKi-
wfisj; jhgpj;jy;
IV. ,isQu;> Atjpfs; r%fj;jpy; nghWg;Gtha;e;j>
RahjPdkhd mq;fj;jtu;fshf tUtjw;F cjtf;$ba
,iaGs;s jpwd;fisAk; mwpitAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F
mtu;fSf;F xg;Guthd tha;g;Gfis toq;Fjy;
V. njhz;lu; czu;it mgptpUj;jpnra;J ,isQu;>
Atjpfs; rKjha Nritapy; <LgLtjw;fhd topKiwfis
Vw;gLj;Jjy;
VI. kPsg;GJg;gpf;f Kbahj %ytsq;fis mjpfupj;j
tifapy; gad;gLj;JtjhYk;> fhyepiy khw;wq;fshYk;>
,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fshYk; vOk; R+oy; rk;ge;jkhd rthy;fs;
Fwpj;j mjpfupj;j tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;
3.2 nghUshjhuj;jpy; ,isQu; gq;Nfw;ig mjpfupj;jy;
I. ,isQu;fSk;> AtjpfSk; fy;tpapypUe;J Ntiyf;Fg;
gaDWjpAs;s tifapy; ,lkhw;wk; nra;ag;gLtjw;fhd epi-
yikfis cUthf;Fjy;
II. ,isQu; Ntiytha;g;G tiyaikg;GfisAk;
tha;g;GfisAk; gpuhe;jpa kl;lj;jpYk; Njrpa kl;lj;jpYk;
tYg;gLj;Jjy;
III. ,isQu;> Atjpfspd; nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhd
njhopy; Kaw;rpf; fyhrhuj;ijAk; MjuT %ytsq;fisAk;
Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
8 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 9
IV. cau;fy;tp mgpyhirfis mile;Jnfhs;s
tha;g;Gfis mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk;
V. Ntiytha;g;G toq;Ftjpy; rkj;Jt jd;ikiaf;
filgpbj;jy
3.3 ,isQu;> Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; r%fg;
nghWg;Gzu;T kw;Wk; r%f ,izT
neUf;fTzu;T vd;gtw;iw Vw;gLj;Jk; mN
jNtisapy;> ,dj;Jt> me;j];j;J>
fyhrhu> kj> nkhop kw;Wk; ehl;bYs;s
tho;f;ifg;ghzpfspd;; gy;tifikia
mq;fPfupj;J> kjpg;gspj;jy;
I. NtWghL kw;Wk; gy;NtW tptfhuq;fspy; ,sta-
jpdu; kj;jpapy; Gupe;Jzu;it Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
II. ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpd;; gd;Kf tuyhWfs; kw;Wk;
ghuk;gupaq;fis Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
III. midtiuAk; cs;slf;Fjy; kw;Wk; rfpg;Gj;jd;ik
rk;ge;jkhd midj;Jyf tpOkpaq;fs; Fwpj;j Gupe;Jzu;it
mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
IV. Md;kpf kw;Wk; xOf;ftpay; tpOkpaq;fSf;fhd
kjpg;ig Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
V. jdpegu;fSf;fpilapYk;> nghJkf;fSf;fpilapYkhd
m`pk;ir kw;Wk; Kuz;ghLfSf;Fr; rkhjhdkhd topfspy;
jPu;TfhZjy; Fwpj;j fyhrhuj;ij Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy
;
VI. kPsg; GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsq;fs;> fhyepiy
khw;wq;fs;> ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fshy; vOk; #oy; njhlu;ghd
rthy;fs; njhlu;ghd tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;jy;
3.4 rfy tbtq;fspYkhd ghugl;rq;fisAk;> Ruz;ly;fisAk; vjpu;j;Jg; NghuhLtjw;fhd ,isQu;fspd; rhj;jpatsj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
I. ,isQu;> Atjpfs; r%fj;jpy; jiyikj;Jtg;
ghj;jpuq;fis Vw;Fk; epiyikfis cUthf;Fjy;
II. ,isQu;fshy; cs;thq;fg;gl;l mePjpfs;>
gy;tifg;gl;l Gwf;fzpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly; Nghd;w
gpur;rpidfisf; $l;lhfr; Nru;e;J vjpu;nfhs;tjw;Fk;
gjpyspg;gjw;Fk; mtu;fSf;fhd tha;g;gpid cUthf;Fjy;
III. jfty;fisj; Njbg;ngw;W> tpku;rduPjpahfTk;
RahjPdkhfTk; rpe;jpf;Fk; ,isQu;> Atjpfspd; Mw;wiy
mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
IV. r%f ePjpiag; ghJfhf;Fk; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; ngh-
wpKiwfis tYg;gLj;Jjy
3.5 ,isQu;> Atjpfspd; ghJfhg;G> tsu;r;rp
kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;F Mjuthd FLk;gq;fs;
kw;Wk; r%fq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
I. FLk;gq;fSf;Fk;> r%fq;fSf;Fkhd r%fg;
ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfis tYg;gLj;Jjy;
II. ,isQu;> Atjpfs; td;nray;> cjhrPdk;> Ruz;ly;
kw;Wk; ghugl;rq;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;Gg;ngWk; FLk;g kw;Wk;
r%fg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; MjuT #oy;fisg; ghJfhj;J
Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
III. ,isQu;> Atjpfisj; J\;gpuNahfq;fspypUe;J
ghJfhf;Fk; r%f kl;lj;jpyhd topKiwaikg;Gfisg;
gyg;gLj;Jjy;
3.6 ,isQu;> Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; Rfhjhuj;ijAk;> Nrkeyj;ijAk; tYg;gLj;Jjy;
I. Rfhjhuj;ijAk;> Nrkeyj;ijAk; Kd;Ndw;Wk;
,isQu;fSf;F Mjuthd Nritfis mtu;fs;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F topNaw;gLj;Jjy;
II. Rfhjhuj;ijAk;> Nrkeyj;ijAk; Kd;Ndw;Wk;
fhuzpfs; Fwpj;j tpopg;Gzu;it mjpfupj;jy;
III. Gj;Jzu;r;rpg; nghOJNghf;Ffs;> Xa;T Neuk; kw;Wk;
MNuhf;fpakhd tho;f;ifg; ghzpfSf;fhd tha;g;Gfis
toq;Fjy;
IV. ,dg;ngUf;f kw;Wk; ghypay; Rfhjhuk;> gjhu;j;jq;fs;
J\;gpuNahfk;> cs eyk;/MNuhf;fpak; $l;LwT uPjpapy;
guTk; kw;Wk; mt;thwpy;yhj Neha;fs; cs;spl;l tifapy;
MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk; Nrkeyd; rk;ge;jkhd jfty;fis
,isQu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F toprikj;jy;
V. fiy kw;Wk; fyhrhu eltbf;iffspy; tpopg;Gzu;T
kw;Wk; <Lghl;il mjpfupj;jy;
VI. fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; njhopy;rhu; csts
Mw;Wg;gLj;jy; Nritfis> fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhu mikr;Rld;
$l;lhf ,ize;J nghUj;jkhd Nritfis toq;Fjy;;
3.7 muR kw;Wk; muR my;yhj mikg;GfspilapYk;> FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; r%fq;fspilapYk; ,isQu; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; ,isQu; gzp rk;ge;jkhd $l;bizf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghLfSf;F
toprikj;jy;
I. ,isQu; gzpfisg; gaDWjpAs;s topfspy;
$l;bizg;Gr; nra;Ak; xU epWtdr; rl;lfj;ijj; jhgpj;jy;
II. fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> Ntiytha;g;Gg; Nghd;w ,isQu;
mgptpUj;jpiag; ghjpf;Fk; tplag;gug;Gfs; rk;ge;jkhd Jiwf-
spilNa mu;j;jg; nghjpTs;s nraw;ghLfis cWjpnra;Ak;
tifapyhd xU rl;lfj;ijj; jhgpj;jy;
III. gy;NtW ,isQu; mgptpUj;jp Kd; Kaw;rpfspD}
lhf> ,isQu;fSf;fhd gzptpisTfis epiykhw;wkpd;wpf;
fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; xU Kiwiaj; jhgpj;jy;
IV. ,isQu; gzpapYk;> ,isQu; mgptpUj;jpapYk;
Muha;r;rp> fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rp vd;gtw;Wf;F
Vw;ghLfisr;nra;tJk;> ,e;j tplag;gug;gpy; mwpit
Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhd Xu; mikg;igj; jhgpg;gJk;
V. ,isQu; vjpu; Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs;> NkYk; ehL
vjpu;nfhs;Sk;; gue;j gpur;rpidfs; rk;ge;jkhd ,isQu;
fye;jhNyhridf;fhf xU nghwpKiw xd;wpid cUthf;Fjy;
10 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 11
mj;jpahak; 4
,isQu; Atjpfspd; R+o;epiy
1 Based on Dept of Census and statistics
4.1 tiutpyf;fzk;
,isQu;> Atjpfs; ,ilkhw;wj;jpD}lhfr; nry;Yk; xU FOntd;Dk;
gue;j vz;zf;fUtpDs; r%fq;fspYk;> fyhrhuq;fspYk; ,isQu;
Fwpj;j tiutpyf;fzk; ngupJk; khWgLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd fhuzk;
Fwpj;jnjhU r%f nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhrhur; #oikTfspy;
,isQu;fspd; mDgtq;fisAk;> #o;epiyfisAk; fhz;gpf;Fk;
gy;NtW milahsf; Fwpfs; kw;Wk; gz;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jp
mtu;fis xUtifg; gpupthf ,dq;fhzf;$bajhf ,Ug;gNjahFk;.
mNdfkhd tiutpyf;fzq;fs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l taJf; FOt-
pd; nghJthd mDgtq;fs; kw;Wk; ghj;jpu vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs;
vd;gtw;wpdbg;gilapy; mtu;fis tifg;gLj;Jk;> gue;j tifapy;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l xU khjpupiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,jd;gpufhuk;>
midj;Jyf tiutpyf;fzk; I.eh Kiwikapd; fPo; 15-24
taJf;FOit ,isQu;> Atjpfshff; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> gy;NtW
ehLfs; jkJ nrhe;j> jdpr;rpwg;ghd #oikTfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
taJf; FOf;fspy; rpwpa tpj;jpahrq;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wd. ,e;j
tifg;gLj;jy; taJf;FOf;fspDs; epyTk; gy;tifikfisf;
fUj;jpy; nfhs;shtpbDk;> mJ ,isQu;fisAk;> r%fj;jpy;
mtu;fspd; ,lj;ijAk; ,dq;fhZtjw;F mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l xU
topahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
,g;gpd;dzpapy;> ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQu; nfhs;if
,isQu;fis ,yq;ifapd; #oiktpy; jq;fpthOk; rpWtu;
epiyapypUe;J Rje;jpukhd tsHe;NjhH epiyf;F ,lkhw;wk; ngWk;
jd;ikiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L 15 - 29 tajpdu; vd tiutpyf;fzk;
nra;fpd;wJ. ,isQu;fs;> Atjpfs; xU r%f tifg;gpuptpdu;
vd;w tifapy; mtu;fspd; cs;shu;e;j rpf;fy; jd;ikfis mJ
mq;fPfupg;gNjhL> ,isQu;fspd; r%f> nghUshjhu> efu;g;Gw> fpuhk-
pa> Ntiytha;g;G epiyfs;> ,dj;Jt tho;f;if newpapd; NghJ
nkhop> kj kw;Wk; fyhrhuf; fz;Nzhl;lq;fspy; Vw;gLk; gd;Kf
mDgtq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; G+uzkhf mJ mwpe;Js;sJ.
4.2 Fbapay; guk;gy; #o;epiy
,yq;ifapy; ,isQu; rdj;njhif 2011 ,y; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy;
23% vd;Wk;> Rkhu; 4.4 kpy;ypad; vd;Wk; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghy; NtWghLfspd; gpufhuk; 50.23% ,isQu;fSk; 49.76%
AtjpfSk; cs;sdu;.
Njrpa ,isQu; nfhs;ifapy; tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s
,isQu;> Atjpfs; fl;lhakhfg; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;ba
tajhd 5 - 14 taijj; jhz;batu;fshtu;. mtu;fs; gue;j
mstpy; %d;W tifg; gpuptpduhff; fUjg;glyhk;. ,tu;fs; fy;tp
eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;Ls;stu;fs;> Ntiy ghu;g;gtu;fs; kw;Wk;
Ntiyaw;Nwhu; vd;Nghuhtu;. fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;Ls;s
,isQu;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; fy;Y}up kl;lj;jpy; cs;stu;fspd;
vz;zpf;ifapy; (juq;fs; 12 - 13) jPtpu tPo;r;rp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,yq;ifapy; rfy gpuNjrq;fspYk; 80.6% Nky; ,uz;lhk; epiy
Nruy;fspypUe;J (juk;10 - 11)> ,J fy;Y}hp kl;lj;jpy; (juk; 12-
13) 39.4% Mff; Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,U kl;lq;fspYk; mjpFiwthd
tPjhrhuq;fs; ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw ,isQu;> Atjpfs; kj;jpapNyNa
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy; cau;fy;tpapy; ,isQu;> Atjpfspd;
vz;zpf;if %d;whk; epiyf; fy;tp epWtdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
Fiwthf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhfTk; FiwthfTs;sJ.
,isQu;> AtjpfSf;fhd Ntiytha;g;igg; nghWj;j tiuapy;>
fle;j jrhg;jj;jpy; 20 - 29 taJf;FOtpYs;Nshu; Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik
tPjk; 2002 ,y; 20.1% MftpUe;J 2011 ,y; 12.3% Mf tPo;r;rp
fz;Ls;sJ.
12 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 13
4.3 fy;tpAk; gapw;rpAk;
If;fpa ehLfs; rpWtu; epjpak; 2013,y; Nkw;nfhz;l Ma;tpd;gb> ,uz;lhk; epiy fy;tp fw;Fk; khztu;fspy; 3.3%khNdhu; gbg;gpypUe;J tpyf;Fk; epiy fhzg;gl;lJ . ,jpy; 1%khdtu;fs; 10 taJilatu;fshfTk; 5.1%khNdhu; 13 taJilatu;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,e;epiyikahdJ ,jw;F mLj;jkl;lj;jpy; cs;stu;fshd ,isQu; FOtpdUf;F ghjkhf mika tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd. fhuzk; ,k;kl;lj;jpd; gbg;GtPjk; Fiwe;Jtpl tha;g;G cz;L.
,yq;if tpjpKiwahd fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; Fwpj;J epa-hakhd tifapy; ngUikailayhk; vd;wNghjpYk;> rpy fupridf; ftiyfs; cs;sd. 2001 ,y; rpq;fs nkhop %yj;jpy; juq;fs; 6 - 11 ,ilapy; Nru;jypy; xU tpfp-jhrhukhf ,iltpyfy;fs; 3% MftpUe;jd. jkpo; nkhop %yj;jpy; mit 6% MftpUe;jd. fy;tpapy; gq;Nfw;gjpy; fzprkhd mstpyhd gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; Jiwrhu; NtW-ghLfisf; fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwapy; Mz; gps;isfs; mjpf ,iltpyfy;; fhz;gpf;fpd;wdu;.
njw;F kw;Wk; Nky; khfhzq;fs; cau; kl;lq;fspyhd gq;Nfw;ig (87%) fhz;gpf;ifapy;> ,J tl Nky; khfhzj;jpy; 78% MfTk;> tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; 73% MfTk; cs;sJ. NkYk;> 2008/2009 f;fhd rpWtu; nraw;ghl;L kjpg;gha;tpd; gpufhuk; Mw;wypd;ikAk;> tpahjpANk ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;yhikf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ cau;thd fhuzkhFk;. ,J mq;ftPd epiy ghlrhiyfspy; Nru;tjw;Fk;> fy;tpiaj; njhlUtjw;Fk; xU ghuJ}ukhd kl;Lg;ghlhfTs;sJ vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;LtjhfTs;sJ.
cau; fy;tpiag; nghWj;jtiuapy;> 2007,y; jFjpngw;w vz;zpf;ifapdUs; 14.3% khj;jpuNk mDkjpf;Fj; njupT nra;ag;gl;ldu;. fy;tpf;fhd mur KjyPl;by; Vw;gl;LtUk; rupT epiyia Kf;fpa ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 2010 ,y; gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tpf;fhd muR nrytPdk; murhq;f nrytPdj;jpy; 1.8% khj;jpuNkahFk;.
,isQu;> AtjpfSf;F kpfTk; jPu;khdfukhd Jiwahd njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj; njhopw;fy;tp rkPg tUlq;fspy; Jupjkhf tpuptile;Js;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;> ,ij toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; Fwpj;j nghJ kf;fs; mq;fPfhuk; tho;f;ifj; njhopy; kw;Wk; jifikfs; rk;ge;jkhd fPo;epiyapyhd tuNtw;G vd;git fhuzkhf ,j;Jiwfspd; tsu;r;rp jpUg;jpfukhdjhf ,y;iy.
njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj; njhopy; gapw;rp epWtdq;fspyhd ,iltpyfy; tpfpjhrhuk; Vida epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf;foq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; cau;thdjhFk;. njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj; njhopy; fy;tpf;Ff; nfhilahsu; epjpAjtpfs; fpilf;fpd;wd. ,J ,j;Jiw mgptpUj;jpaila cjtpAs;sJ. ,q;F tUk; khztu;fs; ,yFtpy; ghjpg;Gwf;$ba r%ff;$WfspypUe;J tUtjhy;> ,tu;fSf;fhd fl;lzf; fl;likg;Gf;fs; nghUj;jkhditahfTk;> ,tu;fSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gbahdjhfTk; ,Ug;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
fy;tpapd; juKk;> gzptpisTfSk; fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rp rk;ge;jkhfg; ghuJ}ukhd fupridia Vw;gLj;Jk; tplag;gug;ghfTs;sJ. khztu;fs; Nru;e;J nfhs;tJ khj;jpuk; fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpapd; juk; rk;ge;jkhd jpUg;jpfukhd Rl;bf;fhl;b my;y. fy;tpr;rhjidfspy; fzprkhd gpuhe;jpa Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; cs;sd. ,jpy; Nky;khfhzj;Jf;Fk;> Vida khfhzq;fSf;Fk;> tpNrlkhf Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpg;Gw;w khfhzq;fSf;Fkpilapy; kpff; fzprkhd NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
fy;tpapd; gue;j Fwpapyf;Ffs; rk;ge;jkhd ftdKk; mtrpa-khFk;. fy;tp MNuhf;fpak;> ghypay; elj;ij> jiyikj;Jtk;> MSik mgptpUj;jp> r%f ,izT neUf;fk;> kw;Wk; r%f ePjp vd;gtw;wpd; kPJk; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. ,it mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;L> fy;tpapd; Fwpapyf;F Ntiytha;g;igg; ngWtJ vd;w FWfpa tifapy;
Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; fw;wy; topKiwfs; kPJ jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
4.4 ,isQH Atjpfspd; Ntiytha;g;Gk; Ntiyapd;ikAk
,isQHfs; kj;jpapy; epyTk; Ntiyapd;ik ,yq;ifapy; nfhs;if tFg;ghsHfSf;Fk; ,isQH> AtjpfSf;Fk;> FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; gpujhdkhd gpur;rpidahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. 2010,y; 15-19 tajpdupilapyhd Ntiyapd;ik 20% MftpUe;jJ. 20-24 taJf; FOtpdupilNa mJ 19% tPjkhf tpsq;fpaJ. ,e;j taJf;FOtpy; ngz;fspd; Ntiyapd;ik Mz;fspd; Ntiyapd;ikia tpl caHe;j tPjkhftpUe;jJ.Ntiytha;g;Gg; gpur;rpidapy; ,isQH> Atjpf-spd; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd kdf;Fiwahf ,Ug;gJ Ntiy ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F murpay; kw;Wk; r%f nry;thf;F kpf caHthff; fUjg;gLk; epiyahFk;. ,JNt murhq;fj; Ji-wapy; epyTk; cz;ikahd epiyahFk;. jdpahH JiwapYk; ,J g+uzkhf ,y;iynad;W $wptplKbahJ. jdpahH JiwapYk;$l> ,Kiwahd, r%f tiyaikg;Gfisr; NrHe;jpUg;gJ> Ntiytha;g;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; Kf;fpa fhuzpahf mike;Js;sJ. ,f;fyhrhuq;fshy; gy ,isQH> Atjpfs; Ntiytha;g;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; jpwik Kf;fpakw;wJ vd;Wk;> rupahd njhlHGfis itj;jpUg;gNj Kf;fpakhdnjd;Wk; njuptpf;fpd;wdH. Nghl;bg;guPl;irg; ngWNg-WfspYk;> Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;if KiwfspYk; xOq;fPdq;fs; ,lk;ngw;w rk;gtq;fs; fye;jhNyhridfspd;NghJ> mwpf;ifaplg;gl;ld. ,it Ntiytha;g;Gj;Jiwf;Fk; mg;ghy; nghJ epWtdq;fspYk; Ml;rpKiwfspYk; ek;gpf;if Fiwe;J nry;tjw;F ,l;Lr;nrd;Ws;sd.
Ntiy cyfpw;F ,isQH> Atjpfisj; jahupg;gJ JujpU\;ltrkhf ntWkNd jfty; njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; Mq;fpy nkhopj; jpwd;fisf; fw;gpg;gjw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Ntiy cyfpw;F kpfTk; mtrpakhd Vida jpwd;fshd jiyikj;Jtk;> mzpNtiy> tpkHrduPjpahd rpe;jid> njhlHghly; jpwd;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw cjhrPdk; nra;fpd;wJ., nkd; jpwd;fs;, vd;W miof;fg;gLk; ,it tFg;giwapy; fw;gpf;fg;gl Kbahjit vd;gijAk; mit fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; fw;wy; #oy; kw;Wk; fyhrhuj;jpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glNtz;bait vd;gijAk; mq;fPfupg;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. jw;Nghija Nghl;b epiwe;j> guPl;irj; jpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;l>, Jupj Ntf,fw;gpj;jYk;> fw;wYk; ,j;jifa jpwd;fis Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;Fg; gad;glkhl;lh. MfNt> Ntiy ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba jd;ikia Nkk;gLj;Jjy; ghltpjhdq;fspy; khw;wj;Jf;F khj;jpuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhJ> fy;tp ,yf;Ffs;> kw;Wk; fw;gpj;jy;> fw;wy; topKiwfs; vd;gtw;iw kPsha;T nra;tjw;Fk;> tp];jupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
4.5 r%f Gwe;js;SifAk; epahag;gLj;JjYk
,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpd; xU gFg;gha;T %ytsq;fisAk;> tha;g;Gf;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJk;> xU jdpegupd; tho;f;ifapy; Kd;Ndw;wKk; r%f tiyaikg;gpy; mtupd; me;j];j;ijg; nghWj;jjhFnkd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;j me;j];;ijj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ghy;epiy> ,dj;Jtepiy> kjk;> murpay; njhlHgpizg;Gfs;> nkhop kw;Wk; rhjp vd;gitahFk;. nkhop vd;gJ r%f me;j];ijf; Fwpg;ghff; fhl;LtjhFk;. Mq;fpy nkhopapy; gupr;raKk;> ruskhf NgRk; Mw;wYk; r%fj;jpy; xU egupd; me;j];J kPJ ngUkstpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jf;$baitahFk;. ,J (fy;tp kw;Wk; jifik Nghd;w) rhjpf;fg;gl;l fhuzp-fistpl> NrHj;Jg;nghUj;jpf;nfhs;sg;gl;l fhuzpfNs gy-upd; tho;tpy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijj; jPHkhdpg;gitahfTs;sd vd;gijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NkYk;> %ytsq;fisAk;> tha;g;Gf;fhl;LiffisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ XH cupikahftd;wp> rYifahfNt Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. rYif vd;Dk; czHTld; nghWg;GzHtd;wp flg;ghL vd;Dk; czHNt $lr;nry;Yfpd;wJ. ,e;j Kiwik r%fj;jpy; gp-wupy; jq;fpepw;wy; kw;Wk; Ml;fSf;Fr; rYif nra;jy; vd;Dk; cwTepiyfisj; njhlHfijahf;fp kpfTk; mbg;gilahd Nritfisg; ngWtjpYk;> md;whl tho;tpy; murpay; kw;Wk; r%fj; njhlHGfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ ngUksTf;Fr; ru;t rhjhuzkhd tplakhfptpl;lJ. ,t;thW rYif fhl;Lk;
Rw;Wtl;lq;fs; r%fj;jpd; rfy kl;lq;fspYk; Jbg;ghfr; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk;> ,jd; fUj;J gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhf ,j;njhlHG epiyfSs; gpuNtrpf;f Kbah-NjhH my;yJ ,r;rYif Fwpj;j Rw;Wtl;lq;fSf;F nts-papy; tplg;gLNthH kpfTk; mbg;gilahd cupikfs;$l kWf;fg;gLk; msTf;F Xuq;fl;liy vjpHNehf;Ffpd;whH vd;gjhFk;. ,isQH> Atjpfs; ,e;j epiy Fwpj;J ntWg;Gw;w NghjpYk;> ,j;jifa eilKiwfSf;Fr; rthy;tpLk; mjpFi-wthd Kaw;rpfs;$l mtHfs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gltpy;iy.
4.6 MNuhf;fpaKk; ey;tho;Tk
,isQH AtjpfSf;F ,iaGs;s ,uz;L nfhs;if tiuGfs; cs;sd. ,staJ egHfspd; MNuhf;fpak; rk;ge;jkhd Njr-pa nfhs;ifAk; cj;jpAk; kw;Wk; tshpsk; gUtj;jpdhpd; MNuhf;fpak; Fwpj;j Njrpa cj;Njrj;;jpl;lKNk (2013-2017) mitahFk;. ,isQH Atjpfspd; tho;tpy; MNuhf;fpaKk; NrkeyDk; xU Kf;fpakhd mk;rkhFk;. Foe;ijg; gUtj;Jf;Fg; gpd;duhd ,uz;lhtJ cUthf;fg; gbepiyahff; nfhs;sg;gLk; ,isQH gUtk; tsHr;rp> tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; cly;> csh-Pjpahd rthy;fis vjpHNehf;Fk; xU fhyg;gFjpahFk;. tof;fkhf ,f;fhyg;gFjpapd;NghNj ,tHfs; cly; kw;Wk; czHr;rpfs;rhH RahjPdk; vd;gtw;wpd; milahsq;fisf; fhz;gpg;gjw;Fk; jkJ nrhe;j milahs kw;Wk; KjpHr;rp czHTfis mgptpUj;jpnra;Jnfhs;sTk; Muk;gpf;fpd;wdH. ngw;NwhH kw;Wk; ghJfhtyhpd; fz;fhzpg;Gf;;F mg;ghy; nt-spAyfpy; Ma;T kw;Wk; ghPl;rpj;jy; rk;ge;jkhf tpNrlkhf gjhHj;jq;fspd; gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; ghypay; rk;ge;jkhd Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; ghPl;rpj;jy; Fwpj;j fhyg;gFjpahFk;. ,yq;ifapy; ghlrhiyfSf;F ntspapYs;s tshpsk; gUtj;jpdhpy; 42 tPjkhNdhH Gifg;gpbg;gjhfTk; 24 tPjkhd tshpsk; gUtj;J Mz;fSk;> 10 tPjkhd tshpsk; gUtj;J ngz;fSk; kJ mUe;JtjhfTk; mwpf;ifaplg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; tshpsk; gUtj;jpdhpy; gyH tHj;jf hPjpapyhd ghypay; gzpahsHfSld; cs;spl;l tifapy; ghypay; eltbf;ifapy; <LgLtJ fz;lwpg;gl;Ls;sJ. vt;thwhapDk; ghypay; hPjpapy; guTk; njhw;Wfs; kw;Wk; HIV cs;spl;l tifapy; ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuk; rk;ge;jkhd mtHfspd; mwpT kpfTk; Nkhrkhf cs;sJ. RkhH 50 tPjkhd tshpsk; gUtj;jpdNu ,itFwpj;J mwpe;Js;sdH. ,isQH> Atjpfs; ghypay; kw;Wk; ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuk; Fwpj;j jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ fbdkhfTs;sJ. tpj;jpahrkhd ghypay; jpirkhHf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l my;yJ jdpg;gl;l neUf;fbfis vjpHNehf;Fk; ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F MjuT ,y;yhj epi-yNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,isQH> Atjpfspd; Rfhjhuk; rk;ge;jkhd NkYnkhU Kf;fpa tptfhuk; $l;LwT %yk; guthj ePhpopT> caH ,uj;j mOj;jk;> ,ja kw;Wk; ,uj;jk; rk;ge;jkhd tpahjpfs; njhlHe;J epyTtjhFk;. ,j;NjhL> tsHe;NjhH tho;tpy; mtH-fisg; ghjpf;ff;$ba Gw;WNeha; Nghd;witAk; cs;sd. ,J jw;NghJ ,yq;ifapy; ,isQH> Atjpfspd; epakkhf khwpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;> epiyahf Xhplj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; tho;f;if kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpakw;w tho;f;if Kiwfs; cs;spl;l fhuzpfs;> tho;f;ifg;ghzp kw;Wk; czTg;gof;fq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; tpisthFk;.
,isQH Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; RajPq;F kw;Wk; jw;nfhiy rk;ge;jkhf mjpfhpj;J tUk; rk;gtq;fs; ftiyf;Fhpa Nghf;ifNa fhz;gpf;fpd;wd. fy;tpapd; Nghl;bj;jd;ik> FLk;gj;jpdUlDk;> mtjhdpg;G FOf;fSlDk; cwTf-spd; juk; rPuopjy; Nghd;wit fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; caHe;j kl;lq;fspyhd kd mOj;jk; ,isQH kj;jpy; czHr;rpfs;rhH kw;Wk; cstpay; Neha; epiyfSf;F gq;fspg;Gr;nra;fpd;wJ. ,isQH Atjpfspd; Njitfspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; fyhrhuh-Pjpapy; nghUj;jkhdJk;> cs;Shpy; fpilf;ff;$baitAkhd cstpay; r%f Nritfs; Nghjpa mstpy; fpilg;gjpy;iy.
2Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey, 2011. Dept of Census and statistics. 2002 rate is excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces while 2011 rate includes all districts.
3UNICEF out of school children study, 2013
3WHO defines adolescents as those belonging to 10-19 years of age. 4According to the National Policy and Strategy on Health of Young Persons, 2011.
14 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 15 3WHO defines adolescents as those belonging to 10-19 years of age. 4According to the National Policy and Strategy on Health of Young Persons, 2011.
mj;jpahak; 5
Kd;Dhpik ,yf;Ff; FOf;fs
,isQHfs; xNu rPuhd ,ay;Gnfhz;l xU FOtpduy;yu;.
tpNrlkhd Nritfs; kw;Wk; ftdk; vd;gtw;iwf; Nf-
hUk; Fwpj;Jiug;ghd ,isQH FOf;fis ,dq;fhZtJ
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,isQH mgptpUj;jpapYk;> ,isQH gzp
Kd;Kaw;rpfspYk; Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;glNtz;ba ,isQH
FOf;fSf;F murpdJk;> muR rhuhj KftH epiyaq;fsJk;
ftdj;ij <Hf;Fk; Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;lNj ,e;j mj;jpahak;.
5.1 Ntiyaw;w ,isQHfs;
,isQu; kj;jpay; Ntiyapd;ik tPjk; Fiwe;J nry;Yk;
Nghf;if fle;j fhyq;fspy; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf
20-29 taJ FOtdupilNa 2002 ,y; 20.1% khf fhzg;gl;l
Ntiyapd;ikahdJ 2011 ,y; 2.3% khf Fiwtile;Js;sJ.
,isQH Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; Ntiyapd;ik xU njhluhd
jPq;fhd tpisTfSf;F ,l;Lr;nry;yf;$bajhFk;. ,isQH
ePjp kw;Wk; r%f RahjPdj;ijj; Njbf;nfhs;tjpYk;>
FLk;gj;jpw;Fk;> r%fj;jpw;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tjpYk;
kl;Lg;ghLfis mDgtpj;J> ,tw;wpd; tpisthf Ra-kjpg;G>
jd;dk;gpf;if kw;Wk; csneUf;fPL vd;gtw;iw ,of;fpd;wdH.
,itaidj;Jk; mtHfspy; tsHe;NjhH epiyf;fhd
,ilkhw;wj;ij ghjpf;Fk;.
,yq;ifapy; ghuk;ghpakhf Ntiyaw;w gl;ljhhpfs; kPJ
ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;w NghjpYk;> Vida ,isQH
FOf;fs; kj;jpapy; epyTk; Ntiyapd;ikf;Fk; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gLtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. NkYk; Ntiytha;g;Gj;
jifik Fwpj;j jw;Nghija fye;Jiuahly; fy;tp kPJ
Fwpg;ghf gy;fiyf;foff; fy;tp kPJ FWfpa topapNyNa
ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. mNjNtisapy; Ntiytha;g;Gj; ji-
fikia mjpfhpg;gjhapd; JiwfspYk;> gpuhe;jpaq;fspYk;
NkYk; epahakhd Kiwapy; Ntiytha;g;Gfis mjpfhpg;gJ
cs;spl;l tifapy; xU tPr;rhd ,ilaPLfs; mtrpakhFk;.
Vida gapw;rp nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; $l rkj;Jtkpf;f ftdk;
nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,e;epyikapD}lhf jUtpf;fg;gLk; ji-
fikfspdhy; njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fis Kd;Ndw;w KbtjD}lhf
,isQu;fSf;fhd xU gue;j #oiy cUthf;f KbAk;.
5.2 Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fisr; NrHe;j ,isQH Atjpfs;
,yq;if rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;ij Nehf;fpr;nry;ifapy;> Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;Gw;w ,isQH Atjpfs; cldbahfNt [dr%fj;jpDs; ,ad;w msTf;F xd;wpizf;fg;gLtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,J Aj;jj;jpy; Neu-bahfNt <Lgl;l ,isQH Atjpfs;> td;nfhLikfis mDgtpj;j ,isQH Atjpfs; kw;Wk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l gphpt-pdUld; NrHe;J ,dq;fhzg;gl;ljhy; Xuq;fl;ly;fs; kw;Wk; ghugl;rq;fis mDgtpj;jtHfs; vd;Nghiu cs;slf;FtjhFk;. vt;thwhapDk;> [dr%fq;fspDs;Sk; mtw;wpdpilapYk; re;Njfk;> ek;gpf;ifaPdk; kw;Wk; FNuhjk; rk;ge;jkhd
czHTfs; epyTfpd;wd.
5.3 Gwe;js;Sif> ghugl;rk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fSf;F cs;shfpa ,isQH Atjpfs;
,isQHfSf;fhd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; ghugl;rq;fs;>
Ruz;ly;fSf;F ,yf;fhd ,isQH FOf;fs; NkYk;
Xuq;fl;lg;glhky; ,Ug;gij cWjpnra;tJ mtrpakhFk;.
,J Xuq;fl;lg;gl;l ,isQH FOf;fs;kPJ czHjpwidf;
fhz;gpg;gJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplakhFk;. ,J rpWghd;ik
,dj;Jtf;FOf;fs; kw;Wk; kjf;FOf;fs;> khw;Wj;jpwd;
16 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 17
nfhz;l FOf;fs; kw;Wk; Kd;dhs; Nghuhspfs; vd;Nghiur;
NrHe;j ,isQH Atjpfis cs;slf;FtjhFk;. murpay;
<LghLnfhz;l> Jbg;ghd ,isQH FOf;fs; cs;sdH. ,tHfs;
mNdfkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; mjpfhhpfSld; NkhJtjhy;>
rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; jPtpu Nkhjy;epiyfSk; cUthfpd;wd.
,f;FOf;fis NkYk; mHj;jKs;s> Mf;fG+Htkhd topf-
spy; ifahSk; topfisf; fz;lwptJ ,isQH kj;jpapy;
td;nray;fs; guthky; jLg;gjw;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
5.4 gy;NtW fy;tp kl;lq;fspYs;s ,isQH Atjpfs
,isQH gphptpd; Kjdpiyg; gz;GfSs; xd;W tpjpKiwahd
fy;tpapy; caHthd mstpy; gq;Nfw;wpUg;gjhFk;. vt;thwhapDk;
tpjpKiwahd fy;tpKiwikapypUe;J ntspNaWk; NtW-
ghlhd re;jHg;gq;fs; cs;sd. ,r;re;jHg;gq;fspy; NtWgLk;
tpUg;Gj;njhpTfis mtHfSf;F toq;FtJ mtrpankd;gij
mq;fPfhpg;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
cjhuzkhf> rhjhuzjuf; fy;tpapd; gpd;dUk;>
caHjuf;fy;tpapd; gpd;dUk; cs;s fhyg;gFjp ,isQH> Atjpf-
spd; fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;Njitfs; G+Hj;jpnra;ag;glNtz;ba
,U jPHkhdfukhd re;jHg;gq;fshFk;. tpjpKiwahd fy;tpapy;
jw;NghJ ,isQHfs; Fiwe;jstpy; gq;Nfw;gJk; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;glNtz;ba xU gpur;rpidahFk;.
ghlrhiyfspypUe;J ,iltpyfpNahH (mjpFiwthd tpjpKi-
wahd fy;tpiaf;$l G+Hj;jpnra;ahNjhH) tplaj;jpYk; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gLtJ mtrpakhFk;. jw;Nghija fy;tp Ki-
wik rhjhuzjuk; kw;Wk; caHjuk; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd
,,ilntsp, fhyg;gFjp kw;Wk; caHjuk; kw;Wk;
gy;fiyf;fof mDkjp vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd ,ilnt-
spf; fhyg;gFjp vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,t;tpU
re;jHg;gq;fspYk; fy;tpiaj;njhlu vz;Zk; ,isQH>
Atjpfs; ,yf;F itf;fg;gLk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspypUe;J
mD$yj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ rhj;jpakhFk;.
5.5 Atjpfs;
ghy;epiy mgptpUj;jpf; Fwpfhl;bfspy; ,yq;if epahakhd
msTf;F Kd;Ndw;wq;fis fhz;gpj;jNtisapYk;> Atjp-
fisg; ghjpf;Fk; rpy ghuJ}ukhd gpur;rpidfs; cs;sd.
ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;nray;fs; kw;Wk; ghy-
pay; njhe;juT Fwpj;j rk;gtq;fs; ftiyA+l;Lk; msTf;F
mjpfhpj;Js;sd. tshpsk; gUtj;jpdH fHg;gpzpfshjy;>
kw;Wk; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfq;fspd; vz;zpf;iffs; Atjpfs;
Ruz;ly;> td;nray; kw;Wk; njhy;iyfSf;F ,yFtpy;
gypahfpd;wdH vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
ngz;fs; caHthd vz;zpf;iffspy; fy;tpapy;
gq;Fgw;wpaNghJk; ngz;fs; ciog;gpy; gq;Nfw;gjpy; me;jsT
cau;thd Gs;sptpguq;fs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. ,it ,sk;
ngz;fs; Ntiytha;g;Gfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; epyTk;
fyhrhu kw;Wk; r%fj;jilfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
5.6 fpuhkpa ,isQHfSk; AtjpfSk;
fy;tp> Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; Xa;TNeug; Gj;JzHr;rpr;
nraw;ghLfs; vd;git ,d;dKk; efHg;Gwg; gpuNjrq;fspNyNa
nghpJk; nrwpthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tsHe;JtUk; ,g;gpuhe;jpa
Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; gy tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. re;jHg;gq;fs>;
tha;g;Gfisj; Njbf;nfhs;tjw;fhf ,isQH> Atjpfs; jhd;
rhh;e;Js;s kf;;fspilNa ntspNa js;sg;gLfpd;wdH. ,J
Vida r%fg; gpur;rpidfSf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yfpd;wJ. ,NjN-
tisapy; fpuhkpa kf;fs; jkJ kpfTk; Jbg;ghd rf;jp tha;e;j
kdpj %y tsq;fis ,oe;JtpLfpd;wd.
5.7 Fiwe;j tUkhdk; nfhz;l efHg;Gw ,isQH Atjpfs;
Fiwe;j tUkhdk; nfhz;l efHg;Gw ,isQH> Atjpfs;
mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLNthuhf ,Ug;gjhy;>
gy rthy;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;fpd;wdH. tof;fkhf ,yFt-
py; Fw;wtpay; eltbf;iffspy; <Lglf;$batHfs; vd;Dk;
tir> mtJ}WfSf;F MshFk; ,tHfs; rl;lj;ij
eilKiwg;gLj;JNthhpd; ,yf;FfshfTk; gy Nrit
toq;FeHfshy; Xuq;fl;lg;gLNthUkhf khWfpd;wdH. ,e;j
,isQH FOtpd; Fwpj;Jiug;ghd rthy;fSk;> fhpridf; ft-
iyfSk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;L> mtw;Wf;Fj; jPHTfs; fpilj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
5.8 rl;lj;Jld; Kuz;gLk; ,isQH Atjpfs
rl;lj;Jld; Kuz;gLk; ,isQH> Atjpfs; Fwpj;j Clf
mwpf;iffs; ngUfptUifapy;> ePjpj;Jiw ,isQHfs;
tplaj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; gpujptpisT fhz;gpg;gij
cWjpnra;tjw;fhd mtruj; NjitAs;sJ. jw;NghJs;s rp-
WtH kw;Wk; ,staJ egHfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; 16 taJf;F
Nkw;gl;ltHfs; tplaj;jpy; nghUe;jpaiktjpy;iy. ,t;tplak;
njhlu;ghf jpu;khdpg;gjw;F ePjp mikr;R Kd;ndLg;Gfis
Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ. rl;lj;Jld; ,staJ egHfSf;F Vw;gLk;
mDgtk; mtHfspd; vjpHfhyj;ijg; ghuJ}ukhdti-
fapy; ghjpf;ff;$Lk;. fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpapy; rPHFiyT>
KjpHr;rpaile;j kPz;Lk;> kPz;Lk; jtWfisg; Ghpfpd;wtHfSld;
rfthrk; Vw;gLjy; kw;Wk; mtHfspd; cUthf;ff; fhyg;gFjpapy;
Vw;glf;$ba r%f tir> mtJ}Wfs; r%f kw;Wk; cst-
pay; jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jf;$baitahFk;. J\;gpuNahfk;>
ifjp ,y;yk;> ghypay; njhopyhspfs; Nghd;wit fhuzkhf>
rl;lj;Jld; Kuz;glf; $ba tifapy; mikag;ngw;wpUf;Fk;
,isQu;fis mZff;$ba khw;Wtopfis fz;Lgpbj;jypYk;
,e;j tpisTfisf; Fiwg;gjpYk; ,J ftdk; nrYj;jp
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
5.9 ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw ,isQH Atjpfs
ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw ,isQH> Atjpfs; kpfTk; jdpj;jd;ik
tha;e;j topfspy; mtHfspd; mgptpUj;jpiaj; jilnra;Ak;
Vw;ghLfs; nghUshjhu Kiwikfspd;fPo; tUfpd;wdH. rfy
nfhs;iffSk; ,j;jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;j epiyikfSf;Ff;
ftdk; nrYj;jp> ,f;FOtpdhpd; fhpridfis ftdj;jpw;f;
nfhz;L jPHT toq;Fk; toptiffis mgptpUj;jpnra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
5.10 khw;Wj;jpwd; nfhz;l ,isQH> Atjpfs
khw;Wj;jpwd;nfhz;l ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F tpNrlkhd
Njitfs; cs;sd. ,tHfSf;F> rkj;Jtkhd tha;g;Gfs;
gq;Nfw;G kw;Wk; Nghjpa %ytsq;fis xJf;fpaspj;jy;
vd;gd mtrpag;gLfpd;wd.
18 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 19
mj;jpahak;; 6
Kf;fpa cj;jp tplag;gug;GfSk;>
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfSk
,e;j mj;jpahak; nfhs;if tpsf;fq;fSf;fhd
tplag;gug;GfisAk;> tpjg;GiufisAk; ,dq;fhZfpd;wJ.
,isQH> Atjpfisg; ghjpf;Fk; tptfhuq;fs; gy;Jiwj;jd;ik
nfhz;litahf ,Ug;gjhy;> Fwpj;Jiug;ghd JiwfSf;F rpy
,dq;fhzg;gl;l nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
6.1 Education
,yq;if Kjdpiy> ,uz;lhk; epiy kw;Wk; %d;whk; epi-
yf; fy;tpia cs;slf;Fk; tifapyhd ,ytrf; fy;tpapd;
tpisthfg; gy Kd;Ndw;wq;fis <l;bAs;sJ. ,yq;if gy
nkr;Rjw;Fhpa kdpj mgptpUj;jpf; Fwpfhl;bfisf; nfhz;l
ehlhFk;. mjw;F Kjdpiyahd fhuzk; gy jrhg;jq;fshf
epytptUk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd ,ytrf; fy;tpf;nfhs;ifahFk;.
ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd ,isQH> Atjpfs; fy;tp
eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;Ls;sjhy; ,e;j mj;jpthuq;fs; kPJ
fl;bnaOg;gg;gLtJk; mit tYg;gLj;jg;gLtJk; mtrpa-
khFk;. fy;tpj;Jiwapy; fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpidfs; mtHfspd;
ey;tho;T kw;Wk; tsHr;rp Fwpj;j czHTfspy; Neubahd
jhf;fj;ijr; nrYj;JgitahFk;..
fy;tpj;JiwapYs;s tpku;rdj;Jf;Fupa gpur;rpidfs;
gpd;tUkhW:
I. rfy kl;lq;fspYKs;s fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rp
epWtdq;fspilNa %ytsq;fs; kw;Wk; juk; rk;ge;jkhf
fhzg;gLk; tsHe;JtUk; Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;
II. fy;tpapd; MFnryTfs; mjpfhpg;gjhy; ,isQHfs;
fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; kl;Lg;ghLfs; cs;sd
III. gpukhzg;gLj;jg;glhj jdpahH fy;tp epWtfq;fs;
mjpfhpj;J tUjy;
IV. %d;whk; epiy kw;Wk; caHfy;tpf;fhd
mjpfhpj;JtUk; Nfs;tpiag; G+Hj;jp nra;aKbahj epiy
V. njhopy; topfhl;lypd; juf;FiwT
VI. jw;Nghija fy;tpj;jpl;lj;jpd; caHthd Nghl;bj;
jd;ik kw;Wk; kd mOj;jq;fs; cs;spl;ltifapy;
fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,iaGk; juKk;
VII. fy;tp Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; epHthfj;Jiwfis
murpay;kag;gLj;jYk; ,uhZtkag;gLj;jYk;
VIII. fw;gpj;jy; njhopypd; me;j];J Fiwtile;J
nry;tJk; thz;ikj;Jtk; NghjpasT fhzg;glhikAk;
IX. Ntfkhf khWk; fy;tpr;#oypy; Mrpupau;fspd; mwpTk;
jpwd;fSk; ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;lik
X. gy;NtW fhuzq;fspdhy; guPl;ir Kiwik kPjhd
ek;gpf;if ,of;fg;gl;bUj;jy;
XI. mur fy;tp Kiwikapy; tpidj;jpwd; ,d;ik>
Nkhrkhd juk; kw;Wk; mbf;fb ,lk;ngWk; rPHFiyTfs;
Fwpj;j tsHe;JtUk; Gyf;fhl;r fhuzkhf nghJkf;fs;
ek;gpf;if ,oj;jy;
20 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 21
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs;
I. 2009 ,y; tFj;jikf;fg;gl;l ,yq;ifapy; nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa fy;tpr;rl;lk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;
II. fl;lhaf;fy;tp rk;ge;jkhd tanjy;iyia 16 tiu ePbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
III. ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; cld;ghL fhzg;gl;l midj;Jyf ju epakq;fisg; G+Hj;jpnra;Ak;tifapy; fy;tpf;fhd %ytsq;fs; xJf;fpaspj;jiy mjpfhpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
IV. Ml;NrHg;igj; jug;gLj;jp> fy;tp Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; epHthfj;jpy; thz;ikj;Jtj;ij tYg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;
V. Vw;wj;jho;Tfisf; Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; rYifaw;w fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;
VI. Mq;fpy nkhopapYk; Vida Njrpa nkhopf-spYk; NjHr;rpia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd Nghjpa %ytsq;fis toq;fp> tYg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;
VII. ,yq;ifapy; khw;Wj;jpwd; nfhz;ltHfSf;fhd Njrpaf;nfhs;ifapy; (2003) fhzg;gLk; mid-tiuAk; cs;slf;Fk; fy;tp rk;ge;jkhd tpjg;Giufis eilKiwg;gLj;Jjy;
VIII. caHf;fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; mjpfhpf;Fk; tifapy; njhiyf;fy;tp Nghd;w khw;Wf;fy;tp Clfq;fis tYg;gLj;Jjy;
IX. fy;tp njhlu;ghlYf;F Gjpa njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;
X. ntspafj; jiyaPLfs; kw;Wk; nry;thf;F vd;gtw;iw mjpFiwthf;Fk; mNjNtisapy;> khztH rq;fq;fis tYg;gLj;JtjD}lhf fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; ,isQH> Atjpfspd; gq;Nfw;ig mjpfhpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;
XI. fy;tp epWtdq;fs; kj;jpapy; Ez;rpe;jid fyhrhuj;ijAk; Fbapay; <Lghl;bidAk; Nkk;gLj;jy;
XII. ghlrhiyfspy;/gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; NghjpasT gapw;rp;ngw;w njhopy;rhH ty;YdHfspD}lhf tho;f;ifg;gzp topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; fy;tprhH MNyhridfs;> rhj;jpats Ntiytoq;FeHfspd; jfty;fSld; jhgpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J ,staJ eghpd; MHtq;fs;> tYthd mk;rq;fs; kw;Wk; Mw;wy;fisf; fzpg;gPL nra;J tho;f;ifg;gzp tpUg;Gj;njhopy; rk;ge;jkhd fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; njhpT Fwpj;J topfhl;Ltij cs;slf;FtjhFk;
XIII. ghlrhiyapy; ,y;yhj tpNrlkhf ,iltpyfpa ,isQHfSf;F njhlHfy;tp rk;ge;jkhd Kiwrhu; fy;tp eltbf;iffis tYg;gLj;Jjy;.
XIV. tpahghu Nehf;fkw;w jdpahu;Jiw fy;tpia Cf;Ftpj;jy
6.2 jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jpAk; tho;f;ifj; njhopw;gapw;rpAk
jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jpAk; tho;f;ifj; njhopw;gapw;rpAk;> xU tPr;rhd ghuk;gupakw;w Ntiytha;g;Gfis ehLk; ghh-pa vz;zpf;ifapduhd ,isQHfspd; NjitfSf;F ,zf;fkhdjhf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. Gjpjhfg; ghpzkpf;Fk; nghUshjhug; gpuNjrq;fspy; gy njhopy; tha;g;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Wf;F caHthd juj;jpyhd jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jpAk; gapw;rpAk; mtrpag;gLfpd;wd. rkPgj;jpy; TVET Jiw ,yq;ifapy; Jhpjkhf tpahgpj;Js;s mNjNtisapy;
ftdk; nrYj;jNtz;ba gy gpur;rpidfSk; cs;sd.
I. jpwDs;s ciog;ghsH gzpf;F chpa mq;fPfhuNkh> r%f me;j];Njh Fiwthf cs;sik
II. gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; jw;NghJs;s tho;f;ifj; njhopy; gapw;rp tpjpKiwahd Jiwapy; Ntiytha;g;ig Nehf;fp nraw;glhik
III. Njrpa NjHr;rp ju epakq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,ilntspfs;
IV. mjpFiwthf $yp kw;Wk; jpwd;ngw;w ciog;ghsH gzpapy; njhopy; kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj; juepakq;fs; Nghd;w mjp-Fiwthd njhopyhsH juepakq;fs; Fiwthf fhzg;gLjy;
V. tho;f;ifj; njhopw;gapw;rp epWtfq;fspilNa $l;bizg;G kw;Wk;; juepakq;fs; Fiwthf fhzg;gLjy;
VI. njhopy;rhu; Nghjdhrpupau;fs; Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpy; fhzg;gLjy;
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs;
I. jpwd;gilj;j njhopy;rhH kw;Wk; kuGrhuhj; njhopy;fs; rk;ge;jkhd tpopg;GzHit mjpfhpj;jy;
II. TVET fy;tp newpfSf;F khdpak; toq;fg;gl;l fl;lzf; fl;likg;Gfis mwpKfk; nra;jy;
III. tho;f;ifj; njhopw;gapw;rp epWtfq;fs; xg;Gjy; mjp-fhuk; ngWtijAk; NjHr;rp mbg;gilapyhd gapw;rpfis elj;JtijAk; cWjpnra;jy;
IV. jpwd;gilj;j ciog;ghsH gzpfSf;F Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba njhopy; juepakq;fis jhgpj;jy;
V. ftu;r;rpahd rk;gs msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ji-fikAila njhopy; rhu; uPjpahd Nghjdhrpupau;fis Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;.
6.3 ,isQH Ntiytha;g;G
fle;j jrhg;jj;jpy; ,isQH Ntiyapd;ik rpwpa msTf-spy; Fiwtile;Js;sNghjpYk;> gpur;rpid ,d;dKk; tprdkspg;gjhfNt cs;sJ. ,g;gpur;rpidf;F fzprkhdsT ftdk;; nrYj;jg;gl;lNghjpYk;> gy nfhs;if Kd;Kaw;rpfs; NghJkhdsTf;F eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,isQH Ntiytha;g;Gf;Fwpj;j fye;Jiuahly; fy;tpf;Fk;> ciog;ghsH re;ijf;F kpilahyhd ,,ilntsp, vd;Dk; vspikg;gLj;jpa fUj;Jf;Fk; mg;ghy; fy;tpj;JiwapYs;s gpur;rpidfisAk; mNjNghd;W njhopyhsH re;ij kl;Lg;ghLfisAk; Ma;Tnra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,isQHfs;> tpN-rlkhff; Fiwthd fy;tpr; rhjidfSld; cs;NshH kw;Wk; ,yFtpy; ghjpg;Gwf;$ba r%fg; nghUshjhug; gpd;dzpfisf; nfhz;Nlhh; tof;fkhf tho;f;ifg; gzp Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; gapw;rp tha;g;Gfs; rk;ge;jkhf vJtpj ghJfhg;Gkw;w tpjpKiwaw;w JiwfspNyNa gzpahw;Wfpd;wdH.,isQH Ntiytha;g;G rk;ge;jkhd jPHkhdfukhd fhprid tplaq;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.
I. gbj;j ,isQu;fs; jkJ jFjpf;F Fiwe;j Ntiy-ia nra;jy;II. fpuhk kl;lj;jpYk; ngz;fs; kj;jpapYk; mjpf Ntiyapd;ik
III. Ntiyf;F Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; eilKiwfspy; ntspg;gil jd;ikapd;ik
IV. ,isQu; kj;jpapy; gy;NtWgl;l njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; cUthf;Ftjpy; ghuk;gupa r%f rpe;jidfs; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jjy;
V. gpuhe;jpaq;fSf;fpilapyhd njhopy; tha;g;G NtW-ghLfs;
VI. Kiwrhuh nghUshjhuj;jpy; ,isQu; mjpfk; gq;nfLj;jhYk; mj;Jiwf;F mjpfsthd ghJfhg;gpd;ik> Fiwe;j gl;r Cjpa eilKiw fhzg;glhik
nfhs;if ,ilaPL
I. 2007 Mk; Mz;by; tFf;fg;gl;l ,isQu;fSf;fhd Njrpa Ntiytha;g;G nraw;jpl;lj;ij kPs;guprPyid nra;J cupa jpUj;jq;fSld; mKy;gLj;jy;
II. mur> jdpahu; kw;Wk; mur rhu;gw;w Jiwf-spy; Ntiytha;g;ig gy;tifg;gLj;jYk;> Ntiytha;g;G tiyaikg;G kw;Wk; gy;jug;gl;l Ntiytha;g;Gfs; njhlu;ghf ,isQUf;F tpopg;G+l;LjYk;
III. Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd mgptpUj;jp Ntiyfspy; Fwpg;ghf tWik xopg;G> kdpjts mgptpUj;jp> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,isQu; rhu;ghd NtiyfisAk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sy;
IV. njhopy; epakq;fisAk; Kiwrhuh nghUshjhuj;jpy; <LgLNthupd; ghJfhg;igAk; cWjpnra;jy;V. mur Ntiytha;g;Gfspy; jpwikf;F Kf;fpakspf;Fk; eilKiwfis gpd;gw;Wjy;
VI. Ntiytha;g;ig toq;Ftjpy; Vw;gLk; KiwN-fLfis tprhupf;f cupa fl;likg;ig cUthf;FjYk;> nghJr; Nritfs; Mizf;FOtpd; jdpj;Jtj;ij NgzYk;
VII. murhq;f njhopy; rk;ke;jkhd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; Kd;dwptpg;Gf;fis nfhLf;Fk; nghwpKiw xd;iw Vw;gLj;jy;VIII. Ranjhopy; Kaw;rpfis Cf;Ftpj;jYk;> tu;j;jf rk;Nksdq;fSld; njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;jYk;
IX. ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;ig ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ghlnewpfis mwpKfg;gLj;jy;
X. jdpahu; JiwapdUld; njhlu;ghly;fis Vw;gLj;jp> ,isQu; Ntiytha;g;Gf;F jilahf cs;s fhuzp-fis ,dq;fhZjYk; Nky;khfhzk; Nghd;w Fwpg;gpl;l ,lq;fspy; kl;Lky;yhky; Vida ,lq;fspYk; jdpahu;Jiw Ntiythg;Gfis Cf;Ftpj;jYk;
XI. njhopy; rk;ge;jkhd topfhl;ly;fis ,isQu;fSf;F toq;FjYk; cupa gapw;rpfis mtu;fs; njupTnra;a topfhl;LjYk;
XII. Ranjhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;F Njitahd Kjy;> njhopEl;gk; kw;Wk; jfty;fs; vd;gd ,isQu;fSf;F fpilf;f topnra;jy;XIII. vy;yhj;JiwfspYk; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjd Kiwia mKy;gLj;jy
6.4 FbapaYk; FbAhpikAk;
rptpy; r%fj;jpy; ,isQH Atjpfspd; gq;Nfw;G Fiwe;J tUfpd;wJ my;yJ gy;NtW murpay; fl;rpfNshL neUf;fkhf ,izg;Gw;Ws;sJ. ,isQHfs; Atjpfs; fw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> gy;NtW murpay; jj;JthHj;jq;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F> Rje;jpuk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;NjhL mtHfSf;F fl;rp murpaypy; rk;ge;jKwhky; rptpy;r%f Kd;Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mNdfkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; mjpfhuj;jpYs;s kw;Wk; mjpfhuj;jpypy;yhj murpay; fl;rpfs; jk; tpUg;gk;Nghy; ,isQH> Atjpfis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. murpay; epfo;r;rp epuy;fSld; ,isQH> Atjpfis mzpjpul;Ltjw;fhf rpy Ntisfspy; mur %ytsq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapYs;s mN-dfkhd ,isQH ,af;fq;fs; murpay; fl;rpfSlDk; mur-pay; gpuKfHfSlDk;> ,ize;jpUg;gJk; ,isQHfspd; Rje;jpukhd Kd;Kaw;rpfs; kpfTk; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLtJk;
kpfTk; Jujp\;l trkhdjhFk;.
,isQH kj;jpapy; rptpy; r%fg; gq;Nfw;G ,y;yhjpUg;gJ r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j tplaq;fspy; mtHfspd; mf;fiwaPdk; kw;Wk; MHtk; ,d;ik vd;gtw;wpy; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. ,isQh;> Atjpfs; mjpfhpj;jtifapy; Vkhw;wk;> tpuf;jp nfhz;ltHfshfTk; murpay;> Fbapay; <LghL kw;Wk; rkhjh-dkhd r%f epiykhw;wk; Fwpj;j rhj;jpaf;$W vd;gtw;wpy; ek;gpf;if ,oe;Jk; tUfpd;wdH. mtHfs; $Ljyhf jd-pegH Fwp ,yf;Ffs; kPJk;> jdpg;gl;l Mirfs; rk;ge;jkhd Kaw;rpfspYk; ftdk; nrYj;jp tUfpd;wdH. jPHT fhzg;glNtz;ba jPHkhdfukhd gpur;rpidfs; gpd;tUkhW:
I. rptpy; r%f Kd;Kaw;rpfspy; ,isQH> Atjpfs; gq;Nfw;gJ Fiwe;J tUjy;
II. ,isQH ,af;fq;fspy; murpay;hPjpahd jiyaPLfs;III. Fbapay; kw;Wk; r%f <LghLfSf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; Fiwe;J tUjy;
IV. ,isQh;> Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; Fbapay; kw;Wk; mur-pay; epWtdq;fs; rk;ge;jkhd tpRthrKk;> ek;gpf;ifAk; Fi-wtiljy;
V. jiyikj;Jtj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;GtJ rk;ge;jkhd fz;fhzpg;G nray;Kiw ,y;yhjpUj;jy;;
VI. ghlrhiy ghltpjhdj;jpDs; Fbapay; fy;tp Mf;ff;$W ,y;yhjpUj;jy
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs I. ,isQH> AtjpfSf;fhd [dr%f Nritnahd;iw ];jhgpj;J> jd;dhHtj; njhz;Lg; gzpfis Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
II. ,isQH kj;jpapy; kpfr;rpwg;ghd [dr%f Nritf;F mq;fPfhuk; toq;Fk; xU ntFkjp Kiwikia Vw;gLj;Jjy;
III. RahjPdkhd ,isQH kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jk; rptpy; r%f Kd;Kaw;rpfSf;F Cf;fkspj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
IV. ,sk; guhaj;jpdH ePjp Kiwikfis kPsha;T nra;J> epWtdq;fspy; xg;gilg;gjw;F gjpyhf Nkw;ghHitAld; $ba rdr%f Nritia cs;slf;Fk; tifapyhd jpUj;jq;fis Kd;itj;jy;
V. midj;J Nju;jy; njhFjpfspYk; ,isQu;fSf;fhd Nfhl;lh Kiwia cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;
VI. ,isQH FOf;fspd; elkhl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; xd;WNrHtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; vd;gtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffis vLj;jy;
VII. rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfs;> nghWg;Gfs; kw;Wk; flg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; ,isQH fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; ,isQh; jiyikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis Vw;gLj;Jjy;
6.5 ,isQH gzpj;;JiwapDs; thz;ikj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy
jw;Nghija ,isQH gzp ,isQH> Atjpfspd; mgptpUj;jpj; NjitfSf;Ff; ftdk; nrYj;jhj NkypUe;J fPo;Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; mZFKiwnad;W njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J xU gq;Nfw;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp mZFKiwnahd;W ghpzkpg;gjw;Fj; jilahfTs;sJ. ,isQu; gzpia tUlk; KOtJk; ,lk;ngWk; gy;NtW jpl;lq;fspd; gpuf-huk; ehL KOtJk; xNu rPuhd Kiwapy; elj;jpr;nry;Yk; gpujhd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd; epfo;T Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;Wk; miof;fyhk;. ,J fpuhkpa kl;lq;fspy; ,isQH cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; Gj;jhf;f Kiwapy; nrayhw;Wk; ,aY-ikia kl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. nghJthfNt ,yq;ifapy; ,isQH gzpnad;gJ r%fg; gzpfs; my;yJ mwf;nfhil
22 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 23
Ntiyfspd; xU khw;W tbtkhfNt Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wNjad;wp mJnthU jdpr;rpwg;G tha;e;j njhopy;rhH tifg;gphpthf Nehf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,isQH cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; Kuz;ghlhd ghj;jpuq;fis tfpf;FkhW Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wdH. ,r;re;jHg;gq;fspy; mtHfs; fpuhkpa kl;lq;fspy; murpay; mzpjpul;ly; Ntiyfspy; <Lgl;bUg;gij mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. ,J ,isQH cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; njhopy;rhH Nritfis toq;Ftjpy; vjpHNehf;Fk; rthy;fis tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,isQH Nritf;fhd Ml;NrHg;Gfs; rhjhuzjug; ghPl;irNghd;w mjpFiwthd fy;tpj;jifikfspd; mbg;gilapNyNa ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.
,isQH gzpahsHfSf;fhd njhopy;rhH fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpf;fhd tha;g;GfSk; ,y;yhjepiyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,isQu;fSf;fhf r%fk;> rkak; kw;Wk; Vida epWtdq;fis rhu;e;j gq;fspg;gpid cWjp nra;tjw;F ,f;nfhs;ifAk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,j;jifa Muk;gk; ve;jtifapYk; ,isQu;fspd; njhopy;rhu; Kaw;rpfis Gwe;js;sptpl;ljhf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
jPHkhdfukhd gpur;rpidfs;
I. ,isQH gzp xU jdpr;rpwg;Gtha;e;j> njhopy;rhH tifg;gphpthf ,d;dKk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
II. ,isQH Nritfs; njhlHe;Jk; xU NkypUe;J fPohd mZFKiwfisNa gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd
III. jw;NghJs;s ,isQH NritapDs; mjpf-hu tYT+l;ly; njhlHgpyhd gpur;rpidfSf;Ff; ftdk; nrYj;jg;glhik
IV. ,isQH gzpahsHfSf;fhd njhlHr;rpahd fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; ,y;yhik
V. ,isQh Nritfs; epHthfj;jpd; murpay;kakhf;fy; fhuzkhfg; gpuhe;jpa ,isQH FOf;fspilNa Xuq;fl;ly; czHT Vw;gl;Ls;sJ
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs;
I. ,isQH gzpia xU jdpr;rpwg;Gkpf;f njhopy;rhH tifg;gphpthf mq;fPfhpj;jy;
II. RahjPdkhd njhopy;rhH epGzHfshy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLk; ,isQH gzpahsHfspd; njhopy;rhH mikg;nghd;iw epWTjy;
III. ,isQH gzpf;fy;tpiaAk; gapw;rpiaAk; Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;wp> XH ,isQH gzpahsuhf Ml;NrHg;G nra;ag;gLtjw;F ,isQH gzpf;fy;tpia xU Kd;dpge;jidahf;Fjy;
IV. ,isQH gzp rk;ge;jkhd njhopy; juepakq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; njhopy;rhh; jifik epiy mbg;gilapy; ,isQH gzpahsHfSf;F chpkq;fis toq;Ftjw;Fk; mtrpakhd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy;
V. ,isQu; rk;ke;jkhf Ntiy nra;NthupilNa njhopy;thz;ik nghWg;Gf;$wy;> ntspg;gil jd;ik Nghd;w caupa juq;fis Cf;Ftpj;jy;
6.6 RfhjhuKk; ey;tho;Tk;
S,yq;ifapd; ,ytr Rfhjhuf; nfhs;if mjd; Fbkf;fspd; Rfhjhu epiy Nkk;ghliltjpy; ghhpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fisf; nfhzHe;Js;sJ. ,Njtpjkhd mgptpUj;jp kl;lj;jpYs;s Vida ehLfSld; xg;gpLifapy; ,yq;ifapd; Rfhjhuf; Fwpfhl;bfs; Kd;Ndw;wfukhditahFk;. ,r;#oiktpDs;Sk;> ,yq;ifapy; $l;LwTj; njhlHG%yk; gytif Neha;fSf;fhd mjpfhpf;Fk; tifapyhd ,lH-tuTf; fhuzpfs; epyTtjhYk;> ,yq;ifapy; Rfhjhuj;ijj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; r%fhPjpahd fhuzpfis tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJk;>
Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ey;tho;T rk;ge;jkhd gy;Jiw mZFKi-wiaf; iff;nfhs;tJk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk; ,isQHfs;> Atjpfs; nghWg;Gtha;e;j tpUg;Gj;njhpTfis Nkw;nfhs;s cjTk; Mw;wiyAk;> mwpitAk; mtHfSf;F toq;FtJk; ,j;njhpTfisg; gpuNahfpf;f$ba tifapy-hd MjuTr;#oiy cWjpnra;tJk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,yq;ifapy; ,isQH>Atjpfs; vjpHNehf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd Rfhjhug; gpur;rpidfs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.
I. ePhpopT> caH ,uj;j mOj;jk;> ,ja kw;Wk; FUjp rk;ge;jkhd tpahjpfs; Nghd;w $l;LwTj; njhlHG topfshy; guthj tpahjpfSf;fhd ,lHtuTf; fhuzpfs; mjpfhpj;jy;
II. ghypay; kw;Wk; ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuk;; rk;ge;jkhd jfty;fs; FiwthftpUg;gJk; ,isQH MjuT Nritfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahjpUg;gJk;
III. ,isQH> Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; Ra-jPq;F kw;Wk; jw;nfhiy ,lHfs; mjpfhpj;jy;
IV. ,isQHfs; kj;jpapy; Nghijg; nghUs; J\;gpuNahfk; mjpfhpj;jy;
V. ,isQH AtjpfSf;F Nghjpa mstpyhd tpopg;GzHT kw;Wk; njhopy;rhH csts MNyhrid Nritfs; ,y;yhik nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs;
I. ,staJ egHfspd; Rfhjhuk; rk;ge;jkhd Njrpaf; nfhs;ifiaAk; (2011)> tshpsk; gUtj;jpdhpd; Rfhjhuk; rk;ge;jkhd Njrpa cjtpj;jpl;lj;ijAk; eilKiwg;gLj;jy; (2013-2017)
II. ,isQH MjuT Rfhjhu epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; fpl;LtijAk; mtw;wpd; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtijAk; cWjpnra;jy;
III. ghlrhiy Rfhjhu epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis kPsha;Tnra;J Nkk;gLj;JjYk;> ghlrhiykl;lj;jpy; Rfhjhuf;fy;tpia tp];jhpj;J tYg;gLj;JtJk;> gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}hpfs; kw;Wk; tho;f;ifj; njhopy; gapw;rp epWtfq;fs; cs;spl;ltifapy; caHf;fy;tpj;Jiwf;Ff; nghUj;jkhdtifapy; ,r;Nritfisj; njhlHe;J toq;Fjy;
IV. r%f kl;lj;jpy; cstpay; r%f Nritfisj; jhgpj;jy;
V. ,isQH> Atjpfspd; Rfhjhug; gpur;rpidfSf;F jPHTfhZk; tifapy; Rfhjhuj; njhopy;rhH epGzHfspd; Mw;wiyf;fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
VI. ghypay; td;nray; kw;Wk; ,y;yj;jpy; J\;gpuNahfq;fspy; ghjpg;Gw;w ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; MjuT Nritfis toq;Fjy;
VII. tho;f;ifg; ghzpAld; njhlHGw;w tpahjpfs; rk;ge;jkhf ,isQH> Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; tpopg;GzHit mjpfhpg;gJk; cly; njhopw;ghLfs;> MNuhf;fpakhd tho;f;ifg; ghzpfs; kw;Wk; Cl;lk;rhH gof;ftof;fq;fis Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;WtJk;
VIII. ,lHtuT elj;ijfisj; jtpHf;Fk;tifapy; jPHkh-dk; Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; tpkHrdhPjpahd rpe;jid Fwpj;j tho;f;ifj; jpwd;fis Nkk;gLj;Jjy;
6.7 r%f hPjpapy; Gwe;js;SifAk; ghugl;rKk;
,yq;ifapy; ngUkstpyhd r%f Xuq;fl;lYk;> ghugl;rq;fSk; epyTtjhf ,isQH> Atjpfs; epidf;fpd;wdH. ,J nt-WkNd ,isQH kj;jpapyhd jtwhd csg;ghq;FFwpj;j gpur;rpiday;y. khwhf cs;Suhl;rpr; rigfspy; xU Ntiyiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ Kjy; NkYk; ghuJ}
ukhd tplaq;fshfpa fy;tpiaAk;> Ntiytha;g;igAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJtiuapYkhd mtHfspd; md;whl mDgtq;fspypUe;J vOtjhFk;. Xuq;fl;lYk; ghugl;rKk; ntWkNd taJ rk;ge;jkhf vOtjy;y> khwhf ghy;epiy> ,dj;Jtepiy murpay; njhlHgpizg;Gfs; Nghd;w nry;thf;Ff;Fiwthd r%fg; nghUshjhu gpd;dzpfisr; NrHe;j ,isQH> Atjpfis ghuJ}ukhfg; ghjpf;Fk; Vida fhuzpfspd; ,ize;j jhf;fq;fshy; Vw;gLk; tpisth-Fk;. ,it vspjhfj; jPHTf;fhzf;$ba gpur;rpidfs; my;y. khwhf> ,it ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; epyTk; kpfTk; mbg;gilahd r%f> fyhrhu eilKiwfs; Fwpj;j tp-kHrd hPjpahd rpe;jidia mtrpag;gLj;JgitahFk; ,it gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.
I. ,isQH> Atjpfspd; fyhrhuj;njhpTfis kl;Lg;gLj;Jk;> r%f hPjpapy; ,zq;fpr;nry;Yk; eilKiwfs;
II. mNdfkhf rfy tbtq;fspYkhd r%f <Lghl;L epfo;Tfspy; murpay; rYifepiyfspy; $Ljyhfj; jq;fpapUj;jy;
III. nghJ epWtdq;fspd; RahjPdk; eyptiljy;
IV. rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;JNthH muR mjpfhhpj;Jtthjk; kw;Wk; ePjpj;Jiw vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ ,isQH> Atjpfspd; mjpfhpj;JtUk; ek;gpf;ifaPdk;
V. ,dj;Jtk;> tHf;fk; kw;Wk; rhjp Kjypa fhuzp-fisj; jOtpa Gwf;fzpg;G
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs;
I. r%f ghugl;rk; rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fis toq;Fk; Kjyhk;epiy kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk;; epiyf; fy;tp ghltpjhdq;fis kPsha;T nra;J mtw;iwj; jpUj;jpaikj;jy;
II. Kf;fpaj; Jiwfspy; rktha;g;Gf; nfhs;iffis> tpNrlkhf Ntiyf;F Ml;NrHg;G nra;tjpy; rktha;g;Gf; nfhs;iffis mgptpUj;jp nra;J kPsha;T kw;Wk; eilKiwg;gLj;jYf;fhd Kiwikfisj; jhgpj;jy;
III. xspT kiwtpd;ikiaAk; tifg;nghWg;igAk; nghJj;Jiwapy; jfty;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tijAk; tYg;gLj;Jjy;
IV. ghugl;rk; kw;Wk; Xuq;fl;ly; rk;gtq;fSf;Fg; gjpy; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba XH ,isQH> tptfhu ghuhSkd;w MizahsH Kiwikia Vw;gLj;Jjy;
V. FLk;g rdr%f kw;Wk; Njrpa kl;lq;fspy; mHj;jKs;s tifapy; gq;Nfw;gjw;F ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F tha;g;G trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLj;jy;
VI. khw;WtYTs;s ,isQu;fs; gad;ngwf;$ba re;ju;g;gq;fis ,dq;fz;L mjd;%yk; mtu;fsJ mg-pyghirfis milar;nra;jy;
VII. khw;Wj; jpwdhspfs; rk;ge;jkhf nghJf;nfhs;ifia GJg;gpj;J mjpy; khw;WtYTs;s ,isQu;fSk; gadilAk; gb nra;jy;
6.8 rkhjhdKk; ey;ypzf;fKk
,yq;if Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpe;jpa rfhg;jj;ijNehf;fp Kd;Ndwpr;nry;ifapy; r%f ,izTneUf;fj;jpd;kPJ ftdk; nrYj;JtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. xU Njrj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfs; vd;Dk; czHitAk; njhlHGfs; rk;ge;jkhd czHitAk; mgptpUj;jpnra;tJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,isQH> Atjpfs; jkf;Fk; VidNahUf;Fk; kjpg;G kw;Wk; nfsutk; vd;Dk; fUg;nghUl;fspdbg;gilapyhd gfpug;gLk; tpOkpaq;fs; Fwpj;j xU Kiwikia cs;thq;fpf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,isQH> Atjpfs; fle;jfhyk; Fwpj;Jf; fw;Wf;nfhs;tJk; jtWfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJk; Kd;NdWk; topfisj;
NjbawptJk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,isQHfs; VidNahiu kjpf;Fk; mNjNtisapy;> Fzkiljy; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;ij Nehf;fpr;nry;Yk; tifapy; topelj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ftdj;ijf;NfhUk; Kf;fpag; gpur;rpidfSs; gpd;tUtd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.
I. Njrpa ey;ypzf;fr; nrad;Kiwapy; rpWghd;ik ,isQu; jkJ fUj;ijf; $w Kbahik
II. fle;j gy jrhg;jq;fshf ,lk;ngw;w rPHFiyTfs; fhuzkhf Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rdr%fq;fspDs; ,isQH> Atjpfs; mgptpUj;jpapy; gpd;jq;fpepw;wy;
III. ,uhZtj;jpYs;s ,isQHfspy; Kuz;ghl;by; rk;ge;jKw;w ,isQH> Atjpfisg; gilfspypUe;J ePf;fp> rdr%fq;fspy; xd;wpizj;jy; rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidfs;IV. fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; jdpj;jdp nkhopg;gphpTfs; fhuzkhfTk;> Vida kl;Lg;ghLfs; fhuzkhfTk; NtWgl;l rdr%fq;fisr; NrHe;j ,isQH> Atjpfs; kj;jpapy; Clhl;lq;fSf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; FiwthftpUj;jy;
V. r%fj;jpy; ,izTneUf;fj;jpw;fhd mHg;gzpg;GzHT ,y;yhik
VI. Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpg;Gw;w rdr%fq;fspy; rptpypad; epH-thfk; Fwpj;j ,ay;G epiyia kPl;nlLg;gjpy; jhkjq;fs; fhuzkhf ,isQH> Atjpfspd; elkhl;l Rje;jpuKk; Vida eltbf;iffSk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lik
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs;
I. fy;tpg; ghltpjhdj;jpy; rkhjhdf;fy;tpiaAk; r%f ,irT neUf;fj;ijAk; cs;slf;Fjy;
II. Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpg;Gw;w gpuNjrq;fs; Vida gpuhe;jpaq;fSld; rkkhd Kd;Ndw;wk; fhZk; tifapy; mtw;Wf;F tpNrl ,isQH mgptpUj;jp Kd;Kaw;rpfs; eilKiwf;fplg;gl;L %ytsq;fSk; xJf;fpaspf;fg;gLjy;
III. gy;NtW [dr%fq;fisr; NrHe;j ,isQH> Atjpf-spilNa <LghL kw;Wk; Clhl;lq;fSf;fhd re;jHg;gq;fis tp];jhpj;jy;
IV. ,isQH> Atjpfs; tpisahl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; fyhrhu eltbf;iffS+lhf xUtNuhnlhUtH Clhl;lk; nra;aTk; njhlHghly; nra;aTk; cjTk; tha;g;Gfis Ma;Tnra;J mjpfhpj;jy;
V. mur kw;Wk; jdpahH Jiwfspy; tpNrlkhf rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; Njrpa nkhopf;nfhs;if eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtij cWjpnra;jy;
VI. ghy;epiy> nkhop> ,dj;Jtepiy kw;Wk; kjk; vd;git nghJthfTs;s fy;tp epiyaq;fis Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
6.9 fiy> tpisahl;L> nghOJg;Nghf;F kw;Wk; fspahl;l nraw;ghLfs
,isQH> AtjpfSf;fhd fiyfs;> tpisahl;Lfs; Gj;JzHr;rp nghOJg;Nghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Xa;TNeu tha;g;Gfs; rk;ge;jkhd re;jh;g;gq;fs; kw;Wk; %ytsq;fspy; gue;jstpyhd Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; cs;sd. mNjNtis kpfTk; caHthd Nghl;bj; jd;ikahd fy;tp Kiwik fhuzkhf gy ,isQh;> AtjpfSf;F ,e;j eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjw;F Neuk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. NtnwhU kl;lj;jpy; ,j;jifa eltbf;iffSk; kpfTk; caHthd Nghl;bj;jd;ik nfhz;L tpsq;Ftjhy; gq;Nfw;gpdhy; Vw;gLk; kfpo;r;rp ,y;yhJNgha;tpLfpd;wJ. ghlrhiy epHthfpfSk; MrphpaHfSk; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;F ntspthupahf eltbf;iffspy; ngw;NwhHfspd; caHkl;l nry;thf;Fj; jiyaPLfs; Fwpj;J mNdfkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; Kiwg;ghL nra;fpd;wdH. ,f;fhuzpfs; ,isQH> Atjpf-spd; MSik kw;Wk; gz;G mgptpUj;jpisg; ghjpf;fpd;wd.
24 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 25
gfpHe;Jnfhs;Sjy;> ek;gpf;ifiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> jd;dk;gpf;if> Rakjpg;G> jahs Fzk; kw;Wk; jPh;f;fjhprdk; Nghd;w gz;Gfs; ,j;jifa eltbf;iffspD}lhfNt mgptpUj;jpAWfpd;wd. fyhrhu kw;Wk; r%f kl;Lg;ghLfs;> ,isQH jiyikapyhd tpUk;gj;jfhj nraw;ghLfSf;F ,l;Lr;nry;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; tuNtw;fg;glhj tsu;e;Njhupd; Nkw;ghu;it mtrpakhFk; epiy Vw;glyhk;. gpd;tUk; jPHkhdfukhd gpur;rpidfSf;F jPHT mtrpak;:
I. fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; ghPl;irfs; kw;Wk; fy;tpapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; Fwpj;J msTf;FkPwp ,lk;ngWk; typAWj;jy;fs; Xa;TNeu nraw;ghLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij cjhrPdk; nra;jy;II. rhjidfs; Fwpj;j mstw;w typAWj;jy;fSk;> tpisahl;LfspYk; Xa;TNeur;nraw;ghLfspYk; ntw;wp Fwpj;j nghUj;jkw;w typAWj;jy;fSk;
III. ,isQH> Atjpfs; tpisahl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; Xa;TNeu eltbf;iffis Kd;Kaw;rpahf xOq;F nra;J elj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;G ,y;yhik
IV. fiyfs; tpisahl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; Xa;TNeu eltbf;iffSf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; fpl;Ltjpy; fzprkhd gpuhe;jpa hPjpapyhd r%f- nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;
V. ,isQHfs;> Atjpfs; fiyfs; kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lf;fspy; tho;f;ifg; gzpfisj; njhlUtjw;F ep-WtdhPjpahd Mjutpd;ik
nfhs;if ,ilaPLfs;S
Strengthen state support and reward system for
I. fiyfs; kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lf;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;F muR MjuT kw;Wk; ntFkjpfs; Kiwikia tYg;gLj;Jjy;
II. ,isQH> AtjpfSf;fhd fiy kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lj; Jiwfis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; jdpahHJiwg; gq;Nfw;ig Cf;Ftpj;jy;
III. ,isQH Gj;JzHr;rpg; nghOJNghf;F epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspyhd midj;Jyf hPjpapyhd kpfr;rpwg;ghd eilKiwfis kPsha;T nra;J mtw;iwj; Njrpa #oiktpy; Vw;Wr; nraw;gLjy;
IV. fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpF ntspthupahf eltbf;iffis tYg;gLj;jp Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
V. ntspepiyr; nraw;ghLfs;> tpisahl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; rpU\;bj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; Nghd;w gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; cs;SH Gj;JzHr;rpg; nghOJg;Nghf;F tha;g;Gfis ,dq;fz;L Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
VI. fy;tp kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;G trjpfis toq;Ftjpy; fiy kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lfspy; gq;Nfw;W ntFkjpaspj;jYf;F Kd;Dhpik toq;Fjy;
VII. fy;tp kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;Gfs; toq;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; fiyj;Jiw kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lfspy; jp-wikia fhl;batu;fSf;F Kd;Dupik toq;Fjy;i.
7Report of the Presidential Commission on Youth in 1990 , Youth surveys 2000 and 2009 and Youth policy consultations.
26 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 277 ;reK fldñIka iNdfõ jd¾;dj 1990¦ ;reK iólaIK 2000 iy 2009 iy ;reK m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn|j woyia úuiSï.
mj;jpahak; 7
epWtdr; rl;lfk;> fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; kPsha;T Kiwik
nfhs;ifia ntw;wpfukhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F
xU Kiwahd epWtfr; rl;lfnkhd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gLtJ
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mNjNtis nghUj;jkhd khw;wq;fs;
kw;Wk; rPuhf;fq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F nfhs;ifiaAk;
mjd; jhf;fj;ijAk; kPsha;T nra;tjw;F nghwpKiwfs;
,Ug;gJk; jPHkhdfukhdjhFk;. ,f;nfhs;if Kd;Kaw;rpapd;
tpjg;Giufs; gaDWjpAs;sitahf miktjw;F Njrpaf;
nfhs;ifapy; $l;bizf;fg;gl;l ,isQh;> Atjpfs; kPJft-
dk; nrYj;Jk; mZFKiwnahd;W ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
,e;j mj;jpahak; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia
eilKiwg;gLj;jp fz;fhzpj;J kPsha;Tnra;Ak; cj;Njr ep-
Wtdg; nghwpKiwia vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
7.1 epWtdr; rl;lfk;
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifapd; gy;Jiwf;ftdk; vd;gjd;
fUj;J murpd; gy;NtW mq;fq;fSf;fpilapyhd $l;bizg;G
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifapd; ntw;wpf;F ,d;wpaikahj xU
fhuzp vd;gjhFk;. $l;bizg;gpd; Kf;fpa ftdk; gpd;tUk;
tplaq;fis cWjpnra;tjhf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.
“ rfy Njrpaf; nfhs;iffSk;. jpl;lq;fSk; jpl;lkply;
nray;Kiwap;y; ,isQh; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghLfis
xUq;fpizj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
“ ,isQH> Atjpfisg; ghjpf;Fk; Njrpaf; nfhs;iffs;
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifapd; Nfhl;ghLfs;> tpOkpaq;fs;
kw;Wk; Fwpf;Nfhs;fSld; ,zf;fkhditahf mikjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j mZFKiwia ,yFthf;Ftjw;F ,isQH tpt-
fhu kw;Wk; jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;rpd;fPo; ,isQH
mgptpUj;jp Mizf;FOnthd;W epWtg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;W
MNyhrid Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
7.2 ,isQH mgptpUj;jpf;fhd [dhjpgjp
Mizf;FO
,isQh; tptfhu kw;Wk; jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;rpypUe;J
,aq;Fk; ,isQH mgptpUj;jpr; nrayfk; xd;iw epWtp>
,isQH mgptpUj;jpf;fhd [dhjpgjp Mizf;FOtpd; gzpfs;
$l;bizg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;L> ,yFgLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
>,isQH tptfhu kw;Wk; jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;R
nrayhsH: gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; Njrpa ,isQu; Nritfs;
kd;wj;jpd;
28 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 29
mq;fj;jtHfs;:
1. nrayhsH : fy;tp mikr;R
2. nrayhsH : caH fy;tp mikr;R
3. nrayhsH : Rfhjhu mikr;R
4. nrayhsH : cs;Suhl;rp mikr;R
5. nrayhsH : ePjp mikr;R
6. nrayhsH : tpisahl;Lj;Jiw mikr;R
7. nrayhsH : r%f Nritfs; mikr;R
8. nrayhsH : Gdu;tho;T kw;Wk;
rpiwr;rhiyfs;rPuikg;G mikr;R
9. jiyikj; jtprhsH : tho;f;ifj;
njhopw;gapw;rp Mizf;FOtpd; jtprhsH./
gzpg;ghsH ehafk;
10. jpiwNrhpapd; gpujpepjp
11. Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd ,isQH
mikg;GfspypUe;J (3) ,isQH gpuj-
pepjpfs; (gy;NtW ,isQH. Atjpfs;
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ngWtij cWjpnra;Ak;
tifapy; tUle;NjhWk; Row;rpKiwapy;
nraw;gLk; gy;NtW ,isQH
mikg;GfSf;F tha;g;G toq;fg;gLjy;
Ntz;Lk;.)
12. muR my;yhj ,isQH JiwapypUe;J
%d;W gpujpepjpfs; (,tHfSf;Fk;
tUle;NjhWk; Row;rpKiwapy;
gy;NtW muR my;yhj ,isQH
mikg;GfspypUe;J tha;g;G
toq;fg;gl;L gue;jstpyhd gq;Nfw;ig
cWjpnra;ayhk;.
13. Clfq;fspd; gpujpepjp xUtH
14. njhopy;rhH ,isQH gzp mikg;gpd;
mq;fj;jtH.
15. ,isQH gilazpapd; mq;fj;jtH.
16. jiytu; : jfty; njhlu;ghly; kw;Wk;
njhopEl;g Kftu
Mizf;FOtpd; nghWg;Gfs;
• Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia fz;fhzpg;Gr; nra;jy;
• fpukkhd ,ilntspfspy; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifapd;
jhf;fq;fis RahjPdkhd Kiwapy; kjpg;gPLnra;J>
mjd;gpufhuk; nfhs;ifiag; GJg;gpg;gij cWjpnra;jy;
• Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifAld; ,zq;fpr; nry;tjw;fhd
mur nfhs;ifia kPsha;T nra;J ,iaGs;s muR
mq;fq;fspy; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;
rk;ge;jkhd tpjg;;Giuapy; <LgLjy;
• ,isQH Jiwapy; Muha;r;rpiaAk; mgptpUj;jpiaAk;
Cf;Ftpj;J Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
7.3 ,isQH xk;Gl;];kd;
,yq;ifapd; #oiktpy; ,isQH rk;ge;jkhd Fwpj;Jiug;ghd
murpay; kw;Wk; r%f tuyhw;Wf;F gpujptpisT fhz;gpf;Fk;
tifapy; xU RahjPd ,isQH njhlHgpyhd ,isQH
xk;Gl;];kd; epakpf;fg;glNtz;Lnkd;Dk; MNyhrid
Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J ,isQH tptfhuq;fs ;rhH-
gpy; gug;Giu Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xU RahjPd mikg;ghfr;
nraw;gLk;.
,isQH rk;ge;jkhd ,isQH xk;Gl;];kdpd;; Kjd-
piyg; nghWg;G ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F Nritfs;
toq;fg;gLtjpy; Kiwg;ghLfisf; ifahStJk; ,isQH.
Atjpfs; vjpHNehf;Fk; ghugl;rq;fs; Fwpj;J tprhuiz
Nkw;nfhs;tJkhFk;. ,isQH rk;ge;jkhd ,isQH xk;Gl;];kd;
mYtyfk; ,isQH> Atjpfs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba
Nritfs; rk;ge;jkhd jfty;fisAk; mtHfspd; chpikfs;
flg;ghLfs; Fwpj;j jfty;fisAk; toq;Fk;. ,jd; gzpia
NkYk; ,yFgLj;Jk;tifapy; gpuhe;jpa kl;lj;jpyhd ,isQH
rk;ge;jkhd xk;Gl;];kd;; mYtyfq;fs; jhgpf;fg;gLjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
7.4 Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;
Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;ifia eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;
nghWg;Gtha;e;j gpujhd epWtdk; Njrpa ,isQH mgptpUj;jpr;
nrayfj;jpD}lhfr; nraw;gLk; ,isQH tptfhu kw;Wk;
jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;rhFk;.
,isQu; nfhs;ifahdJ fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g khw;wkile;J
nry;Yk; r%f> murpay;> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; kf;fs; njhif
khw;wq;fis gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; 5 Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw
kPsha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
30 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if | 31
32 | ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,isQH nfhs;if Sri L
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