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JEDRZEJÔW:
* From P/n/ras HaKehillotby Rachel Grossbaum-Pasternaktranslated by Judy Montel 3
* The Jews of Jedrzejôw 1862-1914by Stanislaw Wiechtranslated by Gordon McDaniel 8
* Yizkor Book - Table of Contentstranslated by Judy Montel 16
* Yizkor Book - Necrologytransliterated by Warren Blatt 19
* 1929 Business Directorytranscribed by Warren Blatt 29
CONFERENCE CONNECTIONS - ILZAby Betty Provizer Starkman 32
TOWNS IN KIELCE & RADOM GUBERNIASWith Archival Resources & Yiddish Namesby Warren Blatt & Perets Mett 33
JRI-POLAND:
Radom / Starachowice Archives ProjectbyJeffGeizhals 34
Sandomierz Archives Projectby Suzanne S. Waxman 36
SANDOMIERZfrom Evreiskaia Entsiklopediia 38
EXTRACT DATA IN THIS ISSUE 40
• WLOSZCZOWA Marriages 1858-1884by Dolores Ring 41
• OPOCZNO Marriages & Deaths 1848-1851by Debra J.Kay 61
GLOSSARY, PRONUNCIATION GUIDE 72
...but first a word from your editor 2
Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
Speciat interest Group
AjournaiISSN No. 1092-8006
Published quarterly,in January, April, July and October, by the
KIELCE-RADOMSpecial Interest Group (SIG)
Gracie StationP. O. Box 127
New York, NY 10028e-mail: debraverman@hotmail.com
Annual subscription rates (U S funds)U S A $26 00Canada $30 00
Elsewhere $37 00Subscriptions and changes of address
should be sent to the above
The KIELCE-RADOM SIGis a. non-profit, informal world-wide
body of individuals interested in Jewishgenealogical research from Kielce and
Radom, two gubernias in the Kingdom ofPoland as defined by the boundaries as
they existed from 1867-1917
ADVISORY GROUP:Warren Blatt, Editor
Debra Braverman, MembershipCarol Isaak, Production
VISIT OUR WEB PAGEwww.jewishgen.org/krsig
All matters relating to research andeditorial articles should be directed to-
Warren Blatt, Editor8 Bishops Forest Drive
Waltham, MA 02452-8801e-mail: wblatt@jewishgen.org
©2003, all material this issue
... but first a word from our editor
Welcome to our twenty-fifth issue, and our seventh year ofpublication I hope that you will find the contents interesting anduseful in learning about the world of our ancestors
hi this issue, we have a focus on the town of Jedrzejow("Yendjev") - a translation of the article from Yad VaShem'sHebrew-language Pinkas HaKehillot, a translation of a Polish-language article from Warsaw's Biuletyn Zydowshego InstytutuHistorycznego w Polsce, a transcript of the Jçdrzejôw entries fromthe 1929 Polish Business Directory, and from the JçdrzejôwYizkor Book, a translation of the Table of Contents and the fullnecrology of Holocaust martyrs
The vital records extracts in the issue are from two districtcenter towns (miasto powiat - "county seat") Wloszczowa(a "new" town for us) - marriages 1858-1884, and Opoczno -marriages and deaths 1848-1851
Jewish Records Indexing - Poland (JRI)'s Polish StateArchives (PSA) project is finally moving forward in the Kielce-Radom area. In addition to the current project at the Pinczôwarchives (see V 4, pages 38-39), there are now two new PSAprojects for archives branches in our region Radom, Starachowiceand Sandomierz See the details on pages 33-37 of this issueThis leaves only the Kielce and Jçdrzejôw Archives withoutArchive Coordinators Hopefully someone will step forward, sothat the records in these archives can also be indexed I hope thatall researchers with an interest in the towns in these archives willparticipate
To assist readers in determining which branch of the PSAholds the 19th-century vital records for their town, I created atable, found on page 33 of this issue Perets Mett assisted me inproviding the Yiddish names of each of these towns
Other articles m this issue include Betty Starkman's accountof a meeting of descendants from the town of Dza ("Driltsh"), andthe translation of the article on Sandomierz ("Tzuzmir") from thepre-WWI Russian-language Evreiskaia Entsiklopedna
This issue is brought to you by two new volunteers CarolIsaak of California is now handling Production the printing andmailing aspects of our Journal, and Debra Braverman of NewYork is our Membership coordinator, managing subscriptions andfinance I am very grateful to have these dedicated volunteers
We are still m need of articles and material contributions torthe Journal If you would like to assist, please contact me
— Warren Blatt
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
Jçdrzejôwfrom Pinkos HaKehillot, Polen, Volume VII (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1999), pages 259-262
By Rachel Grossbaum-PasternakTranslated from the Hebrew by Judy Montel
JçdrzejôwJçdrzejôw district, Kielce province
Year
18271861187518821897192119311939
TotalPopulation
1,44719702,5373,1005,800
12,85714,000
JewishPopulation
2.0504,6854,4404,475
Jçdrzejôw is one of the most ancient settledplaces in Poland. It was established upon thelands of the village of Berzerzinka, a gift of thebrothers Janislaw and Klement Grichim, bearers ofimportant positions in the church in the Cistercianorder. The monks of this order were brought toPoland from Burgundy and were known for theircontribution to the development of agriculture,construction, fishing and other areas. In 1149, amonastery was built there and a town grew uparound it, which increased and developed quickly.In 1271, Boleslaw the Humble, the king of Poland,granted the settlement the status of a city, and atabout the same time the name was changed toJçdrzejôw. In 1510, a great fire broke out inJçdrzejôw which destroyed the vast majority of thetown. hi the wake of the catastrophe, theinhabitants appealed to the king of Poland,Zygmunt the First, and requested that he reaffirmthe rights of the city of Jçdrzejôw and grant itprivileges to ease its reconstruction. The kinggranted their request, and soon a wave ofdevelopment was felt in the town and the localpopulation grew. During the 16th and 17thcenturies, several important conventions of thePolish nobility took place in Jçdrzejôw. Overtime, Jçdrzejôw became a commercial andmanufacturing center for the region. During the18th century, there were 20 cobblers' workshopsthere, 10 hatters' workshops, and dozens of
workshops for other artisans. During that samecentury, silk production developed there andduring the 19th century the manufacture of varioustextiles developed there as well.
In 1815, as a result of the decisions of theCongress of Vienna, Jçdrzejôw was included inthe Congress Kingdom of Poland, which wasunder Russian rule, hi 1817, the Cistercianmonks' ownership of the monastery and the citywas revoked and the Czarist government of Russiawas recognized as the owner of the city, hi 1885,a railway station was built in Jçdrzejôw, and anagricultural implement factory, a foundry, abrewery, two sawmills and a steam driven flourmill were established there, hi large areas aroundthe city, tobacco and fruit orchards werecultivated, and bee-keeping also developed.
hi this period, a teachers' seminar wasestablished in Jçdrzejôw, which was knownthroughout Congress Poland.
The city continued to develop during theyears between the two world wars as well.
On September 4th, 1939, Jçdrzejôw wasconquered by the German army. The Germansexpelled part of the Polish population from thecity, liquidated the Jewish habitation that hadexisted there and destroyed its economicinfrastructure.
The Jews during the 19th and early 20thCenturies
The first Jews settled in Jçdrzejôw during the19th century, since up until then the CatholicChurch and Cistercian order had barred them fromliving there. Only after the publication of thedecrees of Czar Alexander II in June of 1862,were the limitations regarding settlement in thecity cancelled and Jews began to come to the cityin great numbers from the neighboring towns in
Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
their search for work. In the list of the first Jewsto settle in Jedrzejôw, 80 people are listed byname. These Jews were the pioneers in wholesaleand retail business and also in manufacturing;there were among them also several religiousfunctionaries: 3 ritual slaughterers, 2 shamashim[beadles], Rabbi Jerachmiel Mincberg, teacher andritual slaughterer - the butcher Kuncpolski. Thefirst leaders of the Jedrzejôw community were itschief Izrael Jechiel Gersztajn and the members ofthe community committee Natan ZerachNechemja and Jona Ajzenberg. The first asset ofthe community was the building in which twostudy halls functioned, a large one and a smallone, and a cemetery outside of the city. The firstto be buried there was a Jewish soldier fromRussia who died during his service in Jedrzejôw.The community income came from the propertiesit owned, from the institutions it operated, fromthe ritual slaughter and from the bathhouse, whichwas leased, as well as from the cemetery. Thecommunity members paid taxes according to thedecision of the assessors who were electedespecially for this task. From this income thesalaries of the rabbi, the ritual slaughterer, theteacher and the shamashim were paid.
The first rabbi in Jedrzejôw was RabbiNatan, the son-in-law of the Chassidic Admo'VRabbi Mosze HaKohen of Warsaw. After himRabbi Yerachmiel Yeshaya Mincberg ("The Rabbiof Lukôw") and Rabbi Aharon Wajnberg (towardsthe end of the 19th century).
The Jewish merchants and manufacturersmade a significant contribution to the developmentof the city. Wholesale merchants conductedbusiness with large cities in Russia as well as inother countries. Thus, for example, documents ofthe time mention the export of eggs and sugar toGermany.
Gersztajn, the community leader, owned alarge manufacturing plant for processing copperparts and accessories, which were used in the localsugar factories and brandy distilleries. Twenty-five laborers worked in this plant. Gersztajn alsoowned a fired brick factory and stone quarries inwhich mainly Polish laborers worked. OtherJewish entrepreneurs founded flour mills, sawmills, breweries for beer and a small factory that
produced oil in Jedrzejôw. The first tailor in thecommunity was G. Hersz, and the first carpenterswere the Brajtbort brothers. Besides them therewere also bakers, glaziers, medics, cobblers andother artisans among the Jews of Jedrzejôw.Several Jews functioned as agents (factors) of thelarge property owners near Jedrzejôw andmanaged the acquisitions and exports of theestates. By the end of the 19th century, most ofthe Jews of the city were already established andtheir businesses flourished; they bought propertyand built homes in the city.
The economic success drew additional Jewsto Jedrzejôw, the community grew and livelypublic Jewish life developed there. In 1902-3 thefirst Zionist group that was associated,ideologically, with the "Odessa Committee",which emphasized settling in the Land of Israelwas active in Jedrzejôw.
Jews were also active in the socialist camp.During the 1905 revolution the city was caught upin tremendous activity, and socialist parties andmovements were organized among the Jews aswell: the "Bund", a Jewish sector of the PolishSocialist Party (PPS), the party of the "SocialistZionists" (ZS) and the new Zionist-Socialist partyled by Dov Ber Borochov ("Di YidisheSocialistishe Democratishe Partei"), which hadalready established its branch in Jedrzejôw in1906.
The activists from the Zionist and socialistmovements also encouraged cultural life in thecommunity. In 1909, the first public library wasfounded in Jedrzejôw. The library quickly becamea center for all of the social-political and culturalactivity of the Jewish youth in Jedrzejôw.
In 1915, during World War I, Jedrzejôw fellinto the hands of the Austrians. At first, theconquerers forbade any social, cultural or politicalactivity and the library closed. In 1916, therestrictions on the cultural and social activities ofthe inhabitants were removed and the library alsoreopened. A drama circle was established inconjunction with the library, and the income fromits performances was dedicated to developing thelibrary, and there was also a special appeal madefor the same purpose. According to the
Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
instructions of the Austrian occupation. forces,elections were held for the community committee.The Austrians divided the inhabitants into threegroups of income - merchants, artisans, and clerksand those in the free professions. Each one ofthese groups sent representatives to a body thatwas appointed to prepare the voter lists and topresent the lists of the voters and the candidates tothe authorities. The community prepared for theelections, but in the meantime the war ended, theAustrians retreated and Jedrzejôw returned toPolish hands.
In the first months after the renewal of Polishrule there was anarchy in Jedrzejôw, and the Jewssuffered from it more than anyone else. At theend of November 1918, Polish anti-Semitesattacked the Jewish inhabitants of the city. Inresponse, Jewish self-defense organized in the citythat succeeded in putting an end to the riots. Theanti-Semitic activists did not give up andattempted to hurt the Jews in other ways. Theybegan a vigorous campaign and called for aneconomic boycott against the Jews, but at thatpoint they were not yet successful, since thefarmers of the area remained loyal to the Jewishmerchants.
In 1920, a bank of Jewish merchants andartisans was founded in Jedrzejôw. The Polishcooperative institutions that were established atthis time to aid the Polish merchants and artisansconstituted serious competition for the Jewishmerchants and artisans. The Jews of Jedrzejôwdecided to imitate their competitors and in 1925,a Jewish Cooperative Bank was established inJedrzejôw which served the entire public, from themerchants to the large and small artisans. EveryJew was able to get a loan from the bank on easyterms in order to create a source of income forhimself.
The boycott campaign of the anti-Semitesand the anti-Semitic policies of the Polishgovernment in the areas of the economy, as wellas the heavy taxes that they levied upon the Jews,destabilized their economic situation. Many of theJews of Jedrzejôw then sought ways to immigrateto countries overseas. In the 1930s, the economicsituation worsened even more, but the
opportunities of emigration and moving to theLand of Israel grew continually smaller.
In this period, polarization grew among themembers of the community. The struggle wasmainly between the supporters of "AgudatYisra'el" and the Zionists. The battle became sofierce that the two camps did not shy away fromany means, including informing to the authoritiesand provoking violence. In 1924, a private fightin Jedrzejôw turned into a bitter public strugglewith political overtones. During a p arty that someyoung people, members of "Agudat Yisra'el",were holding in their "shtibl", they got drunk andtheir shouts disturbed the neighbors. The sons ofa feather merchant who lived nearby attempted tocalm the drunkards, but they were beaten. Thoseinvolved in the fight used improvised "weapons"from whatever came to hand and a 15 year oldyouth, one of the "Aguda" members, was injuredand later died of his injuries. The "Aguda"newspaper, Der Yid, headed the article that itpublished "The Zionists murdered an Aguda youthin Jedrzejôw because of election campaigning".This episode made the Polish anti-Semites veryhappy, and venomously mocking articles appearedin the Polish press decrying the Jews. Therumours spread all over Poland and served asincitement material in the hands of the rivalcamps. The entire Jewish public split intofactions. The Zionist institutions came out with asharp condemnation of the plot and the rabbi ofthe city, Rabbi Yechiel Yeshaya Wajnberg, sent avigorous denial to the Jewish newspapers Der Tagand Moment, and published the accurate story ofwhat had happened. However, the protests, thedenials and the counter-denials continued formany days, and even after it was clear that the plotwas far from the facts, it continued to bubble foryears and arouse hatred between the "Aguda"people and the Zionists in the community.
In the elections to the community committeethat were held in 1920, "Agudat Yisra'el" madegreat efforts to preserve its premier standing in thecommunity; its campaign publications includedpieces such as "The Zionists and the Mizrachiwant to turn the Study Halls into Theaters", or"The Torah forbids voting for Zionist Criminals".However, the results of the elections proved that"Agudat Yisra'el" had lost its birthright. The lists
Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
of the Zionists and the "Mizrachi" togetherreceived 7 seats on the committee and "AgudatYisra'el" received just 5. The representatives ofthe Jewish artisans did not define themselvespolitically, which led to an unclear situation. Inthe elections in November 1932. the rule in thecommunity institutions moved finally into thehands of the Zionists. The national-Zionist bloc,which was made up of the Zionist parties, theZionist artisans and the "Mizrachi" received 5seats and "Agudat Yisra'el" received just 3. The"Mizrachi" representative, I. Ickowicz, waselected to the position of community leader. ThePolish authorities confirmed the results of thecommunity elections and the community was leadby the Zionist bloc until the outbreak of WorldWar II.
Zionist activity in Jedrzejôw had grownstronger even before the Zionists were elected tothe community committee. In 1931, a conventionof all the members of the Zionist movement in theKielce district was held in Jedrzejôw.
In the elections to the 16th Zionist Congress(in 1929), the "Al HaMishmar" list received 23votes, "Et Livnot" - 38 votes, "HaMizrachi" -176, the Revisionists - 12, and the "Hit'achdut" -5 votes. As a result of these elections, a branch ofthe "Torah vaAvodah" [Torah and Labor]movement was founded in the city, as well as theassociation of the Religious Zionist Artisans.These Religious-Zionist organizations, togetherwith the other Zionist organizations in the city,developed a broad range of Zionist action in theareas of Hebrew culture, and held appeals for theJewish National Fund. The Zionists put specialemphasis on pioneer training and moving to theLand of Israel. The training sessions wereorganized by the pioneer youth movements thatwere active in Jedrzejôw - "Hashomer HaTza'ir","HeChalutz", "HeChalutz Hatza'ir", "HaNo'arHaTzioni", "Tzi'irei Mizrachi" and "HashomerHadati". In 1934, a branch of "Beitar" wasestablished in Jedrzejôw.
In the early 1920s, a Hebrew school of the"Yavneh" chain opened in Jedrzejôw. During thisperiod a Jewish library also operated in thecommunity named for A.N. Jawec [Yavetz].
The rabbi of the community at this time wasRabbi Yechiel Yeshaya Wajnberg, the son ofRabbi Aharon Wajnberg. He perished in theShoah. There was a Chassidic Admo"r inJedrzejôw as well, Rabbi Itzak Shlomo Szapira,son of Rabbi Shalom of Przytyk ("The Rebbe ofSobkôw").
During World War II
On September 14th, 1939, ten days afterJedrzejôw had been conquered by the Germans, 10of the respected members of the community andits leaders, among them the rabbi of the city, weretaken hostage. They were released only after aransom of a quarter of a million zloty was paidfrom the funds of the Jewish community. Afterseveral days, 3 Jews who were innocently crossingthe street were shot by German soldiers. At theend of September 1939, the German occupationauthorities published a decree confiscating allplaces of business, manufacturing plants, factoriesand flour mills owned by Jews, including theirfurnishings. Other Jewish property was alsoconfiscated and real estate was transferred to theoversight and ownership of the occupationauthorities.
In February 1940, the Germans demandedthe establishment of a Judenrat [Jewish Council]in Jedrzejôw. Tajtlbaum was appointed chairmanof the Judenrat, and Kasinski and Kamerat weremembers of it. The Judenrat was a mediatingbody between the institutions of the Germanauthority and the local Jewish population as wellas that of the entire area. In June 1940, thegovernor of Jedrzejôw district published a decreeregarding the establishment of a ghetto open to theJews of the city. Every day Jews were kidnappedfrom the ghetto for forced labor, and as part of thisthey were humiliated, beaten and even shot. InDecember 1940, a decree was published thatrequired all of the Jews who had beards to shavethem off "in order to preserve their health" (in thewords of the decree). That same month theGermans confiscated warm clothing and furs fromthe Jews. The life in the ghetto became moredifficult from day to day and it became more andmore crowded after Jews from the surroundingcities were also brought there. Hunger, cold anddisease reigned in the ghetto. At the beginning it
Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
was still possible to leave the ghetto to obtainfood, and aid was received from Jews abroad, andespecially from the Joint Distribution Committee.But in March 1942, the ghetto was closed andsurrounded by a barbed wire fence, and thecommerce with the non-Jewish inhabitants wasforbidden and came to a halt. Within the ghettothe hunger grew stronger and the mortality rateswere very high.
In May 1942, the Germans demanded fromthe Judenrat a list of Jews who were active in theleft-wing parties, their friends and relatives. TheJudenrat handed over a list with 16 names. Aftera few days, the head of the Judenrat and his familymembers, some other Judenrat members and the16 people whose names appeared on the list werearrested. They were all sent to Kielce (cf.) andfrom there to Auschwitz.
In August 1942. Jews from the surroundingcountryside were brought into the Jedrzejôwghetto and the crowding reached its peak. TheJewish police, which had been established back inJuly 1941 on the command of the Germangovernor, received strict instructions to preserveorder.
On September 15th, 1942, S.S. and Germanpolicemen surrounded the ghetto along withUkrainian policemen. They conducted searches inthe houses and the inhabitants of the ghetto werecommanded to report the following day at 8 a.m.in the market square in the ghetto. At theappointed hour most of the Jews gathered in thesquare; the Germans repeated their search of thehouses; those who were not capable of coming outwere shot on the spot. From among thosegathered the Germans removed 250 who had therequired professions and gave them specialdocuments. Among them were three members ofthe Judenrat and 25 members of the Jewish policeand their families. These people were separatedfrom the rest of the Jews and allowed to remain inthe ghetto. The remainder, numbering 4,556, weremarched to the train station and crammed intofreight cars, in terrible crowding and under threats,beatings, humiliations and torture. No one knewwhere they were being sent. On September 17th,1942, the trains arrived at Treblinka. As soon asthey arrived, the women were separated from the
men and put into the gas chambers first, when themurder of the women was finished, the men werealso put in there, except 50 men who were taken tosort the possessions of those murdered.
In the Jedrzejôw ghetto, a group of Jewishlaborers remained, which numbered 230 people.They were housed in small homes and the areawas fenced in with barbed wire. This place wasgiven the name the "Small Ghetto". After about ayear, on September 2nd, 1943, the "Small Ghetto"was surrounded by the S.S. and Germanpolicemen and Ukrainian policemen. The Jewswere led to the market square, but without theirbelongings. In the square, their oppressors abusedthem, beating many of them, and 62 people wereshot there. The rest were sent on the same day tothe labor camp at Skarzysko-Kamienna (cf.). Theworkers from Jedrzejôw were nearly all employedin the munitions factory.
Of the 4,500 Jews of Jedrzejôw before thewar, only 80 survivors remained at its end - 57who survived in the labor camps; 11 who hid inhiding places; and 12 who escaped to the SovietUnion and who returned after the war.
Bibliography:
Yad Vashem Archives, Jeruslaem:, Ml/Q/167;03/619,1135,1136,1140,3500.
Central Zionist Archives, Z4/3003-IV; S6/625, 2407;S5/1707,1801.
Shimshon Dov Yerushalmi, (éd.), Sefer ha-zikaronle-yehudei Jedrzejôw [The Memorial Book forthe Jews of Jedrzejôw], Tel-Aviv, 1965.
Haint, 18.11.1918, 18.12.1918, 25.4.1919,12.5.1919,31.5.1921,14.6.1921, 29.6.1921, 16.3.1923,7.5.1924, 28.4.1926, 27.4.1927, 13.3.1928,21.3.1928, 20.6.1928, 3.1.1929, 26.3.1930,16.4.1930, 27.3.1931, 27.5.1931, 10.6.1935,16.12.1935,18.10.1936,12.11.1936,15.9.1938.
HaMizrachi, 27.10.1921.
Gazeta Zydowska, 28.8.1940,6.9.1940, 13.9.1940,17.9.1940,8.11.1940,24.1.1941,25.2.1941,11.2.1941, 4.4.1941, 3.6.1941, 6.8.1941,31.5.1942.
8 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
The Jews of Jçdrzejôw 1862-1914Part ILParticipation of the Jews in the Economic Life of the Town
by Stanislaw Wiech
"Zydzi Jçdrzejowa 1862-1914 II. Udzial Zydôw jçdrzejowskich z zyciu gospardarczym miastecztka"An article from Biuletyn Zydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego wPoIsce
BZIH, #181 (1997 #1), pages 3-13
Translated from the Polish by Gordon McDanielEdited by Warren Blatt
The demographic changes in Jçdrzejôw engendered by the increasing influence of Jews after 1862were closely connected with economic transformation. Uncovering and describing these interdependences,we should find that removal of the restrictions on Jewish settlement caused a greater change in the economiclife of Jçdrzejôw than in the religious makeup of the inhabitants itself. That was a result, primarily, of theeconomic activity of the Jewish newcomers, whose decisiveness in the economic arena outpaced that of thepermanent residents, i.e., the Christian inhabitants of the town.
The first Jewish settlers, who arrived in Jçdrzejôw in the pre-emancipation period and settled afterreceiving special permission, supported themselves by means of rents that they had obtained through auctionor commission from the city authorities. The list of occupations of the early settlers fully confirms the typesof financial support of the pre-emancipation Jews who were allowed to inhabit a place fortified by theprivilege "de non tolerandis Judaeis": paving streets, renting a taproom or slaughterhouse in town. Mostlikely, the bids from the Jews were most useful for the town. The first settler in town was a "leaseholderof consumption", i.e., taproom, which according to ever increasing criticism from public and stateadministration milieux, was entrusted to Jews. This was not an isolated case, where, for example, in Kielceduring the period before emancipation, leaseholding of taprooms and even the office of "scribe ofconsumption" were put into the hands of the Jews.1 The transfer of leaseholding of taprooms to the Jewsconfirmed among the Christian population the stereotype of the Jewish saloon-keeper, the leaseholder oftaverns and inns.
The choice of means of support for Jews living in Jçdrzejôw in the period before emancipation wasvery restricted. That situation changed after 1862 when the prohibition was removed on permanent residencyin town, acquisition of real estate and opening of shops and workshops. After 1862, there arrived inJçdrzejôw a succession of various types of merchants, shopkeepers, vendors, agents and tradesmen. On theother hand, in the early years of settlement one can observe a lesser number of artisans, people engaged inspecialized professions or persons who had uncommon qualifications.
The decisive predominance among settlers of those engaged in commerce and trade arose primarilybecause, as opposed to artisanry, these occupations did not depend on long-term investments (materials,tools, workshops, etc.) and brought significantly quicker return on investments. It is not without significancefor the range of professions among settlers that Jçdrzejôw fulfilled certain economic functions in the localmarket. A great role in the life of the town was played by the great markets held twice a year2 where themain items of trade were horses and agricultural products. Even in the period before emancipation, a greatinfluence of Jews into sales and transactions at various kinds of markets in Jçdrzejôw was obvious. It canbe assumed that this situation became even more obvious after 1862. Ten years after the emancipation act,the readers of Gazeta Kielecka were emphatically informed about the situation that "the general market inJçdrzejôw, held on St. Michael's (Day), which was supposed to start on October 4, but because of a holiday[Sukkoth] for the Jews, without whose participation there cannot be a general market, the market will barelylast into next week."3
1 Archiwum Panstwowe w Kielcach. Naczelnik Wojenny Powiatu Kieleckiego, sygn. 7, k. 2. [State Archives inKielce. Military Governor of the Kielce District, signature 7, box 2.]2 Cf. S. Borkiewicz, Z. Linowski. Monografia historyczna i gospodarcza powiatu jçdrzejowskiego [Monograph onthe history and economics of Jçdrzejôw District]. Kielce 1937; S. Wiech, Miasteczka guberni kieleckiej w latach1870-1914 [Small towns in Kielce Gubernia in 1870-1914], Kielce 1995.3 Gazeta Kielecka, 1872, no. 79.
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 9
There was an analogous influence of Jewish settlement on the process of economic development insmall towns such as Bodzentyn, Miechôw àiîd Kielce. From the perspective of a decade of Jewish settlementin Kielce, the head of the Kielce Gubernia, evaluating the economic transformation of the gubernia capitalemphasized, among other things, "the influx of Jews into Kielce (which earlier enjoyed the privilege De nontolerandis Judaeis) positively influenced development of the town, primarily due to business activity."4
Similar attention was given by a correspondent of Gazeta Kielecko, who in 1888 informed his readers thatBodzentyn "a long-time agricultural town, now has become a town of trade"5 and that result was intensifiedafter 1862 due to Jewish settlement.
The issue of penetration of a significant number of Jewish businessmen and tradesmen into newsmall towns, which was frequently cited in the press and official reports on the economic situation of thegubernia, was usually interpreted from two different positions. The reports of Russian administrativeofficials accentuated the general economic development of small towns as a consequence of the influx of newsettlers. The Polish press, however, especially that of a Catholic hue, moaned over the socioeconomicchanges caused by the sudden activization of Jewish business, or over the losses to Christian businessesassociated with it. However, it was emphasized by both positions, that the great majority of Jewish settlersengaged in business and trade were in the category of poor people having little, and in general lackinginvestment capital and were satisfied with the smallest profit. Among the settlers, it was noted, there wasa lack of rich merchants and the wealthiest businessmen, who rarely decided to change their town residencyfor settlement. The statement in Gazeta Kielecka from 1872 is characteristic: "Which of the oldest residentsof Kielce has not seen in recent years an enormous influx of Jews into the city? Omitting (the small numberof) merchants and tradesmen who deal in various types of goods and earn an honest living, among the Jewsthere is a mass of locusts having no steady employment and which, like air, forces its way into the mostminute relations of our (Christian) daily life and draws benefit from every word. In this category are vendorsof all sorts of goods... . These vendors, like locusts, fly out very early in every road leading into the city andgather from peasants going to market the greater part of the produce the latter carry, and then sell it to us attheir own inflated prices."6 This was a completely new form of intervention in the exchange of goodsbetween everyone in the city. The practice of Jews buying goods from peasants and offering them in marketsof small towns was widespread not only in the vicinity of Kielce7 but also in other regions. In accordancewith this practice, as the Gazeta Kielecka adds, "in every settlement, at daybreak of a market day Jewish menand women come out in a Jewish vanguard several viorsts from the town and accost (peasants) carryingbutter, eggs, cheese, chickens, ducks, and the like to sell."8
Investment in a market stall, booth or little shop required a much greater outlay, and so was a lesscommon occurrence. Over the course of several years the systematic influx of moderately wealthy tradesmenand merchants, however, created in Jedrzejôw a relatively stable group of Jewish petit bourgeouis thatstrengthened its economic position. Often the path to the category of quite prosperous merchant andtradesman started from the position of small businessman or shopkeeper who got along well in a newenvironment and so set down roots in a new small town. "Almost daily — we are informed in the middle ofthe (18)70s quite sarcastically - a new family of our most dearly beloved arrives (in Jedrzejôw), opens a newshop in which you will find goods for just a few rubles, but in a couple of years the shop expands, other typesof goods arrive, and in a few years a small tenement-house is bought."9
The economic stabilization of small trademen and merchants, expressed in the movement of capitalinto real estate, shops and warehouses, caused changes in the ownership structure of small-town residents.Most obvious was the change in ownership structure in the central areas of small towns, i.e., in the marketsquare and streets leading to it. "In the settlement of Jedrzejôw," it is written in 1878, "during a period of14 years Jews came into possession of the most magnificent buildings on the square, a third of which are
4 Evreiskaia entsiklopediia [Jewish Encyclopedia], under the editorship of L. Katsenelson and D.G. Gintzburg. v. 9.St. Petersburg, 1907, p. 951.5 Gazeta Kielecka, 1888, no. 68.6 Gazeta Kielecka, 1872, no. 58.7 O. Kolberg, Dzie/a wszystkie [Complete works], v. 18, Kieleckie, pt. 2, Wroclaw-Poznan, 1963, p. 36.8 Gazeta Kielecka, 1876, no. 32.9 Gazeta Kielecka, 1875, no. 72.
10 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
already their property."10 Some years later the following notation stated this point more precisely: "Theowners of the most magnificent buildings on the square and on the main streets are 26 Jewish families."11
In comparison with the total number of Jewish residents of Jedrzejôw, however, the group of rich "estateowners" was not large, being somewhat less than 10% of the total Jewish population.
After several years of settlement, at the beginning of the 20th century, a description of Jedrzejôwemphasized that "there are many shops and small stores (Jewish) in town, a few in every building, but ofChristian shops, alarmingly, there remain only five"12. A similar change took place in Bodzentyn, where itwas written that during the twenty-five years from the emancipation proclamation "buildings on both of thesquares and on the streets leading up to them were almost all owned by Jews"13. Shops, taprooms andworkshops located in them became the basis of economic stimulation of the town, which "from a purelyagricultural town had become one of business."
Following businessmen, merchants, wholesalers and brokers to Jedrzejôw there came artisans, daylaborers and small producers. At first their goal was to satisfay the needs of their fellow Jews, and so thenumber of Jewish artisans in town was quite restricted. Later, the profile of goods and services by artisanswas carefully shaped to meet the needs of the Christian residents of Jedrzejôw. This development took placein almost every small town in which Jewish settlement began to grow after 1862. It was not a coincidencethat in Kielce, Jedrzejôw, Bodzentyn, Miechôw and other small towns that among the first artisans to opentheir workshops were bakers and butchers. In both cases the choice was dictated by the nature of the religion,which required a kosher kitchen.
The appearance of Jewish bakers and butchers at the markets of small towns greatly unsettledChristian domination of these trades, and in short order, under conditions of rivalry and competition, adecisive change in the religious structure of these trades took place. At the beginning of the 1890s in Kielce,out of 20 bakers, 15 were Jewish, while Jews made up only 25% of the town's population.14 In Jedrzejôwin 1875, Jews prevailed in the baking trade, where of 16 bakers 10 were Jewish and only 6 were Christian.15
Besides bakers and butchers who were meeting the needs primarily of fellow Jews, other artisansbegan to arrive, such as tailors, capmakers, furriers, tanners, shoemakers, etc. Among Christians, a broadercircle of customers found Jewish furriers, shoemakers and tanners. The economic expansion of Jewishartisans in small towns was very limited by the sharp reaction of Christian artisans who had means ofapplying pressure, such as organizations of workshops and councils of elders.16 Workshop organizations,legally before 1862 and by custom after emancipation, gathered together only Christian artisans, whichgreatly facilitated the economic conflict between Christian masters of "workshops" and the Jewish"botchers" that came to small towns. In the case of Jedrzejôw, the numerous coppersmiths, saddlers,carpenters, painters, shoemakers, metalworkers, smiths and tailors tried to block the expansion of Jewishartisans, although in the second half of the 19th century only three groups of artisans organized themselvesinto unions: carpenters, shoemakers and smiths.17
At the beginning of the 1880s Jewish settlers, estimated at 521 (14.8% of the total population), hadplayed, after less than 20 years since the emancipiation proclamation, a far greater role in the economic lifeof the town than would have been suggested by their share of the total population. Among the artisans ofthe town, Jewish masters were 20-25%, while in some trades they were in greater numbers than Christian
10 Gazeta Kielecka, 1878, no. 99.11 Gazeta Kielecka, 1882, no. 55.12 Gazeta Kielecka, 1902, no. 16.13 Gazeta Kielecka, 1888, no. 68.14 Gazeta Kielecka, 1893, no. 65.15 Gazeta Kielecka, 1875, no. 91.16 Cf. S. Wiech, Rzemie&nicy mafych miasteczek guberni kieleckiej w latach 1870-1914 [Small town artisans inKielce Gubernia, 1870-1914], Kielce 1995, p. 41-64.17 Archiwum Panstwowe w Kielcach. Rzad Gubernialny Kielecki, sygn. 5297, k. 1-2; 5740, k. 3; 5885, k. 14 (StateArchives in Kielce. Kielce Gubernia Administration, signature 5297, box 1-2; signature 5740, box 3; signature5885, box 14).
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 11
masters (tailors, butchers, bakers, glaziers). An even greater predominance of Jews was seen among thesmall merchants and shopkeepers of Jedrzéjôw (see Table 2).
Table 2Religious structure of shopkeepers in Jedrzéjôw in 1881
Type ofestablishment
Diary goods shop
Iron goods shop
Wine shop
Department store
Sweets shop
Roadhouse / Tavern
Taproom
Religion of owner
Christian
-
1
22
1310
Jewish
6
2
-28--14
Total
6
3
230
13
24
Amount ofannual income
in rubles
120-300
60-100
400-500
80-150*
300100-400
150-400
*of the 30 shops of this type, 10 earned no more than 80 rubles a year.
Source: Archiwum Panstwowe w Kielcach. Rzad Gubernialny Kielecki, sygn. 5169, k. 43-44 (StateArchives in Kielce. Kielce Gubernia Administration, signature 5169, box 43-44)
One can see from the table above that of the 69 shops, taprooms and inns, 50 (or 72.5%) were ownedby Jews. The most profitable businesses (wine shops, sweets shop and inns) were owned, however, by Poles.
A similar situation is found amoung the owners of smaller artisan establishments, which in thesmallest towns could be counted on the fingers of one hand. In Jedrzéjôw, these were a small factoryproducing agricultural tools, an oil mill, a brewery, a plant producing stove tiles, and a brick factory. Of theowners of these five establishments, three were Jews (see Table 3).
Table 3Agents of industrial establishments in Jedrzejôw in 1881
Name and religion of owner
Jôzef Kadziriski (Catholic)
Josek Chmielnicki (Jew)
Zelik Sercarz (Jew)
Konstanty Drzewicki (Cath.)
Izrael Hersztajn (Jew)
Type ofestablishment
Agr. tools fac.
Oil mill
Brewery
Tile factory
Brick factory
Number ofEmployees
123343
Worth of annualproduction
3000 rubles
10855 rubles
6000 rubles
900 rubles
200 rubles
Source: same as table 2.
Economic development, as we saw in Jedrzejôw after 1862, was a consquence of the economicactivity not only of Jews settled in the town, but also of Jews who only on occasion and temporarily werein Jedrzejôw. They were brought into Jedrzejôw primarily by the branch of the Bank of Poland and the twoannual fairs (St. Michael and St. John). Press reports indicate that the annual fairs brought to Jedrzejôw moreprosperous Jewish merchants from Zarki, Lowicz, Wlodzimierz, Pilica, Skrzynno, Kielce, Dzialoszyce andother cities and towns. Most of them engaged in transactions worth a few thousand or tens of thousands ofrubles. The fairs also brought to Jedrzejôw local peasants, hoping for a good market for agricultural productsbrought about by the growing economic development of the town.18 The Jedrzejôw fairs took place, as we
i Cf. GazetaKielecka, 1875, no. 19; 1876, no. 54, 83; 1878, no. 82; 1879, no. 83; 1886, no. 56, 1890, no. 52.
12 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
have already mentioned, with significant participation by Jews and stimulated the small shopkeepers, agentsand handicraft artisans among the Jews residing in town to collect grain, wool, livestock, eggs, feathers,horses, produced shoes, clothing, etc. to meet the needs of larger merchants, wholesalers and rich brokers.
As time passed, the annual fairs became less important in the exchange of goods in favor of a betterdeveloped network of business centers in the region (warehouses, wholesale establishments, storehouses,etc.), although in an agricultural and economically backward region like the Kielce Gubernia, fairs continuedto play an important role in economic life. Annual fairs also obviously came under the influence of changesin the economic market. During the crisis in the mid-1870s "Jedrzejôw fairs declined into the ranks ofordinary markets, [where] the value of horses supplied by Jewish businessmen from Zarek, Pilica and othervillages did not exceed 20,000 rubles. Furthermore, the Jews presented choices of varying caliber, fromwhich one could not approve of more than four or five. Shoemakers from Kielce were disappointed, theycould trade goods worth only 300 rubles, while the value of all their goods was 8000 rubles. Saddle-making,rope-making and iron had a decent profit. The feather merchant from Radom had bad business, sitting onpackets virtually unopened. Jewish shoemakers making boots had a fiasco"19 Fifteen years later, when acomplete stop in business and stagnation in industry was observed, the annual fairs in Jedrzejôw again weremarked by low profits. "The St. John's horse fair in Jçdrzejôw," one reads, "was very poor in terms ofturnover. Only a few foreign businessmen came to the market, and even these held back from majorpurchases because of low prices. The fair was restricted to only two days. Various traders came to the fairwith goods, but they did not recover travel expenses due to the complete lack of buyers."20
"The local economic situation," one could read in 1888, "is leading to a worsening in society. In thesettlement of Jedrzejôw, several stallkeepers, fabric shops, grocers and taprooms supported by Jews had toclose their establishments in the new year due to a total halt to trade and loss of credit."21 Ignoring, however,periodic breaks and crises in the economy, economic life in Jedrzejôw shortly became, to a great degree,dependent on the professional activities of Jewish settlers. This dependence was emphasized by the veryappearance of the settlement, in which Christians worked largely in agriculture, with a small number ofartisans or other occupations, while the Jewish minority was engaged in business and trade. As noted in1875, "Other than market day, when life pulsates, we are plunged into a dead silence. On the square and inthe streets of town move about only our Jewish brothers, or bureaucrats and artisans in their workshops,while peasants are in the field working."22
An important impulse to the economic life of Jçdrzejôw, as well as to the town's Jews, was theconstruction in the mid-1880s of a rail line connecting Deblin with D^browa Gornicza. It ran throughRadom, Kielce, Jedrzejôw and Olkusz. Jedrzejôw was opened to the world. This caused great changes inthe town, in economic as well as social, cultural and architectural terms. These changes were described inan interesting way by a correspondent of Gazeta Kielecka, who wrote in 1891: "The opening of the railroadsix years ago brought about changes in business relations and introduced complete chaos and confusion intoa quiet small town. On any given day, lime from Kielce is provided by Brest, and stone from Kiev, whilewood from Jçdrzejôw goes to Wroclaw, grain from Miechôw goes to Berlin, eggs go to Hamburg and Londonand vice versa. Olkusz has matches from Smolensk, hemp from Bessarabia, Pacanow has wine from Crimea.In this general upheaval, furthermore, some villagers profit, others decline, depending on their greater orlesser productivity. Those most affected materially are small manufacturers and artisans who have littletalent for business. [...] The largest number in this category are poorer because of the improvedcommunications with centers of industrial life, where goods are better, cheaper and more fashionable. [... ]Profiting from this are the Jews. From impoverished robed individuals they have grown into financialpotentates, and with innate thrift and diligence they gradually take hold of the helm of industrial interests."23
While the opening of the railroad at first subjected the market of Jçdrzejôw to a particular penetration of
19 Gazeta Kielecka, 1876, no. 54.20 Gazeta Kielecka, 1900, no. 52.21 Gazeta Kielecka, 1888, no. 14.22 Gazeta Kielecka, 1875, no. 91.23 Gazeta Kielecka, 1891, no. 52.
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 13
general competition, with attendant personal financial crises24 with the passing of time that trend reverseditself. .- • • • . - -u
The opening of the train station had its effects not only on the boom in town, but also on theincreased influx of new settlers, who were searching along the rail line for ways to support themselves.
As stated by Menachem Mendel Horowitz, a resident of Jedrzejôw: "together with the building ofthe train station, Jews began to arrive in Jedrzejôw in masses from neighboring small towns [... ] and so nearthe train station there were built large warehouses to keep goods arriving in Jedrzejôw and being sent on toother places by local merchants."25 While the train station was under construction thanks to investment bythe state, new possibilities were opened for Jewish artisans. Sheet metal work during construction was givento Lemel Blacharz (Rubinsztajn), a son of a sheet-metal worker from Wodzislaw, who came to Jedrzejôwin the mid-1870s. "He knew his craft so well," it was written about Rubinsztajn, " that well into old age heremained the master of sheet-metal work in the Directorate of Railroads in the region, and so received fromthe imperial government a monthly pension."26
The railroad brought special benefit to businessmen, vendors, merchants, wholesalers and factoryowners. One of the more prominent business agents who invested in business activities around the trainstation in Jedrzejôw was Mendel Werthajm, who came from Zarki (Piotrkow Gubernia) with many relatives,bought several plots of land around the train station and built a series of warehouses and fuel depots. Hequickly made connections with the great Lôdz industrialist Izrael Poznarisky, who owned the propertyNieznanowice in far away Wloszczowa. M. Werthajm became the most prosperous businessman inJedrzejôw, and plenipotentiary at the Jedrzejôw train station for I. K. Poznarisky. The shipping firm ofWerthajm also made use of rail connections to make business contacts with great industrialists in Russia.
After the rail line was opened, the activities of Jedrzejôw merchants was concentrated primarily onthe trade of agricultural products. To meet the needs of large wholesalers and merchants, small businessmenand brokers gathered grain from local farmers and peasants to send to distant markets. As M. Horowitznoted, "the first great grain merchants in Jedrzejôw were Meir Ahronson, called 'Meir Warszawer,' MoszeLejb Horowitz and Enzel Horowitz, who came from Wodzislaw. They associated themselves with the largegrain firm "Kapelman and Son" from St. Petersburg, that owned breweries and bought the greater part oftheir barley in the Kingdom. The director of the firm, Turbowicz (?) [the question mark is in the original],upon his arrival in Jedrzejôw and evaluation of the quality of the barley from the area, ordered tens ofwagons, leaving an advance payment and instructions to ship the goods to Russia through the Werthajm firmand its warehouses. The Kapelman firm sent its own officials to Jedrzejôw to manage this shipping. [...]Jedrzejôw revived at that time, with new means of earning income opening up. [... ] Jekutial Rozenberg,called "Confectioner," opened a hotel in town for guests in general and country gentlemen from the region,who became engaged in providing barley for the Russian market."27
Information about the influence of the Kapelman Company on the economic life of the town is alsoconfirmed by a correspondent of Gazeta Kielecka, who in 1893 described transactions in Jedrzejôw: "Themerchant Kapelman came to Jedrzejôw, but did not go to the market. However, immediately a host of Jewishbusinessmen and brokers surrounded him and did not let him out of his lodgings. Kapelman concluded withthem agreements for four years, and left. After his departure, a whole legion of an organized group of Jewishbusinessmen stuck together to buy barley for 60-70 kopecks under Warsaw prices."2 Similar
24 A similar phenomenon was observed i n Kielce. It was noted at the beginning of the 1890s: "Kielce sustained thegreatest losses because of the fiscal crisis of vi l lages and bankrupcy among merchants" caused by the opening of therailroad. The losses were calculated at about half a mil l ion rubles; Gazeta Kielecka 1891 , no . 52 .25 M.M. Horowitz, Wspomnienia o dawnym Jçdrzejôwie (Memories of old Jedrzejôw), in: Ksiçga pamieci ZydowJçdrzejôw (Memorial book of the Jews of Jedrzejôw), issued by S.D. Jeruszalmi, Tel Aviv, 1956, p. 32.26Idem, p. 32-33.21 Idem,-p. 37.28 Gazeta Kielecka, 1893, no. 80, 92.
14 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
accomplishments in the area of export, in this case eggs for the German market, were carried out by JoabZylbersztajn, who also monopolized the sugar trade in Jedrzejôw.29
A description of Jedrzejôw in 1895 vividly details the results of this economic boom: "In Jedrzejôw,because of the railroad, the number of inhabitants increased, primarily Jewish. Jews, because of their thrift,became owners of half of the settlement. All the stone buildings on the market square, with small exceptions,belonged to Jews. On Sabbath well-dressed Jews push through the streets, pot-bellied Jews waddle alongwith books under their arms on the way to synagogue, a herd of Jewish children play joyfully on the streets,accosting passersby with their shouts. And the reason for all this wealth is business. The liveliness that theJews have, their enterprise and solidarity, in the end, we (Christians) should rely on more."30 That lastremark is so accurate, in that the economic development of Jedrzejôw, made more dynamic by putting therailroad into service, exposed the minimal participation, with slight exceptions, of the Polish middle classin these changes. Among the greater merchants, brokers, wholesalers, as well as industrialists, who owedtheir success to investments begun in Jedrzejôw, only a small percentage were Christian, which accentuatedeven more the influence of Jewish settlers on the changed economic situation of Jedrzejôw.
We must look primarily for the reason for the weak activity of Christians in this regard to thedifficulty of access to cheap credit. Some representatives of the Polish landed nobility, thanks in large partto their personal efforts and economic contacts with Jewish merchants, actively participated in the exchangeof goods in Jedrzejôw after 1885. For example, the Radziwills, owners of an estate in nearby Naglowice,decided after long support to sell a considerable holding of forestland to Jewish merchants (chiefly IzraelRozenberg), who joined with Christians from Bedzin to form an association to provide "prop wood" to themines of the D^browa Basin and to Germany. After several years, the largest participant in that association,I. Rozenberg, moved to Lôdz where he began activity as a factory owner. The Radziwill forests also gaveMoszko Blumenkranc an opportunity to enrich himself by producing turpentine, resin, and primarily,charcoal sent by the wagonloads to Lôdz, where it was used by local tailors for their irons.
Jewish merchants from Jedrzejôw bought wood from monastery forests and processed it in localsawmills. Likewise, the Potocky forests from the Chwilin estate, about 20 km from Jedrzejôw, soon becamethe property of Jewish entrepreneurs, who then decided to build a narrow-gauge railroad to the train station.31
As can be seen, the economic activity of Polish landed gentry was limited in these cases to the sale of naturalresources they owned, and was thus disposed more to quick profit than to long-term investment anddevelopment of an industrial base for the processing of agricultural products and natural resources. Anexception was the Wielowiejsky family, which owned a great deal of property in the vicinity of Jedrzejôw,resided permanently in St. Petersburg, and built a malt-house near the train station in Jedrzejôw, which drewgreat barley merchants to Jedrzejôw. Stefan Wielowiejski, who also depended on economic cooperation withJewish merchants and industrialists for the industrialization of his properties, earned great sympathy amongthe Jews of Jedrzejôw.
The volume of business sales or profits of the Jews of Jedrzejôw was significant for small-townconditions. The value of goods stored in warehouses or shipped was in the tens of thousands of rubles.When the barley warehouse of Chaim D. Sobol, known as a middle-rank merchant, burned in 1911, tlie valueof the barley stored (about 12 wagons) was given as 25 thousand rubles. Ch. Sobol was also a wholesalerof salt and oil. Diversified trade was recognized as a means of security in the face of cataclysms and crises.This merchant's business sales totaled 50 to 60 thousand rubles.32
As a result of economic development in the 1880s and 1890s, Jedrzejôw had been transformed bythe beginning of the 20th century from a purely agricultural town to one of industry based primarily on theprocessing of agricultural products and serving the local market.
29 Z. Abramowicz, I. Abrahami, Dzieje osadnictwa w Jçdrzejowie (History of settlement in Jçdrzejôw), in: Ksiçgapamieci Zydow ... op. cit., p. 27.30 Gazeta Kielecka, 1895, no. 15.31 M.M. Horowitz, op. cit., p. 35-36.32 Gazeta Kielecka, 1911, no. 2 1 ; M.M. Horowitz, op. cit., p. 42-43.
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 15
Just in the area of processing forest products there arose at the turn of the 20th century a dozen orso Jewish firms, which in comparison with' other small towns of tHe region made Jedrzejôw a phenomenalexception. In addition to the firms already mentioned of Werthajm, Rozenberg and Sobol, one shouldmention the names of other settlers who should be recognized for their part in the economic developmentof Jedrezjow, such as Mendl Nunberg from Bedzin, Wolf Spirytus from Radoszyce, Iser Zelman fromWolbrom, Szlamo Gasierowicz from Radomsko, Mosze Bresler, Mosze Blumenkranc, Symcha BinemWerdygier, Zelig Maner, Mosze Tajtelbojm, Jenkl Rokoszyner, Abraham Stobiekci, Chaim Enoch, MeirAhronson, Szlomo Rozen from Skarzysko and others.33
Jewish capitalists were also important in the mining and metal industries. Three gypsum factorieswere built in town: one by the Warsaw firm of Mendl Hamer "Alabaster"; the second by the local financialpotentate Mendel Werthajm, who for this purpose started a joint-stock company with M. Goldhaar, a wealthyresident of Kielce; the third was started by the Rzedowky family, who came from Dzialoszyce (the factorywas later taken over by Mordechaj Grajcer from Miechôw, who with the financial assistance of TewyMarinem and Josef Frydman from Dzialoszyce, operated until the outbreak of the First World War).
The small metalworking factories that existed earlier, directed primarily to the production of lesscomplicated agricultural machiner}' and field tools, and owned by Poles, soon were enriched by Jewishcapital. The first factory that was competitive compared to the Polish foundry and agricultural machinefactory, being the property of Kirsztajn, was the factory founded by Dawid Riterband. The greatest producerin that area, however, was Jôzef Dikerman, who arrived in 1908, who first opened a blacksmith's shopproducing horseshoes, with the help of Ms sons and sons-in-law. This poorly outfitted shop in which all themembers of the family worked under primitive conditions over time became the largest metalworking factoryin Jedrzejôw. Dikerman was the first in Jedrzejôw to base his production on electricity and the newestmachines from Germany, which allowed the mechanization of the foundry. This factory later became thebasis of the larger factory "Metal-Pol".34 Of lesser significance was the production of the metalworkingfactory "Mlot", which was moved to Jedrzejôw from Konske, and was the property of Mendl Cukier whohad come from Wodzislaw.
The foundation of economic development in Jedrzejôw, created thanks to the industrial initiativesof Jewish settlers, continued. Even the difficult years of the First World War did not cause the activities ofexisting firms and factories to cease. In the interwar years as well, the influences that caused the economicdevelopment of Jedrzejôw at the turn of the 20th century were still visible. The majority of theestablishments at that time, industrial factories ("Metal-Pol," "Mlot," "Alabaster"), sawmills, other mills,warehouses and depots, owed their creation and development to the economic initiatives began long beforethe First World War. One should not overestimate the role of Jewish settlers in the economic changes thattook place in Jedrzejôw, the settlers, who, as confirmed by personal sources and memoirs, were not onlypioneers in the creation of the Jewish community of Jedrzejôw, but also in building the industrialinfrastructure of the town with which they had decided to cast their future. And the skills, contacts andcapital obtained in Jedrzejôw were later invested in new, larger and more attractive settlements.
33 M.M. Horowitz, op. cit., p. 33-40.
™Idem.,p. 37-38.
16 Kkke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
Jçdrzejôw Yizkor Book- Table of ContentsSefer-HaZikaron LeYehudi Yendzhyev (Tel-Aviv, 1965), pages 493-496
Translated from the Hebrew and Yiddish by Judy Montel
To the Reader The Book Committee 4Introduction (In Hebrew) The Book Committee 5Introduction (In Yiddish) The Book Committee 8Words from the Editor (upon completing the book) Shimshon-Dov Yerushalmi 12Sole official source for the history of the Jews of the City from the Jewish Encyclopedia 15Memorandum of Representatives of the Jews of Jedrzejow to Marshal J. Pilsudski 16Their conversation with Marshal Josef Pilsudski From the newspaper "Nowy Dziennik" 19The printing blocks of the original memorandum and the publication in "Nowy Dziennik" from Dec 18,1918 20
THUS THEY LIVED (CITY ELDERS DESCRIBE)
About the history of Jewish settlement in Jedrzejow (H) Zev Abramowicz and Itzak Avrahami 25Memoirs of Jedrzejow of Yesteryear (Y) Menachem-Mendel Horowicz 32From my memories of my native city (H) YaakovSharf 44
PEOPLE OF JEDRZEJOW RECALL (HEBREW AND YIDDISH)
Suffering and Joy in my Life's Path (Y) Izrael Gortman 49From my Memories (H) Shaul Grinberg 70My Beloved Shtetl Jedrzejow (Y) Rivka Zaromb-Hutnik 75From my old home (Y) Moshe Chinski (Chenchinski) 79My Memories of Jedrzejow of Yesteryear (Y) Kalman Chenchinski 83From the memories of a Jewish soldier in the British Army
and the "Jewish Brigade" (H) Yehuda Lipmanowicz 92Do you remember Jedrzejow? (Y) Moshe Potashinski 97
THE ZIONIST ASSOCIATIONS IN JEDRZEJOW
Excerpts of Memoirs about the Youth Association in Jedrzejow (H) Itzak Avrahami 100The "Mizrachi" and "HaPoel HaMizrachi" associations in Jedrzejow W.H. 101"HaShomer HaTza'ir" in Jedrzejow (H) W.H. 104A Collection of my memories about "HeChalutz" in Jedrzejow (H) Itzak Walach 106Zionist Life in Jedrzejow (H) TzviTrajster 108The Zionist Association in Jedrzejow (H) Mordechai Shledzhik 111
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
Banks and Financial Institutions in Jedrzejow (H) Shaul Grinberg 119The "Chessed Shel Emet" Association in Jedrzejow (H) Shaul Grinberg 120The Jewish Artisans and Small Businessmen (Y) Eliezer Rubinshtain 122The "Chevra Kadisha" in Jedrzejow (Y) Eliezer Rubinshtain 125The Communist Movement in Jedrzejow (Y) Hersh Shaikowicz 126
A FEW MEMORIES, EPISODES AND TYPES OF CHARACTERS
Victims of Hitler's venomous Agitation in 1936 (Y) W.H. 128An Episode from my childhood years in Jedrzejow (Y) Rochama Beker-Wilage 130Jedrzejow of Yesteryear... (Y) Izrael Dudkiewicz 131Jedrzejow's Jewish Characters (Y) Lajb Waksbaum 138A Few Memories (Y) Chaim Yehoshua Wilage Z"L 141Thursday in Jedrzejow (Y) Moshe Wajcman 145Zecharia'le the Drayman and his Rivals (Y) Moshe Chinski (Chenchinski) 149A Polish "Chrabie" - A Guest of my Grandfather's (Y) Eliezer Rubinshtajn 152Awraham Paliwa Z"L (Y) Hersh Shaikowicz 154
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 17
STORIES OF BEFORE AND DURING THE SHOAH (HEBREW AND YIDDISH)
Picture of Dirge-singer of the Shoah and the words of his Dirge (H) W.H. 163Photograph of the Memorial Tablet for the Jews of Jedrzejow on Mt. Zion (H) 164The City and the Dead Emanuel Ber 165Our town Jedrzejow (H) Avraham Shraga Berlin 176
LIVING TESTIMONIALS DESCRIBE
Wolf Brener Describes (Y) 179Avraham Michl Gzibmacher Describes (Y) ] 84Yaakov Wilczkowski Describes (Y) 187Yoram Simoni Describes (Y) 189Laibush Faigenbaum Describes (Y) 190
SURVIVALS AND MEMORIES (YIDDISH)
From my memories Tzipora Gotfrid-Kozlowska 195My survival and my visit to Jedrzejow Benjamin Gutman 197Jedrzejow on the eve of its destruction and afterwards Izrael Gortman 200General places of worship, shtiblach, rabbis and Admo"rs,
rabbinical arbiters, "holy vessels" and public people Shaul Grinberg 206A few memories from my Ghetto life Menachem-Mendel Horowicz 211My survival in the Second World War Kalman Chenchinski 218What I did for our brothers after the Second World War Laibush Edelist 239About my survival in the Second World War Yaakov Elbaum Z"L 240Facts Laibush Faibenbaum 243My Little Shtetl Jedrzejow Yaakov Finkelshtain 246My Memories about Jedrzejow AizikKaizer 253A Visit to the Ruins of my Home Itzak Riterband 255About my survival in the period of Hitler Mordechai Shledzshik 259My Bitter Cup in a sea of tears Ester Sharf 267
CHARACTERS AND EPISODES
Nothing but tears (Y) Moshe Apelshtain 269A contribution for someone needy (Y) Yechezkel Fokshendler 270Two Water-Bearers (Y) Moshe Kosir 271
THREE OF OUR RELATIVES IN AMERICA
Mr. Moris Chinski (Chenchinski) (Y) Izrael Gortman 274Mr. Zelig (Solly) Lehman (Y) Moshe Chinski (Chenchinski) 276Mr. Note Natan Kalian (Y) Moshe Chinski (Chenchinski) 279
THOSE OF US WHO FELL DEFENDING THE HOMELAND AND IN THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Avigdor Better Z"L Itzak Avrahami 281Yaakov Berger HY"D Itzak Avrahami 282Menachem Gotlib HY"D W.H. 285RayaHorwiczHY"D(Y) W.H. 286Mordechai son of Avraham Chenchinski Z"L A. Wignajnski 287TzwiLanchnerHY'D W.H. 288
MEN OF TORAH AND WISDOM, ACTIVISTS, EDUCATORS AND PIONEERS WHO DIED IN ISRAEL
Rabbi Azriel Ingber Z"L - S-LG-G 290Rabbi Itzak Ickowicz W.H. 291David Goldberg Z"L C.S. 292
18 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
Shmuel Dudai (Dutkewicz) Z"L Itzak Avrahami 294Rabbi Baruch Zonshain Z"L Townsman 295Izrael Zarchi (Zerach Gertler) Z"L S .D .1. 296Rabbi Natan-Dov Chenchinski Z"L Izrael Gortman 300Rabbi Alter-Yechiel Topiol Z"L Izrael Gortman 304About the father of Rabbi Alter Yechiel Topiol Z"L Yaakov Topiol 307Rabbi Noson-Ber Chenchinski Z"L (Y) Izrael Gortman 309Aharon ben Yaakov Sochecki Z"L Itzak Avrahami 312Efraim-Itzak ben Yaakov Sankewicz Z"L N-N L-I 313Yaakov KanmonZ'L M.N. 314Ester Raizman Z"L (Y) W.H. 315
MEN OF TORAH AND WISDOM, ACTIVISTS, EDUCATORS AND PIONEERS WHO DIED ABROAD
Asher Brin Z"L Kalman Chenchinski 318Rabbi Chaim Breslauer HY"D Y.B. 319My Parents Rabbi Maier Yechiel and Rivka Tzirel Genat Z"L Shalom Genat 320Rabbi Tzvi Hersh son of Rabbi Yechezkel Grinberg HY"D Shaul Grinberg 323Rabbi Shlomo Dutkewicz Z"L (Y) Y-L D-Z 324Hilel Dutkewicz Z"L (Y) Y-L D-Z 325Jonatan Halpern Z"L (Y) The Literary Lexicon 327Jonatan Halpern (Y) J.M. Naiman Z"L 328Information about the writings and sons of Jonatan Halpem Z"L S .D. Yerushalmi 331Pictures of Rabbi Yaakov Horowicz Z"L, Yekutiel and Sela Horowicz HY"D and Rabbi Moshe Worgon HY"D 332Rabbi Chanoch Henich Waksbaum Z"L (Y) Izrael Gortman 333Rabbi Hersh WilageZ"L(Y) Chaim Yehoshua Wilage Z"L 336Chaim Yehoshua Wilage Z"L (Y) Izrael Gortman 338
THREE GENERATIONS OF PIOUS MEN AND MEN OF ACTION (H)
a) My Grandfather Rabbi Simcha-Bunem Werdiger HY"D ChedvaMintz 340b) My Father Rabbi Mordechai-Josef Werdiger HY"D Chedva Mintz 341c) My Brother Rabbi Itzak Majer Werdiger HY"D Chedva Mintz 3 48Moshe Zylberstein HY"D (A dirge for the death of my brother-in-law) Itzak Avrahami 350Moshe ZylbersteinHY"D(Y) Izrael Gortman 352Rabbi Izrael David ZelcerHY'D N-IR-Z 353My Sister Sara Topiol Z"L Yaakov Topiol 355In Memory of Sara Topiol Z"L (Y) W.H. 356Sara Topiol Is No More ! (Y) (Article of appreciation in her memory) "Zionistishe Shtime" (Paris) 356Engineer Moshe Tenenbaum HY"D Zev Abramowicz 358Rabbi Josef TraisterZ'L J-R 360Aharon Machtynger (Kotzker) Z"L (Y) Moshe Chinski (Chenchinski) 361Moshe Fish Z"L W.H. 363Rabbi Natan Menachem Mendel Rubinshtain Z"L W.H. 363My Brother Akiva Rubinshtain HY"D Eliezer Rubinshtain 364Jedrzejow in the Jewish Press (Y) Excerpts from the press 366Report on the activities of the organizing committee (H) Organizing Committee 371Report on the activities of the organizing committee (Y) Organizing Committee 381Festive Reception for activists from abroad and relatives (with photographs) (Y) 3 86-3 91The prayer "El Malei Rachamim" for the martyrs of our people may God avenge their blood 392A memorial candle for the martyrs of Jedrzejow (list of martyrs) 393-418Obituaries to memorialize the martyrs by their families 419-490The Bloody Conclusion
(Numbers and a table regarding Jews in the Jedrzejow region) J.H.A. (Warsaw) 491 -492Table of Contents of the book The Editor 493-496
Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 19
Necrology from the JçdrzejôW Yizkor BookSefer-HaZikaron LeYehudi Yendzhyev (Tel-Aviv, 1965), pages 393-418:
Transliterated by Warren Blatt. Surnames have been transliterated from Yiddish into Polish phonetics.Given names have been transliterated from Yiddish into English phonetics. In original alphabetical order.
OBORZANEK, and familyOBORZANEK, EsterOBORZANEK, ToibaOBORZANEK, YaakovOBORZANEK, GustaOBORZANEK, MairOBORZANEK, ShlomaOBORZANEK, BeilaOBORZANEK, RivkaOBORZANEK, EliyahuOBICKI, Yosef and familyOBICKI,Avrahamand
familyABRAMOWICZ, IsraelABRAMOWICZ, SaraORBACH,Hertzkaand
familyORBACH, Berish and familyORBACH, Yaakov and
familyORBACH, and familyOSZPIZ, Shmuel and familyOSZPIZ, Chaneleh and
familyOSZPIZ, Pinchas and familyOSZPIZ, Israel and familyO2AROWSKI, Yosef and
familyOZAROWSKLYoseland
familyOZAROWSKLAkibaOZAROWSKLTzinaO2AROWSKI, GabrielAJBUSZYC, HertzkaAJBUSZYC,BreindlAJBUSZYC. BaltshaAJBUSZYC, GoldaAJBUSZYC, SinchaAJBUSZYC, Yehonatan and
familyAJBUSZYC, SimchaIZRALEWICZ, Frimet and
familyIZRALEWICZ, Leibush and
familyIZRALEWICZ, Simeon and
familyIZRAELEWICZ, Izrael
David and familyIZRALEWICZ, EidelIZRALEWICZ, ShlomoAJZENBERG, Shlomo and
his wifeAJZENBERG, Moshe and
his wife
AJZENBERG, ChavaAJZENBERG, ChanaAJZENBERG, Naftali and
familyAJZENBERG, GutaAJZENBERG, JulianISAKOW, Henech-Motl and
his wifeISEROWSKI, ShlomoISEROWSKI.MalkaISEROWSKI, YoabISEROWSKI, FeiglISEROWSKI, SaraICKOWICZ, Yitzhak (Itsha)ICKOWTTSZ, MalaICKOWICZ, ChavaICKOWICZ, PerlANKELEWICZJtsheand
familyOSJARZ, David and familyOSJARZ, Chava and familyOSELKA, EliezerOSELKA, EsterOSELKA, Shlomo Avner
and familyOSELKA, Alter Shabtai and
family
page 394:
OSELKA, Shlomo andfamily
APELSZTEIN, and familyAPELSZTEIN, ElimelechAPELSZTEIN, EitlAPELSZTEIN, DavidAPELSZTEIN, MarishaAPELSZTEIN, ReizlAPELSZTEIN, ChanaAPELSZTEIN, HershlAPELSZTEIN, SaraOKOWUA,YoskaOKOWTTA, GenendlOKOWITA, DavidOKOWITA, YitzhakOKOWITA, Yaakov-
AvrahamOKOWITA, LeibOKOWITA, EsterOKOWITA, DvoraOKOWITA, Leah-EidlOKOWITA, EzrialOKOWITA, Tirtza and
familyOKOWTTA, ShlomoOKOWITA, MosheOKOWITA, Genendl
OKOWITA, VolfOKOWITA, RivkaOKOWITA, MalkaOKOWITA, EidlOKOWITA, ReizlOKOWITA, Chaim and
familyOKOWITA, YudlOKOWITA, Chana and
familyOKOWITA, Sheindl and
familyOKOWITA, Israel and
family
3
BORZKOWSKt, and familyBARMAC,Gedaliahand
familyBORENSZTEIN, YehonatanBORENSZTEIN, ChanaBORENSZTEIN,
Mordechai-MotlBORENSZTEIN, Moshe-
ChaimBORENSZTEIN, YitzhakBORENSZTEIN, EsterBORENSZTEIN, AvrahamBORENSZTEIN, ToibaBORENSZTEIN, GoldaBORENSZTEIN, Hershel
and familyBORENSZTEIN, Moshe-
Volf and familyBORENSZTEIN, Ester-
Ruchl and familyBORKOWSKI, Kalman and
familyBORKOWSKI, Chana-RatzlBORKOWSKI, Yosef-AbaBORKOWSKI, BruriahBORKOWSKI, Pintshe and
familyBORKOWSKI, PeslBORKOWSKI, Chaim and
familyBORKOWSKI, KarolitzaBORKOWSKI, MairBORKOWSKI, YosefBOJGEN,DinaBOJGEN, FeiglBOJGEN, MichlBOJGEN, YosefBOJGEN, AbaBOJGEN, ReizlBOJGEN, Michal
BOJMART, Yitzhak andfamily
BUCHBINDER, Alter andfamily
BUCHBINDER, Mindl-LeahBRZEZMSKL Naftlai and
familyBRZEZINSKI, MairBRZEZINSKI, Chava-EitlBRZEZINSKI, PeslBRZEZINSKI, HilelBRZEZINSKI, NaftaliBRZEZINSKI, HendlBRZEZINSKI, Simeon and
familyBRZEZDSfSKL David and
familyBRZEZINSKI, Tuvia and
familyBRZEZINSKI, Shlomo and
familyBMKO, Shmelka and family
page 395:
BIMKO, Sara-DvoraBMKO, MairBIMKO, EitlBMKO, MalkaBMKO,BerlBIMKO, ManiaBMKO, Yoska and familyBMKO, BaltziaBIRENSZTOK, Bunim and
familyBIRENSZTOK, The entire
familyBLUMEL, Roman and
familyBLUMSZTEIN,Yehezkel
and familyBLUMSZTEIN, Beniamin
and familyBLIAKOWSKLMoshe-
Mendel and familyBLMKOWSKI, Chaiml and
familyBELFER, Matityahu and
familyBESENDORF, ChaimBESENDORF, Sara-LibaBESENDORF, FrumetBESENDORF, WolfBESENDORF, HindaBESENDORF, ChanaBESENDORF, ReuvenBER, Eita
20 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
BER,YochvedBER,RivkaBER, YisheyahuBER, Dr. and familyBERLIN, Eliezer and familyBERLIN, AlterBERLINER, Leah and familyBERLINER, Yaakov and
familyBERKOWICZ, Adolf and
familyBERKOWICZ, MoniekBERKOWICZ, The entire
familyBRANDES,MosheBRANDES,EidelBRANDES,NechemiahBRANDES,HindaBRANDES,LeibBRANDES,FishlBRANDES,RuchlBRANDES,RivkaBRANDES, FrumetBRANDES,NechemiaBRANDES, MairBRANDES, YitzhakBRANDES, MiriamBRANDES, DavidBRANDES, ZlataBREITBARD, HindaBRANDES, NechemiaBRANDES, Eidl and familyBRANDES, Chaim and
familyBRANDES, Aitshe and
familyBRANDES, Zalman and
familyBROINER, RivkalaBR01NER.YulekBROINER, AdelaBREITBARD, DavidBREITBARD, ElkaBREITBARD, FeiglBREITBARD, BrachaBREITBARD, FrumetBREITBARD, ZachariaBREITBARD, ChaimBREITBARD, ZachariaBREITBARD, Yitzchak-
MairBREITBARD, Yoel and
familyBREITBARD, ShmuelBREITBARD, Chaya and
familyBREITBARD, MosheBREITBARD, PinchasBREITBARD, SaraBREITBARD, HindaBREITBARD, ChaimBREITBARD, BeniaminBREITBARD, ShlomoBREITBARD, Eitl
BREITBARD, Alter-Wolfand family
BREITBARD, Zelig
page 396:
BREITBARD, TzeshaBREITBARD, MalkaBRENER, BetealelBRENER.MairlBRENER. HindeleBRENER, Drezl-ChavaBRENER, Moshe-YaakovBRESLER, ChaimBRESLER, PeseleBRESLER. BashkaBRESLER, Artek
GABROWICZ, Moshe andfamily
GABRYCZEWSKL Feigland family
GOTLIB, Moshe and familyGOTLIB, Reuven and familyGOTLIB, Pesl and familyGOTLIB, Chana and familyGOTLIB, David and his wifeGOTLIB, AdamGOTLIB, AmnoalGOTLIB, GoldeleGOTLIB, YosefGOTLIB, LotaGOTLIB, TzirlGOTLIB, HeniekGOTLIB, the entire familyGOTFRÏÏ), Shlomo and
familyGOTFRID, Roza and familyGOTFRID, Mordechai and
familyGOTFRID, BoruchGOTFRID, Chana-LeahGOTFRID, MendlGOTFRID, MosheGOTFRID, BaltziaGOTFRID, ChavaGOTFRID, Moshe and
familyGOTFRID, Aizik and familyGOTFRID, Wolf and familyGOTFRID, TzviGOTFRID, AvrahamGOTFRID, RuchlGOLDBLUM, LeahGOLDBLUM, ZeligGOLDBLUM, PinchasGOLDBLUM, DoraGOLDBLUM, ChavaGOLDBERG, MosheGOLDBERG, Aitsha and
familyGOLDBERG. Mindel
GOLDBERG, LeibushGOLDBERG, PerlGOLDBERG, DavidGOLDBERG, FreidlGOLDBERG, RatzlGOLDBERG, EliezerGOLDBERG, MairGOLDBERG, NechemiaGOLDBERG, FreidlGOLDBERG, RuchlGOLDBERG, LeahGOLDBERG, ZeligGOLDBERG, AvrahamGOLDBERG, MashaGOLDBERG, ShevaGOLDBERG, YitzhakGOLDBERG, MosheGOLDBERG, AidlGOLDBERG, HindiGOLDBERG, FeivlGOLDBERG, RuchlGOLDBERG, IsraelGOLDBERG, FreidlGOLDBERG, SaraGOLDBERG, ShmuelGOLDBERG, BaltziaGOLDBERG, MosheGOLDBERG, BlumaGOLDBERG, Moshe-NatanGOLDBERG, Moshe
page 397:
GOLDBERG, AidlGOLDBERG, HendlGOLDBERG, FaniaGOLDBERG, FeivlGOLDBERG, GitlGOLDBERG, SimeonGOLDBERG, FeivlGOLDBERG, ChanaGOLDBERG, SaraGOLDBERG, Beniamin and
entire familyGOLDLUST. YosefGOLDLUST, MosheGOLDLUST, ChayaGOLDLUST, GitlGOLDLUST, BendetGOLDLUST, YisraelGOLDFELD, ChanaGOLDSZTEIN, PinchasGOLDSZTEIN, FeiglGOLDSZTEIN, Yitzhak-ZevGOLDSZTEIN, YentlGOLDSZTEIN, Mair-FishlGOLDSZTEIN, HeniaGOLDSZTEIN, FreidaGOLDSZTEIN, ShoshanaGOLDSZTEIN, YitzhakGOLEMBIOWSKI, ChayaGOLEMBIOWSKI, Hershel
and familyGOLEMBIOWSKI, Shaul
GOLDSZER, Moshe-ShmuelGOLDSZER, LeibushGOLDSZER, GenendlGOLDSZER, LibaGANCIARSKI, Szolom and
familyGANCIARSKI, Eliezer and
familyGANCIARSKI, Kopel and
familyGARF, Israel and familyGARFINKEL,Bereland
wifeGARFINKEL, Yosef and
familyGARFINKEL, BasheGARFINKEL, IsraelGARFINKEL, ShlomoGDALEWICZ-sisterGUZE.RivkaGUZE, SarahGUZE, ChanaGUZE, ChayaGUTMAN, Yaakov-DavidGUTMAN, FeiglGUTMAN, SarahGUTMAN, RozaGUTMAN, ChanaGUTMAN, ItsheGUTMAN, BerishGUTMAN, ChaninaGUTMAN, GitlGUTMAN, BasheGUTMAN, ChanaGUTMAN, Shmuel-EliahuGUTMAN, EsterGUTMAN, YaakovGUTMAN, Ester-ChanaGUTMAN, SarahGUTMAN, HilelGUTMAN. ReizlGUTMAN, MosheGURTMAN, BaltziaGURTMAN, ArtekGURTMAN, LushiaGURTMAN, DvoraGURSKY, Mordechai-
GimpelGURSKY, ChayaGURSKY, MosheGURSKY, RivkaGURSKY, MairGRZYBMACHER, Yonatan-
FalekGRZYBMACHER, Chaya-
SarahGRZYBMACHER, RachelGRZYBMACHER,
Yerachmiel-MosheGRZYBMACHER, Yitzhak-
Yaakov
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Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 21
GULER and familyGTTLER, DavidGILBERT, Shlomo and
familyGILBERT, ChanaleGINZBURG, Moshe and
familyGINZBURG, Avraham and
familyGINZBERG, David and
familyGLAT - the entire familyGLAT, Shivka and familyGLAT, Moshe and familyGLAT,NachumGLAT, IsraelGLAT, ShmuelGLUZMAN-the entire
familyGLUZMAN, SimchaGLUZMAN, AharonGLUZMAN, ChayaGLUZMAN, ZusmanGLKSMAN, GitlGLKSMAN, ChaimGLKSMAN, AvrahamGLKSMAN, Hirsh and
familyGNAT, Rivka-TzirilGNAT, Yitzhak-Yaakov and
familyGNAT, Yitzhak-YaakovGNAT,MashaGNAT, RachelGNAT, Aba-DavidGNAT,YosefGNAT,Yichil-AlterGNAT, Pesel-Hadasah and
her husbandGELDOWSKI, David-Wolf
and familyGELDOWSKI, MindelGERTLER, OsherGERTLER, ChanaGERTLER, YitzhakGERTLER, Mordechai-
DavidGERTLER, FridaGERTLER, AbaGERTLER, YitzhakGERTLER, SaraGERTLER, VitlGERTLER, MotlGERTLER, Sara-VitlGERTLER, ElimelechGERTLER, ZislGERSZTEIN, Avraham and
familyGROSWASER, ShlomoGROSWASER, ItkeGROSWASER, SheindlGROSWASER, SaraGROSWASER, SaraGROSWASER, Leib
GROSWASERfMalkaGROSWASER, ChayaGROSWASER, YosefGROSWASER, YentiGROSMAN,Rivkaand
familyGROSMAN.Mendland
familyGRYN, Nechemia and familyGRYN, EsterGRYNBOIM, MiriamGRYNBOIM, DavidGRYNBOIM, Aharon-NoachGRYNBOIM, FeiglGRYNBOIM, YehuditGRYNBOIM, ChaimGRYNBOIM, WolfGRYNBOIM, MordechaiGRYNBOIM, MosheGRYNBOIM, RachelGRYNBOIM, Chaya-DinaGRYNBLAT,EliezerGRYNBLAT, SimaGRYNBLAT, MiriamGRYNBLAT, RivkaGRYNBERG. SheindlGRYNBERG, Tzvi-HershlGRYNBERG, FridlGRYNBERG, Mair-SholomGRYNBERG, RachelGRYNBERG, Hinda-Rachl
page 399:
GRYNBERG, Aharon-YosefGRYNBERG, ChanaGRYNBERG, YaakovGRYNBERG, FridelGRYNBERG, ShmuelGRYNBERG, AharonGRYNBERG, ChanaGRYPNER, Mendel and
family
DAWIDOWICZ, Yechezkeland wife
DAWIDOWICZ, Chaya amdfamily
DOL, GeniaDOL, HadasaDOL, YaakovDANCIGER, GeniaDANCIGER, RachelDANCIGER, AvnerDANCIGER, NechaDUDKIEWICZ, GitelDUDKIEWICZ,YechielDUDKIEWICZ, EsterDUDKIEWICZ, RivkaDZIADEK, Yechezkel and
wifeDZIADEK, Berel and family
DZIADEK, ReizlDZIADEK, Leibush and
familyDZIADEK, Gele and familyDZIADEK, SimeonDYKSZTAJN,Fisheland
familyDYKSZTAJN,HershlDYKSZTAJN, EsterDYKSZTAJN, MiraDEMBOWSKI, Michal and
familyDEMBOWSKI, Osher and
familyDEMBOWSKI, RachelDEMBOWSKI, ItsheDEMBOWSKI, ReizlDEMBOWSKI, MaierDEMBOWSKI, ChayaDEMBOWSKI, Shlomo-
YosefDEMBOWSKI, FeiglDEMBOWSKI, Yaakov and
familyDEMBOWSKI, Shmuel-
YehudahDEMBOWSKI, Michal
n
HALPERIN, Yehudah-Shauland family
HALPERIN, YosefHALPERIN, RachelHALPERIN, Shmelke and
familyHALPERIN, Chaya and
familyHALPERIN, SarahHALPERIN, AvrahamHALPERIN, ChanaHALPERIN, Ruven and
familyHALPERIN, MiriamHALPERIN, SarahHALPERIN, Maier-SholomHALPERIN, HindaHALPERIN, ShmuelHALPERIN, FeiglHALPERIN, ShlomoHALPERIN, DinaHALPERIN, SarahHALPERIN, RivkaHALPERIN, YaakovHALPERIN, MalaHALPERIN, Tzvi-HershHAMBURG, YisraelHAMBURG, GoldaHAMER, TzeshaHAMER, FeiglHAMER, TzipaHAMER, NachumHAMER, ReizlHAMER, Eliezer
HAMER, TzeshaHOFMAN, PinchasHOFMAN,LibaHOFMAN, Roza
page 400:
HOFMAN, IsraelHOFMAN, ChayaHOFMAN, HindaHOFMAN, YadzieHOFMAN, Shlomo and
familyHOROWICZ, Gitl and
familyHOROWICZ, ZosheHOROWICZ, TzeshaHOROWICZ, SarahHOROWICZ, AharonHOROWICZ, TzeshaHOROWICZ, MosheHOROWICZ, RuzsheHOROWICZ, SalekHOROWICZ, Yekutiel and
familyHOROWICZ, Moshe and
familyHOROWICZ, Yosef and
wifeHOROWICZ, Leibl and
familyHOROWICZ, widow of Enzl
Z"L and daughterHOROWICZ, LeiblHOROWICZ, HelaHOROWICZ, RuzsheHELBERG, Ester and familyHELBERG, Shlomo and
familyHENIG, Aba and wifeHENIG,YonaHENIG, Bat-shevaHENIG, LeibushHENIG, ChayaHENIG, MotlHENIG, MalkaHERSZBERG, FeivlHERSZBERG, ChaimHERSZBERG, Zalman and
familyHERSZBERG, ShmuelHERSZKOWICZ, YaakovHERSZKOWICZ, RivkaHERSZKOWICZ, AidlHERSZKOWICZ, Nutel and
childrenHERSZKOWICZ, Eliezer
and familyHERSZKOWICZ. LeahHERSZKOWICZ, ShlomoHERSZKOWICZ, Tzirl and
childrenHERSZKOWICZ, Akiva
22 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
HERSZKOWICZ,Dvorehand children
HERSZKOWICZ,FridaHERSZKOWICZ,BroniaHESZES, Shmuel and family
WOLBERG,Betzalelandfamily
WOLBERG,Hershlandfamily
WOLBROMSKI, Rachel andson
WOLBROMSKI, ChaimWOLER, IsraelWOLER, YehuditWOLER, AdelaWOLER, GeniaWOLER, Dov-BerWOLER, ManieWOLER, TzeshaWOLER. ChanaWOLER, YehosheWOLER^ FeiglWOLER, MordechaiWOLER, ShlomoWOLER, Hersh-LeibWOLFOWICZ, Chaim and
familyWOLFOWICZ, Mendl and
familyWOLFOWICZ, Hershl and
familyWOLFOWICZ, Israel and
familyWOLFOWICZ-the entire
familyWOLFSZTATD, Hersh-BerWOLFSZTATD, PerlWOLFSZTATD, FeigeleWOLFSZTATD, FeitlWOLFSZTATD, MashkaWOLFSZTATD, YehuditWAKSBOM, Henich
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WAKSBOM, BrachaWAKSBOM, TzirlWAKSBOM, MalkaWAKSBOIM,NechamaWAKSBOM, ChavaWAKSBOM, PerlWAKSBOM, IsraelWAKSBOM, FeigaWAKSBOM, PerlWAKSBOM, PinchasWAKSBOM, MosheWAKSBOM, AvrahamWAKSBOM, AlterWAKSBOM, ZeligWAKSMAN, Israel and
family
WAKSMAN, David andfamily
WAKSMAN, ChanaWARGON, Moshe and wifeWARGON, Shaul and familyWARGON, Israel and familyWARSZAWSKLYochvedWARSZAWSKLYonatanWARSZAWSKL MosheleWDOWINSKI, Sheindl-
BeilaWDOWINSKI, David and
familyWDOWINSKI, Mindel and
familyWDOWINSKI, Chana and
familyWDOWINSKI, MosheWDOWINSKI, YosefWYGODNY, Yochanan and
familyWYGNIENSKI, EtlWYGNIENSKLZevWYGNIENSKI,AvigdorWYGNIENSKI, RachelWYGNTENSKI, SarahWYGNIENSKI, Avraham-
MordechaiWYGNIENSKI, HendlWYGNIENSKLYechiel-
DavidWYGNIENSKI, RoniWYGNIENSKI, ChaimWYGNIENSKI, ToibaWYGNIENSKI, KalmanWYGNIENSKI, ToibaWYGNIENSKI, AvigdorWYGNIENSKI, SarahWYGNIENSKI, MordechaiWYGNIENSKI. HendlWYGNIENSKI, Yechiel-
DavidWYGNIENSKI. YehudahWYGNIENSKI, RachelWYGNIENSKI, RachelWYGNIENSKI. ChanaWYGNIENSKI, FrumetWYGNTENSKI, GoldaWYGNIENSKI, HendlWYGNIENSKI, MosheWYGNIENSKI, ChanaWYGNIENSKI, RachelWYGNIENSKI, NatanWYGNIENSKI, NutaWYGNIENSKI, EtlWYGNIENSKI, ZalmanWYGNIENSKI, HendlWYGNIENSKI, RuzsheWYGNIENSKI, YudlWYGNIENSKI. HendlWYGNIENSia RachelWYGNIENSKI. WolfWYGNIENSKI, ChavaWYGNIENSKI, Doba
WEIL,MindlWEIL,BerelWILNER, Zalman-Eliezer
and wifeWILNER, Yosef and familyWEINBERG, Chana (rabbi's
wife)WEINBERG, Rabbi Yechiel
YesheihuWEINBERG, Gitl (rabbi's
wife)WEINBERG, Ratzl (rabbi's
daughter)WEINBERG, Sholom
EliezerWEINBERG, ChanaleWEINBERG, Chava
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WEINBERG, GitlWEINBERG, ShlomoWEINBERG, BerelWEINBERG, BerishWEINBERG, AndzsheWEINBERG, SarahWEINBERG, IsraelWEINBERG, ToibaWEINBERG, YitzchakWEINBERG, ShlomoWEINBERG, Mordechai and
familyWEINBERG, Motl and
familyWEINBERG, Sheindl and
familyWEINBERG, Shifra and
familyWEINBERG, Shlomo and
familyWEINBERG, Chava and
familyWEINTROIB, Yedidiah and
familyWEINTROIB, ChavaWEINTROIB, ChanaWEINTROIB, BerelWEINSZTADT, YosefWEDSfSZTADT, MindlWEINSZTADT, Eliezer-Leib
and familyWEINSZTADT, Ester and
familyWEINSZTADT. YosefWEINSZTADT, Tzvi-
ShmuelWEINSZTADT, EsterWEISBERG, Simcha and
familyWEISBERG, ShmuelWEISBERG, FeiglWEISBERG, YisraelWEISBERG, DavidWEISBERG, Henich
WEISBERG, AidlWEISBERG, FeiglWEISBERG, KalmanWEISBERG, FishlWEISBERG. MotlWEISBERG, YisraelWEISBERG, DavidWEISBERG, Moshe (Max)WEISBERG, MalkaWEISBERG, KalmanWEICMAN,LeahWEICMAN, Avraham-
Yechiel and familyWEICMAN, KarolaWEICMAN, Osher and
familyWEICMAN, ChanaWEICMAN, Yaakov and
familyWEICMAN, EsterWEICMAN, Yaakov and
familyWDÎLICKOWSKI, Itshe and
familyWDELICKOWSKt, MosheWELICKOWSKLTzerkaWIELICKOWSKI, EsterWIELICKOWSKI, LibaWIELICKOWSKI, BeUaWIELICKOWSKI, ShmuelWIELICKOWSKI, YisheihuWIELICKOWSKI-the
entire familyWIELICKOWSKI, Israel-
Yitzhak and familyWEKSLER, YitzhakWEKSLER,Eliezer-DovWEKSLER, YechielWEKSLER, ShlomoWERDIGER, Simcha BinumWERDIGER, Mordechai-
Yosef and familyWERDIGER, Yitzhak-Maier
and family
ZAIONC and familyZAIONCKOWSKI, Chaim
TzviZAIONCKOWSKI, RushkaZAIONCKOWSKI, FeivlZAIONCKOWSKI, Ester-
ChanaZAIONCKOWSKI,
BeniaminZAIONCKOWSKI, ChavaZAIONCKOWSKI, HilelZAIONCKOWSKI, GutsheZAIONCKOWSKI,
Yisachar-Berish
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Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 23
ZALCBERG, Moshe-MaierZALCBERG, MalkaZALBERG, MendlZALCBERG, Sheindl and
familyZALCBERG, Wolf and
familyZALCBERG, HindaZALCBERG, Zacharia and
familyZALCBERG, Rivka and her
husbandZALCBERG, MindzsheZALCBERG, Moshe-
ShimeonZALCBERG, MalkaZALCBERG, BaltsheZALCBERG, ReizlZALCBERG, RivkaZALCBERG, EsterZALCBERG, Hertzka and
familyZALCBERG, Ruzshka and
familyZALCMAN, Beniamin and f
amilyZEIR, Boruch and familyZEIR, DavidZYLBERSZAC, Shlomo and
familyZYLBERSZTEIN, FeivishZYLBERSZTEIN, RachelZYLBERSZTEIN, AvrahamZYLBERSZTEIN, MiriamlZYLBERSZTEIN, ToibaZYLBERSZTEIN, Yozif and
familyZYLBERSZTEIN, Moshe
and familyZYLBERSZTEIN, Shushna-
ReizlZYLBERSZTEIN, ShulamitZYLBERSZTEIN,
Menachem-MendlZYLBERSZTEIN, FraniaZYLBERSZTEIN, SarahZYLBERSZTEIN, MatildaZYLBERSZTEIN, YantziaZYLBERSZTEIN, DobaZYLBERSZTEIN, SaltsheZYLBERSZTEIN, RuzsheZYLBERSZTEIN, Avraham-
MordechaiZYLBERSZTEIN, Shraga-
FeivelZYLBERSZTEIN,
MordechaiZYLBERSZTEIN, Chaya-
SarahZYLBERSZTEIN, RivkaZYLBERSZTEIN, DavidZYLBERSZTEIN, TemaZYLBERSZTEIN, Sliraga-
Feivel
ZYLBERSZTEIN, Rachel-Ruzshe
ZYLBERSZTEIN, AharonZYLBERSZTEIN, EsterZYLBERSZTEIN, SarahZYLBERSZTEIN, RachelZYLBERSZTEIN, PerlZYLBERSZTEIN, RivkaZYLBERSZTEIN, AharonZYLBERSZTEIN, Ester-
ChayaZYLBERSZTEIN, ShaulZYSHOLC, Nechemia and
familyZYSHOLC, Leibush and
familyZYSHOLC, ReizlZLOTNTX, Leibke and
familyZELCER, Yizrael David and
family2OLTY - the entire familyt ELIAZMK - the entire
family
n
HEIT, Shlomo
o
TOPORSKI, AvrahamTOPORSKI, LeahTOPORSKI, NatanTOPORSKI, RuzsheTOPORSKI, ShifraTORBECKI, LeibushTOPORSKI, PerlTOPORSKI, AlterTASZME, Avraham and
familyTASZME, GeniaTURNER, Motl
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TURNER, Sheindl-RivaTURNER, LeibushTURNER - the entire familyTURNER, EsterTURNER, LeibushTJTELMAN, Yosef and
familyTEITELBOIM, Henoch and
familyTELTELBOIM, Yekutiel and
familyTEITELBOIM, Yaakov and
familyTEITELBOIM, Pinchas and
familyTEITELBOIM, Hershl and
family
TEITELBO1M, Pinchas andfamily ï '
TEICHHOLC, Gabriel(MO'Tz)
TEICHHOLC, RivkaTEICHHOLC, MalkaTEICHHOLC, ChavaTEICHHOLC, SarahTEICHHOLC, NatanTEICHNER, Hersh-Wolf and
familyTEICHNER, RivkaTEICHNER, Yesheihu and
familyTEICHNER, Chaya
ShprintzeTEICHNER, FridelTEICHNER, Mordechai-
Akiba and familyTEICHNER, LibaTEICHNER, Aizik and
familyTISLOWICZ- the entire
familyTCHUR2, Aba and familyTEMKIN, Yehoshe and
familyTENENBOJJvI - the entire
familyTENENBOM, ShlomoTENENBOEVLPerlTENENBOLM, Leibush and
familyTREITMAN, Aharon and
wifeTREITMAN, ZeligTREISTER, Yosef and
familyTREISTER, EtlTREISTER, BlumaTREISTER, Tzvi-HershTREISTER, ZislTREISTER, YachetTREISTER, MosheTREISTER, Moshe-WolfTREISTER, Chaya-FeiglTREISTER, Yaakov-ZevTREISTER, Perl-PninaTREISTER, RachelTREISTER, Feigl-TziporaTREISTER, YehuditTREISTER, ChanaTREISTER, SarahTREISTER. Yechiel
JOACHIMEK, MalkaJABLONKA,BreindlJABLONKA, YaakovJABLONKA, MaierJABLONKA, AidlJAKUBOWICZ, ZelmanJAKUBOWICZ, Miriam
JUDENHERC - the entirefamily
JUDENHERC, PeslJUDENHERC, MoniekJUDKEWICZ, Shlomo and
familyJURISTA, Moshe-David and
familyJURISTA, Shmuel
HANEFT,EliahuHANEFT, BreindlHANEFT, ChanaCHURGIN,AhuvaCHAIMOWICZ,YitzchakCHAJMOWICZ, GoldaCHAIMOWICZ, LeahCHAIMOWICZ, ItsheCHAIMOWICZ, YaakovCHAIMOWICZ, ChainCHMIELEWSKI, AryaCIiMIELEWSKI,AhuvaCHMELEWSKL Toiba
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CHMEELEWSKI, TzilaCHMIELEWSKI, ChavaCHMIELEWSKI,AkibaCHMIELEWSKI, AilaCHMIELEWSKI, ZelmanCHCCINSKLLeahCHECINSKI, Shraga (Felix)CHÇCINSKL AvrahamCHECINSKI, BeniaminCHÇCDMSKLAkibaCHE.CINSKI, IsraelCHE.CINSKL GoldaCHECINSKI, MiriamCHÇCINSKI, Ben-TzionCHECINSKI, RivkaCHÇCINSKI, AharonCHÇCINSKI, MordechaiCHÇCINSKI, YaakovCHÇCINSKL YosefCHÇCINSKI, RivkaCHÇCINSKI, Miriam-BlumaCHÇC1NSKI, Avraham and
familyKAC, Aharon and familyKAC, Sholom and familyKAC, SholomKAC, YehuditKAC, BelaKAC, MotekKAC, Etka
J_ADY, Ezriel and family
24 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
LATOREWSKL Ruven andfamily
LATOREWSKI, Shlomo andfamily
LATOS - the entire familyLANDAU, Yitzchak MaierLANDAU, Rachel"LANDAU, MosheLANDAU, YechzkelLANDAU, AharonLONDNER, Chaim and
familyLONDNER, SarahLONDNER, MendlLONDNER, SimeonLONDNER, ReizlLONDNER, Chaim-MosheLONDNER, MaierLONDNER, DavidLONDNER, SarahLONDNER, GoldaLONDNER, Menachem-
MendlLONDNER, Chana-RoizaLAKS,YaakovLAKS,HeniaLAKS,YisraelLAKS,AvrahamLAKS, Chaim-MaierLAKS,FridaLUBLING, YaakovLUBLING, Rachel-LeahLUBLING,PerlLUBLING, HirshLUBLING, KreindlLUBLING, ChanaLAU, Gedalia and familyLAU, Israel-David and
familyLAU, SheindlLAU,KarolaLAU, WolfLAU,DobkaLIBER, Avraham and wifeLIBER, Israel and wifeLIBERMAN, ShabtaiLIBERMAN, EsterLITMANOWICZ, Berel and
familyLITMANOWICZ, LeiblLEIZEROWICZ, AvrahamLEIZEROWICZ,Yaakov
and familyLEIZEROWICZ, Moshe-
NaftaliLEIZEROWICZ, Kopl
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LEIZEROWICZ, YaakovLEIZEROWICZ, RoizaLEICHTER, Avraham and
familyLEICHTER, Vitl
LINDENFELD. Gustav andwife
LINDENFELD, Lonia andfamily
LIPMANOWICZ,TzirulLIPMANOWICZ, Dvora-
FrimetLIPMANOWICZ, Gitl-
RoclimaLIPMANOWICZ, Natan-
ChaimLIPMANOWICZ, SarahLIPMANOWICZ, Moshe-
MaierLIPMANOWICZ, FrimetLIPMANOWICZ, GdaliaLIPMANOWICZ, David-
EliyahuLIPMANOWICZ, Natan-
DovLIPMANOWICZ, FrimetLIPMANOWICZ, MaierLIPMANOWICZ, Chaya-
DvoraLIPMANOWICZ, WolfLIPMANOWICZ, BernardLIPMANOWICZ, MorisLIPMANOWICZ, FrimetLIPMANOWICZ, FridaLIPMANOWICZ, Natan-
ZachariaLIPMANOWICZ, MalkaLIPMANOWICZ, YitzhakLIPSKI, Moshe-EfraimLBPSKI, Chaya-SarahLEDERMAN, FrimetLEDERMAN, AlterLEDERMAN, FeiglLEDERMAN, ChaimLEDERMAN. OsherLEDERMAN, RachelaLEDERMAN, HodelLEDERMAN, ChayaLEDERMAN, YaakovLEDERMAN, ReizlLEDERMAN, BetzalelLEDERMAN, ShmuelLEDERMAN, ChanalaLEDERMAN, YaakovLEDERMAN, MalaLEDERMAN, YehosheLEDERMAN, YechielLEDERMAN, RivkaLEDERMAN, GoldaLEDERMAN, ShlomoLEDERMAN, EsterLEDERMAN, Leib-HershLEDERMAN, ChayaLEDERMAN. MindlLEDERMAN, RoizaLEDERMAN, Avraham-
MordechaiLEDERMAN, Reizl
LEDERMAN, Mordechaiand family
LEDERMAN, Malka andfamily
LEDERMAN, BreindlLEDERMAN, DvoraLEDERMAN, MosheLEDERMAN, KoplLEDERMAN, GutsheLEDERMAN, Yitzhak-
YaakovLEDERMAN, GabrielLEDERMAN, MosheLEDERMAN, Leib-HershLEDERMAN, ChayaLEDERMAN, MindlLEDERMAN, RoizaLEDERMAN, LeahLEDERMAN, MosheLEDERMAN, SimaLEDERMAN, ChayaLEDERMAN, MosheLEDERMAN, YoslLEDERMAN, Chaim-LeibLEDERMAN, HershlLEDERMAN, HenaLEWTNZON, TziporaLEWIN, ShaulLEWIN, Sarah
page 407:
LEWIN, RoizaLEWIN, MotlLEWIN, PerlLENTSZNER, Shmuel-LeibLENTSZNER, ChanaleLENTSZNER, MichalLENTSZNER, GutsheLENTSZNER, ShragaLENTSZNER, Mordechai
and familyLENTSZNER, SimeleLENTSZNER, Mordechai
and familyLENTSZNER, Golda
MAJEROWICZ, Avrahamand family
MAJEROWICZ, Shlomo andfamily
MAJERSOHN, Yehoshe andfamily
MAJERSOHN, LipaMACHTINGER, Chaim and
familyMACHTINGER, Hershl and
familyMACHTINGER, Zlata and
familyMACHTINGER, AlteMALINOWICER, Baltshe
MALESfOWICER, YaakovMALINOWICER, MendlMALINOWICER, SarahMALK1N - the entire familyMANDEL, Moshe-
MordechaiMANDEL, ChanaleMANDEL, Yechezkel and
familyMANDEL, ChayaMANDEL, FridlMANDEL, PerlMONETA, Leibush and
familyMANELA, David and familyMANELA, Simeon and
familyMANELA, YehosheMANELA, SimeonMANELA, BoruchMANELA, YenteMOER, Moshe and familyMOER,MonikaMOER,ZeligMOER,YosefMOER, ManiaMOER, TomashMOER, MalaMOER,Hela
MORDKOWICZ, AvrahamMORDKOWICZ, GitlMORDKOWICZ, NecheMORDKOWICZ, RoizeMORDKOWICZ, ChavaMORDKOWICZ, BeniaminMORDKOWICZ, RoizeMORDKOWICZ, EsterMORDKOWICZ, RoizeMORDKOWICZ, Sarah and
familyMORDKOWICZ, KalmanMORDKOWICZ, Hinda
RochaMORDKOWICZ, RuvenMORDKOWICZ, MadaMORDKOWICZ, ChayaMORDKOWICZ, LeahMORDKOWICZ, EvaMORDKOWICZ, DanielMORDKOWICZ, AlexanderMORDKOWICZ, ZelmanMORDKOWICZ, Bronia
(Berman)MORDKOWICZ, HeniekMARMOR,YerachmielMARMOR, ChayaMARMOR, RivkaMARMOR, HindaMARMOR, LeibMARMOR, SimeonMARKOWIECKI, Chaim-
EliyahuMARKOWIECKI, Malka
Winter 2003
MARKOWECKI, Avraham-Mordechai
MARKOWIECKI,Yesheyahu
MARKOWŒCKI, Nataii-Dov
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MARKOWIECKI, MosheMARKOWIECKI, Chana-
FeiglMARKOWIECKI, RivkaMARKOWIECKI, ReizlMARKMAN, Avigdor and
familyMARKMAN, ChavaMULSZTEIN, MosheMULSZTEIN, TziziaMULSZTEIN, EsterMULSZTEIN, FalaMODOWNÏÏC- the entire
familyMIODOWNIK- the entire
familyMEDLIARZ, Yisrael-Itzchak
and familyMIDLIARZ, BasheMEIZELS, Berish and familyMICHALEWICZ, MiriamMICHALEWICZ, SarahMICHALEWICZ, RivkaMINC, DavidMINC, TziporahMINC, RochaMINC, LeibushMINC, SimeonMINC, MiriamMINC, TobiaMINC,RechlMINC.AltaMINC, YitzchakMINC, ShmuelMINC, DinaMINC, ChayaMBSfC,HershlMINC, MichalMINC, Natan and familyMINC, Zorech and familyMINC, Yesheyahu and
familyMINC,RafalMINC, Rachel and familyMLYNARSKI, YisraelMLYNARSKI, LeahMLYNARSKI, MosheMLYNARSKL ShmuelMENDROWSKI, LeibushMENDROWSKI, GitlMERMLSZTEIN - the entire
familyMROWICZ, ShevaMROWICZ, Masha
Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
NABARSKI, Kopl andfamily
NABARSKI, Avraham andfamily
NABARSKI, Mendl andfamily
NABARSKI, Sarah-Nechaand family
NABARSKI, Yaakov-Mordechai and family
NABARSKI, SaltsheNACHEMIA, Hersh-YosefNACHEMIA, ZeligNACHEMIA, SaltsheNOIGEL, Mendl and familyNOIGEL, Yosef and familyNUTKEWICZ, Peretz and
familyNUSINOWICZ, Wolf and
familyNORK, MosheNORIK,YaakovNORK, ShmuelNORK,Alter-WolfNORIK, BaltsheNORK, ZelmanNORK, MaierNORK, ChayaNORK, Leibush and familyNEIHOIZ - the entire familyNEDZWECKLYehoshe-
DavidNEDZWECKL RivkaNEDZWECKL SarahNEDZWECKL LeiblNEDZWECKL RuvenNEDZWECKI, Chana
page 409:
D
SOBKOWSKI, AvrahamSOBKOWSKL Chaya-SarahSOBKOWSKI, LeiblSOBKOWSKI, YadziaSOBKOWSKI, MindlSOBKOWSKI, ChanaSOLOWICZ, Avraham and
familySOLOWICZ, MoniekSOLIARZ, Yosef and wifeSOL1ARZ, BerlSOLIARZ, Beniamin and
familySOLIARZ, Yitzchak-LeibSOLIARZ, Menachem-
MosheSOLIARZ, MiriamSOLIARZ, Yitzchak (Itshe)SOLIARZ, SarahSOLIARZ, Michal
SOLIARZ, ChanaSOLIARZ, BrèindlSOLIARZ, Mair and familySOLIARZ, Sheindl-ReizlSOLNK, Kalymonos-
KalmanSOLNK, Beila-DinaSOLNK, RivkaSANKEWICZ, Avraham-
Yaakov and familySANKEWICZ, Sarah-GitlSANKEWICZ, Shmuel-
YitzhakSANKEWICZ, Shprintza
and familySANKEWICZ, Yisrael-
NaftaliSANKEWICZ, Moshe and
familySANKEWICZ, LeiblSANKEWICZ, MalkaSANKEWICZ, SanaSUCHECKI, Yaakov-DavidSUCHECKI, SarahSULTANK - the entire
familySTOWECKI, YehosheSTOWECKI, MalkaSTOWECKI, BaltsheSTOWECKI, DavidSTOWECKI, RuzsheSTOWECKI, MaierSTOWECKI, Chaim-ElihuSTOWECKI, YitzhakSTOWECKI, MosheSTOWECKI, PeretzSTOWECKI, Feivish and
familySTUNDENBERG, Yosef and
familySTUNDENBERG, EliezerSTUNDENBERG, WolfSTUNDENBERG, RivkaSTUNDENBERG, ShmialiSTUNDENBERG, Peretz
and wifeSLABENCKI, Moshe and
familySLABENCKI, RMSLABENCKI - the entire
familySLUD, Yitzchak-MaierSLUD, ChanaSKOBSKI, Shmuel and
familySKOBSKI, Golda and familySKOBSKI, Itzik and familySKOBELSKI, Israel-David
and familySKOBELSKI, Moshe-Maier
and familySKOBELSKI, EUezer and
familySKOBELSKI, Zelman
25
SKOBELSKI, Yosef
EDELIST, MordechaiEDELIST,LeahEDELIST, NachumEDELIST, BertaEDELIST, RivkaEDELIST, MaierEDELIST, YisraelEDELIST, ChayaEDELIST, YitzchakEDELIST, YisraelEDELIST, HelenaEDELIST, Yaakov
page 410:
EDELIST, ChaimEDELIST, ZislEDELIST, IsraelEDELIST, ToibaEDELIST, PerlEDELIST, KreindlEDELIST, LeibushEDELIST, MendlELBOM and familyELENBOM, ZeldaENOCH, Shaul and wifeENOCH, Maier and familyENOCH, Chaim and wifeEPSZTEIN, IsraelEPSZTEIN,RiklEPSZTEIN, PerlEPSZTEIN, ZelmanEPSZTEIN-the entire
familyERLICH, Shmuel and familyERLICH, Yitzchak-MaierERLICH, LibaERLICH, YosefERLICH, ChayaERLICH, ShmuelERLICH, Itshe-MaierERLICH, ShmuelERLICH, ChayaERLICH, Maier-DavidERLICH, TobiaERNREICH, Mendl and
familyERNREICH, ChaneleERNREICH, FeiglERNREICH, Chaim and
familyERNREICH, HendlERNREICH, GutsheERNREICH, MendlERNREICH, Yehoshe and
familyERNREICH, PeslERNREICH, AryaERNREICH, LeiblERNREICH, Beila
26 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
ERNREICH, RuchlERNREICH,HendlERNREICH, YesheyahuERNREICH, MindlERNREICH, Feigl
PODOLSKI, Chaim andfamily
POTASZYNSKI, Ben-TzionPOTASZYNSKLMalkaPOTASZYNSKI, KalmaiiPOTASZYNSKI, SimaPOTASZYNSKI, FeitlPOLIAK, Dr. and familyPOLYWÂ - the entire familyPOLRYLNICH, AlterPOLRYLNICKI,HendlPOLRYLNICKI, BeilaPOLRYLNICKI,LeahPAS, Yaakov-Yitzchak and
familyPAS, Shlomo and familyPAS, Mordechai and familyPAS, MoshePAS,YechielPAS, RuvenPAS, ChayaPACYERKOWSKI, GutsheFAKTOR, Maier and familyFUXHENDLER,YosefFUXHENDLER,MalkaFUXHENDLER, ZelmanFUXHENDLER, Itshe-MaierFUXHENDLER, Ruchl and
familyFUXHENDLER, SarahFUXHENDLER, YochevedFUXHENDLER, EsterFURMAN, SarahFEIGENBOM, YesheyahuFEIGENBOIM,HodlFEIGENBOM, David
page 411:
FEIGENBOM, Polia (Perl)FEIGENBOM, IsraelFEIGENBOM, RivtsheFEIGENBLAT - the entire
familyFEIGENBLAT, ShmuelFEITEK, Chaim and familyFINKELSZTEIN, Israel-
David and familyFINKELSZTEIN, RivkaFINKELSZTEIN, Chana and
familyFINKELSZTEIN, Leib and
familyFINKELSZTEIN, Shlomo
and family
FINKELSZTEIN, Maier andfamily
FINKELSZTEIN, Chaim andfamily
FINKELSZTEIN, Miriamand family
FISZ,YeshiyahuFISZ, GitlFISZ, Moshe and familyFISZ, HeniaFISZ, SarahPLUCIEN1K, Leibush and
familyPLUCIENK, Miriam and
familyPLESZOWSKI, Peretz-YosefPLESZOWSKI. RivkaPLESZOWSKI, LeahPLESZOWSKI, ChayaPLESZOWSKI, Chanoch
and familyPLESZOWSKI, Chaim-
Hersh and familyPLESZOWSKI, YeshiyahuPLESZOWSKI, HodlPLESZOWSKI, DavidPLESZOWSKI, PerlPLESZOWSKI, RivkaPLESZOWSKI, IsraelPLESZOWSKI, YeshiyahuPLESZOWSKI, Chana-FeiglPLESZOWSKI, FridaPLESZOWSKI, GoldaPLESZOWSKI, RuchlPLESZOWSKI, SaraliFEDERGRYN and familyFEDERGRYN, ManiaFELDMAN, RuvenFELDMAN, YochevedFELDMAN, ShlomoFELDMAN, Elimelech-
KalmanFERENS, RuchlFERENS, MosheFERENS, RuzsheFERENS, FridaFERENS, ManyePROBOLOWSKL Avraham
and familyPROBOLOWSKL YekutielPROSZOWSKI,PinchasPROSZOWSKI, SarahPROSZOWSKI, ShifraPROSZOWSKI, MotlPROSZOWSKI, ShlomoPROSZOWSKI, Wolf and
familyPARDES, Yaakov and wifePARDES, Moshe-Mordcchai
and familyPARDES, Ester and familyFRUCHT, MordechaiFRUCffl; Roiza-FeiglFRUCHT, Yisrael-Yaakov
FRUCHT, NechemiaFRUCHT, RivkaFRUCHT, Shimon and
familyFRUCHT, LeibFRUCHT, MichlFRUCHT, BlumaFRUCHT. ChaimFRUCHT, Ester-YochevedFRUCHT, PinchasFRUCHT, HershlFRUCHT, NechemiaFRUCHT, YitzchakFRUCHT, YaakovFRUCHT, LeiblPRZYSUSKI, Sarah and
familyPRZENDZA, Hershl and
familyPRZEPIORKA, Yechiel and
familyFRIDBERG, Ruchl
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FRIDBERG, MiriamFRIDBERG, YehosheFRIDBERG, GitlFRIDBERG, MosheFRIDBERG, FeiglFRIDBERG, ChaimFRIDBERG, RivkaFRIDBERG, Avraham-MaierFRIDBERG, DvorehFRIDBERG, AharonFRIDBERG, EsterFRIDBERG, BlumaFRIDBERG, Hinda-FeiglFRIDBERG, RivkàFRIDBERG, AvrahamFRIDBERG, David and
familyFRIDBERG, MaierFRIDBERG, DinahFRIDBERG, GabrielFRIDBERG, FrimetFRIDBERG, IsraelFRIDBERG, LeibushFRIDBERG, MosheFRIDBERG, SarahFRIDBERG, MotkeFRIDBERG, NachumFRIDBERG, ReizlFRIDBERG, Yitzchak-Leib
and familyFRIDBERG, Kalman and
familyFRIDBERG, ZeldaFRIDBERG, MosheFRIDBERG, Yehoshe and
familyFRIDMAN,Yosefand
familyFRIDMAN, Yichiel (Chilka)
FRIDMAN, Golda (Olya)PREIS, ItshePREIS, RuzshePREIS,FeivlPREIS, MoniekPREIS, ChayaPREIS, ShlomoPREIS, RuvenPREIS, YosefPREIS. YosefPREIS, IsraelPREIS, MichalPREIS, ShmuelPREIS, YosefPREIS, BeniaminPREIS, MotlPREIS, Motl and familyPREIS, ManyePREIS, YosefPREIS, MindlPREIS, MoshePREIS, ZoshkaPREIS, MinaPREIS, David and family
CALCYNSKI, Shmuel-Zeligand family
CALCYNSKI, MalkaCWEIGENBAUM, YaakovCWEIGENBAUM, MichlCWEIGENBAUM, ChanaCWEIGENBAUM. KeilaCWEIGENBAUM, LeibushCWEIGENBAUM, YitzchakCWEIGENBAUM, IsraelCWEIGENBAUM. AvrahamCUKER,MendlCUKER,GitlCUKER, RivkaCUKER, GoldCUKERMAN, Pinchas and
familyCUKERMAN, SimchaCYTRIN - the entire familyCYTR1NBAUM, Shmuel-
ZeligCYTRINBAUM,NechaCYTRINBAUM, GitlCYTRINBAUM, Chana
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CYTRINBAUM, AlteleCYTRINBAUM, RivkaCYTRINBAUM, KeiltsheCYTRINBAUM. Ber-WolfCYMERMAN, ShmuelCYMERMAN, SheindlCYMERMAN, LeiblCYMERMAN. IsraelCYMERMAN. PerlCYMERMAN, Moshe
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 27
CYMERMAN, ChayaCYMERMAN, AlterCYMERMAN, RuzsheCEDERBAUM - the entire
family
KOZLOWSKI, Tzvi-HershKOZLOWSKI, SarahKOZLOWSKI, ChanaKOZLOWSKI, YichielKOZLOWSKI, DavidKOZLOWSKI, ChayaKOZLOWSKI, Yaakov-
MaierKOZLOWSKI, OsherKOZLOWSKI, TzviKOZLOWSKI, BeniaminKOZLOWSKI, LeahKOZLOWSKI, MordechaiKOZLOWSKI, AvrahamKOZLOWSKI, Yaakov-
MaierKOZLOWSKI, MendlKOZLOWSKI, TzviKOZLOWSKI, Sarali-HendlKOZLOWSKI, ChanaKOZLOWSKI, YichielKOZLOWSKI, ChayaKOZLOWSKI, DovKOZLOWSKI, Yaakov-
MaierKOZLOWSKI, TziporahKOZLOWSKI, Ruven-
YichielKOZLOWSKI, DvorehKOHEN, Zishe and familyKOHEN, Pinchas and familyKOHEN, Shmuel and familyKALISZ, Hershl and familyKOMAR,LibaKOMAR, Avraham-YitzchakKOMAR, ChanaKOMAR, DvorehKAMRAT,GitlKAMRAT, ChanaKAMRAT, RuchlKANTOROWICZ, AvrahamKANTOROWICZ, ChanaKANTOROWICZ, MiriamlKONŒCPOLSKL Yosef and
wifeKOSOWSKI, Moshe and
familyKOSOWSKI, HadasahKOSOWSKI, NechemiaKOSOWSKI, RivkaKOSOWSKI, HindaKOSOWSKI, Leib and
familyKOSOWSKI, Fishl and
familyKOSOWSKI, Chana-Leah
KOSOWSKI. Yiçhiel-MosheKOSOWSKI, ChayaKOSOWSKI, SheindlKASYRER, EsterKASYRER, BrachaKASYRER, LeiblKASYRER, ShprintzaKASYRER, Chaim and
familyKASYRER. ChanaKOPLOWICZ, Yosef and
familyKOPLOWICZ, Aba and wifeKOPLAN - the entire familyKOPELMEISTER, Yeshiahu
and familyKOKELKA, Moshe and
familyKOKŒLKA, Shmuel and
familyKOKŒLKA, Moshe and
familyKOKŒLKA, Zusman and
family
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KOKŒLKA, ChaimKARDOWICZ,Yaakov-
Mendl and wifeKORNBERG, YosefKORNBERG, ChaimKORNBERG, AryaKORNBERG, Natan-DavidKORN, NechemiaKORN, NaftaliKORN, SarahKORN,EliezerKORN, Tziporah-LeahKORN, Moshe-ShmuelKORN,FreidlKORN,BeilaKAUFMAN, YaakovKAUFMAN, YitzchakKAUFMAN, AvrahamKAUFMAN, ZusmanKAUFMAN, BaltziaKAUFMAN, BeniaminKAUFMAN, EidlKAUFMAN, LeibKAUFMAN, SinchaKAUFMAN, Zusman and
familyKAUFMAN, YosefKAUFMAN, ChaneleKAUFMAN, LeiblKAUFMAN, RivkaleKAUFMAN, Zusman and
familyKAUFMAN, BaltziaKAUFMAN, LeahKOLYMEK, Aba and familyKOLYMEK, Moshe-Chaim
and family
KUPERBERG, Moshe andfamily
KUSZNIEWSKLHershKUSZNIEWSKI,MaierKEIZER, Feigl and familyKEIZER, Yosef and familyKEIZER, ChayaKLUSKA,Zev-Wolfand
familyKLUSKA, SarahKLUSKA, GitlKLUSKA, Henia and familyKLUSKA, ShifraKLUSKA, FrumetKLUSKA, LeahKLUSKA, Yehudah and
familyKLUSKA, ChayaKLEINER, Moshe and
familyKENIG, David and familyKENIG, SheindlKENIGSZTEIN,HilelKENIGSZTEIN, ChanaKENIGSZTEIN, ChayaKENIGSZTEIN, YaakovKENIGSZTEIN, EtlKENIGSZTEIN, YitzchakKENIGSZTEIN, EsterKENIGSZTEIN, MenachemKENIGSZTEIN, TziporaKERNER - the entire familyKRASZNIECKL ChanaKRASZNIECKI, EliezerKRASZNIECKI, MendlKRASZNIECKI, SarahKREMSKI, Shimon and
familyKREMSKI, Eidl and familyKREMSKI, Shmuel and
familyKREMSKI, FridlKREMSKI, ChayaKREMSKI, Feivish and
familyKREMSKI, MosheKREMSKI, Yosef and familyKREMSKI, DvorehKREMSKI, DobaKREMSKI, DavidKREMSKI, FrumetKREMSKI, David and
family
ROZDZIAL, Reizl
p:age415:
ROZENBOM, LibaROZENBOIM, Yitzchak and
family
ROZENBOIM, Sheindeleand family
ROZEN, SholomROZEN,LipaROZEN, MonishROZEN, ShmuelROZEN, IsraelROZEN, RonikROZEN, AizikROZEN, DavidROZEN, ManeleROZENHOLC, YosefROZENHOLC, Sarah ChanaROZENHOLC, BoruchROZENHOLC, YehudahROZENHOLC, Yitzchak-
MaierROZENHOLC, ZevROZENHOLC, ShoshanaROZENHOLC, ToibaROZENHOLC, ZeligROZENHOLC, NaftaliROZENHOLC, ShlomoROZENHOLC, ShoshanaROZENHOLC, ZeligROZENHOLC, YonahROZENHOLC, RivkaROZENHOLC, NaftaliROZENHOLC, ShoshanaROZENHOLC, LeahROZENHOLC, EdinaROZENHOLC, Berl and
familyROZENHOLC, Yaakov and
familyROIZENTAL, LeahleROZENCWEIG, Zalman-
Yosef and familyROZENCWEIG, Shaul and
familyROZENCWEIG, ElimelechROTBARD,Eliezerand
familyRAFALOWICZ - the entire
familyRAKOWSKI, Yosef and
familyRAKOWSKI, Beniamin and
familyRAKOWSKI, Yehoshe and
familyRAKOWSKI, Chaim and
familyRAKOWSKI, Yosef and
familyRAKOWSKI. Ruzshe and
familyRAKOWSKI, Hendl and
familyRAKOWSKI, Shmuel and
familyRUBINSKL YosefRUBINSKLFeigeRUBINSKI, Roza
28 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
RUBINSKI, TzeshaRUBINSKI, PinchasRUBINSKI, MosheRUBINSKI, ItsheRUBINSKI, FeigeRUBINSKI, RuzsheRUBINSKI, FalaRUBINEK, ChanaRUBINEK, YesheyahuRUBINEK, MosheRUBINEK, LipaRUBINEK, MorchechaiRUBINEK, RivkaRUBINEK, Yesheyahu-Leib
and familyRUBINEK, IsraelRUBINSZTEIN, Chaim-
MendlRUBINSZTEIN, Chaya-
ReizlRUBINSZTEIN, MendlRUBINSZTEIN, RatzlRUBINSZTEIN, AkibaRUBINSZTEIN, YosefRUBINSZTEIN, BerlRUBINSZTEIN, Moshe-
FishlRUBINSZTEIN, GutsheRUBINSZTEIN, SaltsheRUBINSZTEIN, MiriamRUBINSZTEIN, ReizlRUBINSZTEIN, MindlRUBINSZTEIN, Chaim-
NatanRUBINSZTEIN, KalmanRUBINSZTEIN, DoraRUBINSZTEIN, Eliezer
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RUBINSZTEIN, AkibaRUBINSZTEIN, DvorehRUBINSZTEIN, EsterRUBINSZTEIN, RivkaRUBINSZTEIN, ChanaRUBINSZTEIN, GnendlRUBINSZTEIN, AbaRYBAK, SarahRYBAK,EliyahuRIGER, AlexanderRIGER, MalkaRIGER, TziporaRIGER, TzviREIZMAN, HenichREIZMAN, SarahREIZMAN, FalaREIZMAN, Zusman and
familyREIZMAN, ZisheREIZMAN-the entire
familyRTTERBAND, MendlRITERBAND, FeigeRITERBAND, Ester
RITERBAND, RuchelRITERBAND, FreidlRITERBAND, SarahRITERBAND, PeslRrrERBAND, TzirulRJTERBAND,YentlRITERBAND, FeivlRITERBAND, MiriamRITERBAND, MosheRITERBAND, ItsheRITERBAND, RuvenRITERBAND, FeiglRITERBAND, SarahRITERBAND, Ben-TzionRITERBAND, RivkaRITERBAND, Israel and
familyRECHT - the entire familyREMBISZEWSKLHendlRENKOSZYNSKI, Leibush
and familyRENKOSZYNSKI, ChayaRENKOSZYNSKI, Gitl
SZAULEWICZ, Shaul andfamily
SZACHTER, Shmuel andfamily
SZACHTER, DvorehSZACHTER, EidlSZACHTER, RudaSZACHTER, SimaSZACHTER, GoldaSZAL, MendlSZAL, FrumetSZAL, ChayaSZAL, FreidlSZAL, BaltzyeSZAFERMAN, Dr. Julian
and wifeSZAPSZOWICZ,Yaakov
and familySZAPSZOWICZ, Ruven and
familySZAPSZOWICZ, HindaSZAPSZOWICZ, Maier-
SholomSZAPSZOWICZ, YesheyahuSZAPSZOWICZ, Zelman
and familySZAPSZOWSKI. YehudahSZAPSZOWSKI, TziporaSZAPSZOWSKI, YoelSZAPSZOWSKI, DavidSZAPSZOWSKI, YitzchakSZAPSZOWSKI, SarahSZAPSZOWSKI, ChanaSZAPSZOWSKI, YonahSZWARCBARD, ZisheSZWARCBARD, ManyeSZWARCBARD. AvrahamSZWARCBARD, Zoshke
SZWARCBARD, LeonSZWARCBARD, AdelaSZWARCBARD, NinaSZWARCBAUM,Hershl
and familySZWARCBAUM, Manye
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SZWARCMAYER, Mosheand family
SZWARCMAYER, GutsheSZULMAN-the entire
familySZTARK, IsraelSZTARK, VitlSZTARK, DavidSZTARK, Shimon and
familySZTARK, Zelda and familySZTARK, ZusmanSZTARK, FeiglSZTARKMAN, AharonSZTARKMAN, ReizlSZTARKMAN, YosefSZTARKMAN, DinaSZTARKMAN, PeslSZTARKMAN, YehudahSZTARKMAN, FeiglSZTERNZYS, Aharon-Yosef
and wifeSZTERNFELD, Yonah and
familySZTERNFELD, YosefSZTERNFELD, RuzsheSZTERNFELD, FelaSZTERNFELD, MalaSZTERNFELD, FridaSZTERNFELD, YitzchakSZTERNFELD, YaakovSZTERNFELD, LeonyaSZTERNFELD, MalaSZTERNFELD, PinchasSZTERN, Yitzchak-Maier
and familySZTROZBERG- the entire
familySZTRUMF, Moshe and wifeSZYDLOWSKI, Hena-
RachelSZYDLOWSKI, IsraelSZYDLOWSKI, Chana-
MiriamSZYDLOWSKI, Moshe-
DavidSZYDLOWSKL KalmanSZEKEWICZ, ManyeSZEIKEWICZ, SalaSZLEDZK, YaakovSZLEDZK, DinaSZLEDZK, NemiSZLEDZK, ChayaSZLEDZK, Aba and familySZLEDZK, Yosef & family
SZLENCKI,Maierandfamily
SZLENCH, Wolf and familySZLENCKI, Hertzka and
familySZLENCKI, Shlomo and
familySZLENCKL Avraham and
familySZLENCKI, EsterSZLENCKI, ZevSZLENCKI. MosheSZLENCKI, YonahSZLENCKI, FridaSZLENCKI, YitzchakSZLENCKL ChayaSZLENCKL NemiSZLENCKI, DinaSZLENCKL YaakovSZELER - the entire familySZELER, ChanaSZELER, Shmuel-ZainvilSZELER, MalkaSZELER, ChanaSZELER, EliezerSZELER, YoelSZENKER, Rikl and familySZENKER, Aharon-ShmuelSZENKER, ZusmanSZENKER, Aharon-BerSZENKER, Moshe-MaierSZENKER, Yaakov and
familySZPELBERG, Avraham-
Yosef and familySZPILBERG, Eliyahu and
familySZPILBERG,HershlSZPILBERG, DavidSZP1LBERG, RivkaSZPILBERG, HershlSZPILBERG, YaakovSZPILBERG, NanaSZPILBERG, Yitzchak and
family
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SZPIRA, Shlomo(HaAdmo'rZTz"L)
SZPIRA, Chava-Matl(RebbetzinZTz"L)
SZPIRA, Chaya Rachl (wifeof HaAdmo'r of KinskZTz"L)
SZPIRA, Perl (Rebbetzinfrom Lopuszno)
SZPIRA, MiriamSZPIRA, YochevedSZPIRA, Rabbi Yaakov-
YitzchakZ"LSZPIRA, ChaimSZPIRA, Chana
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 29
Jçdrzejôw - 1929 Business Directory EntriesTranscribed by Warren Blatt
Transcribed below are the entries for Jçdrzejôw from the 1929 Polish business directory Ksiçga AdresowaPolski (Wraz z w.m. Gdarislciem) diet Handlu, Przemysk Rzemiosf i Rolnictwa [Directory of Poland(including Gdansk) for trade, industry, handicraft and agriculture], (Warszawa, 1929), pages 213-214.For more information about this directory, see Kielce-Radom SIG Journal IV: 1 (Winter 2000), pages 27-29.
The directory is organized by province, then by town, and then by occupation within each town. Theoccupations are listed alphabetically in Polish (except for the first few officials and medical/legalprofessions), with French translation following.
For this transcript, I have alphabetized the entries by surname, with the occupation heading as the secondcolumn. I've omitted some information, such as street names, business names, and the French and Englishtranslations of the occupation headings. For the full original entries, see the page images online at< http://www.jewishgen.org/jri-pl/bizdir/start.htm >. We thank JRI-Poland for making these pages available.
Abramowicz, J.Abramowicz, M.Abramowicz, S.Abramowicz, S.Adamowicz, Dr. Fr.Adamowicz, Franc.Adelist, M.Anklewicz, I.Apelsztajn, S.Bakiewicz, M.Barmacz, G.Bekman, T.Bekman, T.Belfer, Sz.Berkowicz, A.Berliner, R.Bialas, G.Bialas, G.Bialkowski, B.Bialkowski, S.Bialek, M.Bilet, T.Binkiewicz, M.Blakowski, Ch.Blakowski, J.Bleslauer, Ch.Blicharski, A.Bobrowska, J.Bojgen, E.Bolechowski, J.Bolechowski, M.Borensztajn, J.Borensztajn, S.Borensztajn, Z.Brajtbord, D.Brajtbord, I.Brajtbort, A.Brajtbort, 1.Brajtbort, I.Brajtbort, J.Brajtbort, Z.Brandys, Ch.Brandys, M.Brener, M.Breslauer, A.
WedlinyWedlinyNierogacizna - handRzeznicyStraz ogniowa...Lekarze weterynarjiPieczywoPowroznicyZbozeStolarzeSpozywce art.CukiernieWody gazowe - fab.PieczywoTechnicy dentyst.PiwiarnieHoteleRestauracjeSzewcySzewcyKrawcyWinaRymarzeZbozeZbozeZegarmistrzeTytoniowe wyrobyKsiegarnieSpozywce art.HoteleStolarzeKrawcyTytoniowe wyrobyKrawcyKrawcyStolarzeBlawatySpozywce art.IJbrania gotoweZbozeZbozeZbozePiekamieBlawatyKapelusze
Breslauer, A. I.Breslauer, M.Breslauer, M.Breslauer, R.Broszkiewicz, F.Brzeziiiski, W.Buchbinder, I.Bukowski, J.Burko, A.Burzaiiski, A.Celejewski, K.Chaimowicz, Ch.Chmielarz, J.Chmielewski, A.Chrzanowski, J.Cialowicz, Leon dr.Ciastowska, J.Cichori, J.Ciechanowski, W.Ciszewski, A.Ciszewski, K.Cmakowski, W.Cukierman, P.Cwitlinska, S.Cymerman, A,Cymerman, Ch.Cytrynbaum, Sz.Czajor, J.Czalszyiiski, Ch.Czaryski, K.Czech, H.Dabrowski, K.Daszkiewicz, S.Dawidowicz, W.Debowski, M.DikermanDikerman, S.Diksztajn, F.Dizner, A.Domagaia, P.Duliiiska, I.Dutkiewicz, J.Dutkiewicz, S.DykermanDynek, L.
GalenterjaCegielnieOpalSpozywce art.Maszyny do szyciaSzewcyBlawatyRzeznicySpozywce art.Spozywce art.WçdlinySzewcyRzeznicyPieczywoRzeznicyLekarzePiekamieKomisowe domySzewcySlusarzeWyszynk trunkôwFelczerzySpozywce art.PiekamieMlynySpozywce art.SkôryKolodziejeSpozywce art.Spozywce art.KomornicyTytoniowe wyrobyNierogacizna - handSzewcyRzeznicyLancuchy - fabrykiMetalowe wyrobyKamasznicyRolnicze narzedziaWôdki i likierySpozywce art.MalarzeGips - eksploatacja2 elazne wyrobyMalarze
Dziadek, Ch.Edelist, L.Eibuszyc, H.Eibuszyc, J.Eisenberg, L.Epstein, I.Epsztajn, BertaErenrajch, Ch.Erlich, J.Erlich, M.Fajgenblat, Ch.Fajtek,H.Fajtek, J.Falkowski, K.Ferens, B.Fidko.A.Finkelsztajn, I.Finkelsztajn, I.D.Fisz,S.Fiszer, W.Fiutek,P.FiutkoFrackiewicz, M.Fridberg, Sz.Friedberg, D.Friedman, J.Frucht, Ch.Frucht, M.Frucht, M.Frydberg, A.Frydman, L.Gajas, St.Gajerski, A.Gajerski, J.Garfinkiel, B.Garfinkiel, J.Gamcarski, L.Gamcarski, S.Gebrowicz, M.Giersztajn, I.Gilbert, S.Ginsberg, I.Gitler, P.Qas,M.Glejzer, A.
PiwiamieRzeznicyKolonjalne art.GalenterjaZelazoWinaLekarze dentysciWapnoSpozywce art.KamasznicyPiekamieZbozeZbozeMurarzeZelazoRestauracjeWapnoGalenterjaZbozeTytoniowe wyrobyKowaleHoteleWedlinyBielizna - pracown.OpalJubilerskie wyrobyBydlo - handelBlawatySpozywce art.Spozywce art.KamasznicyWôdki i likieryBednarzeFotograficzne zakl.Spozywce art.Kolonjalne art.KrawcySzewcySpozywce ait.ZbozeHerbaciarnieKolonjalne art.RestauracjePieczywoHerbaciamie
30
Giuzman, A.GodowskiGodowski, K.Golab, P.Golebiowska, I.Golçbiowski, J.Golebiowski, K.Golçbiowski, S.Goldberg, M.Goldblit,N.Goldman, A. J.Goldsztajn, F.Golsztajn, J.Gomulko, E.Gondzik, K.Gôrska, S.GôrskiGotfrid, S.Gotfryd, Sz.Gotlib, D.Gotlib, L.Gotlieb, E.Grabowski, A.Grabowski, A.Grajpner, M.Grenda,W.Grinberg, H.Grinberg, J.Grinberg, S.Grinblat, L.Grinszpan, S.Grosman, M.Grzybowski, M.Grzybowski, M.Grzybowski, M.Grzybowski, S.Grzybowski, WladHalpem, H.HalprynHalpryn, J.Halpryn, S.Halpryz, Sz.Hamer, G.Hammermesz, M.Hanchaus, H.Handelsman, H.Hauchaus, C.Hecht,J.HelbergHelberg,K.Henik,A.Herszberg, F.Herszberg, L.Herszkowicz, J.Herszkowicz, K.Hilberg, K.Horowicz, A.Horowicz, J.Horowicz, J.Horowicz, J.Horowicz, M.Horowicz, T.IckowiczIckowiczIckowicz, S.Isakow, H.Isakow, M.Isserowski, S.Izraelewicz, F.
DrôbSlusarzeReparacyjne warsz.OpalIntroligatorzyGalenterjaRzeznicyHerbaciarnieSpozywce art.KamasznicyDrukarnieKrawcyKapeluszeTytoniowe wyrobySpozywce art.Tytoniowe wyrobyGorzelnieZbozePierzeBudulecSpozywce art.TartakiSamochodowa...Spozywce art.PiekamieStolarzeSpozywce art.Spozywce art.Spozywce art.Spozywce art.Spozywce art.BlawatyBetonowe wyrobyBudowlane mater.OpalOpalAdwokaciKsiegamieRolnicze narzedziaNaftaZbozeNaftowe produktySpozywce art.Krawcy2elazoGalenterjaKrawiectwo dams.Prôsb i tlumaczeriPtémienne materialNaftowe produktySpozywce art.Spozywce art.Spozywce art.OpalStolarzeNaftowe produktyGips - eksploatacjaCegielnieSpozywce art.TartakiOpalZbozeLaricuchy - fabryki2 elazne wyrobyMetalowe wyrobyCegielnieHerbaciamieSpozywce art.Spozywce art.
Jabôbczyk, W.Jakubowicz, D.Jakubowicz, Z.Janikowska, W.Janikowski, J.Janikowski, J.Janowska, K.Janowski, R.Jedrzejewski, W.Judkiewicz, R.Jugler, E.Kabziiiski, R.Kabziriski, S.Kac,A.Kac, Sz.KajderowiczKajzer, A.Kalisz, A.KamratjS.KauflerICaufman, G.Kemer,H.M.Kiersztajn, J.Kiersztajn, J.Kochenj P.Kochen, S.Kogut, F.Kompe
Konieczyriski, G.KopecKosowski, F.Kowalczewska, M.Kozek,W.Kozlowski, H.Krajewski, J.Krawczynski, A.Krupski, M.KruszyriskiKsieska, R.KulimekKuperberg, A.Kuperberg, M.Kurkowski, J.Kurzyk, drKust, J.Kusto, L.
Kwainiewska, Ch.Laks,J.Laskowski, M.Latos, W.Lech, F.Leczner, M.Lederman, A.Lederman, Ch.Lederman, U.Lejzorowicz, Ch.Lentner, W.Liber, A.Liberman, M.Liberman, Sz.Lipmanowicz, Ch.Lipmanowicz, M.Lipmanowicz, W.Londner, Ch.LubichLegowik, A.Lojewski, T.Maj,M.Majcherski, W.
at Volume 7, Number 1
RestauracjeSpozywce art.Bydlo - handelRestauracjeKinematografyRestauracjeIntroligatorzyKsiegamieStolarzeRôzne towaryBlawatyRymarzeTapicerzySpozywce art.Kiszki zwierzaceFelczerzyZbozeSpozywce art.BlacharzeTechnicy dentyst.KrawcyMlynyReparacyjne warsz.Zelazo - odlewnieSpozywce art.BlawatySpozywce art.FryzjerzyMlynyKapeluszePiekamieSpozywce art.CiesleKrawcyAptekiApteczne skladyHerbaciamieKotlamieSpozywce art.Spozywce art.Bydlo - handelRzeznicyRzeznicyLekarzeKapelusze damskieSpozywce art.FryzjerzySkôrySpozywce art.WedÛnyTapicerzyKrawcySpozywce art.BlawatyWorkiStolarzeMurarzeBlawatyOpalOpalSpozywce art.BlawatyUbrania gotoweSkoryMlynyAkuszerkiWedlinyFryzjerzyMurarze
MajchrzakMajchrzak, A.Majchrzak, K.Majecka, Z.Majecki, T.Majersohn, S.MajewskiMakowski, J.Manela, D.Manela, S.Markowiecki, E.Markowiecki, L.Maslowska, F.Mendrowski, L.Michalkiewicz, J.Michlewicz, A.Miedziriski, S.Migalski, A.Miksztal, P.Miksztal, P.Minc,D.Mine, N.Misialski, Jan.Misialski, Jôz.Mordkowicz, B.Mordkowicz, Z.Mrôz,K.Mrôz, WincentyMydlarz, I.Nachemja, Sz.Najchaus, L.Nawarro, B.Nawarski, K.Niedzwiecki, D.Niedzwiecki, S.Norych, I.Nowacki, Ign.Nowak, dr.Nowak, L.Nowakowski, W.Nurczuriski, M.Nurczynska, J.Nurczyriski, G.Nusymowicz, W.Obarzanek, M.Obarzanek, M.Obicki, A.Obicki, J.Okowita, J.Okowita, W.Okrajm, W.OEwkiewicz, I.Oliwkiewicz, J.Olszewski, JanOselka, Ch. L.Osiriski, A.Osiriski, K.Osmenda, L.Ossja, D.PacanowskiPakaszewski, S.Pakaszewski, S.Paszta, B.Paul, P.Pelman, Sz.PiotrkowskiL.Pleszowski, H.Podraza, S.Podroza, T.
Winter 2003
Rôzne towarySpozywce art.Spozywce art.Spozywce art.HerbaciamieDrozdzeGorzelniePaszaPiwiarnieOpalZbozeSpozywce art.Krawiectwo dams.RestauracjeKrawcyPierzeZbozeWedlinyTytoniowe wyrobyWedlinyBlawatyZelazoSlusarzeSlusarze2elazoDrukarnieSpozywce art.Dachôwki - fabrykiKrawcyGalenterjaSpozywce art.WedunyZbozeOwocamieSpozywce art.SzewcyAdwokaciLekarzeReparacyjne warsz.Reparacyjne warsz.RzeznicyKolonjaine art.Kolonjalne art.Spozywce art.ZbozeZiemioplodySzewcySzewcyZbozeZbozePrôsb i tlumaczeriRzeznicyFryzjerzyLekarze weterynarjKrawcyBednarzeBednarzeWedlinySpozywce art.BurmistrzSpozywce art.Tytoniowe wyrobySpozywce art.KrawcyStolarzeKowaleKrawcyStolarzeNierogacizna - han.
Winter 2003
Pol, APoniewierska, JPopielcki, APopow, APotaszynski, BPros, HProfesorski, MPrzepiorka, ChPrzypkowski, Fel drPutowski, JRadzrwill, ks PRadzrwill, ks PRadzrwiU, ks PRajsman ARatusinski, ARatusinski, ARekoszynski, LRecht,NRogulska, KRosenholc, BRosenholc, RRotbaum, MRotenberg, K.Rozen, SRozenberg, JRozencweig, ARozenholc, BRozenholc, IRozenholc, JRozental, LRozenwald, DRozenzweig, ZRubinek, JRubinek, SRubinski, JRubinski, PRubmstein, ChRubinstein, MRytteiband, BRytteiband, DRytterband, FRytteiband, MSakowski, JSankowicz, HSankowicz, HSankowicz, MSibielak, SzSkompka, LSlabecki, MSlabecki, LSlabecki, MSlaska,JSledzik, ChSledzik, JSledzik, MSledzik, RSmaglowski, ESmerdzynski, JSobel, DSobel, DSobkowska, TSobkowski, AbrSobkowski, AdbaSobkowski, LSolarz, ASolarz, ISolruk,K.Stark, S
Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
KowaleRestauracjeFelczerzyKowaleBlawatyKrawcyPierzeProsb l tlumaczenLekarzeKowaleGorzelmeMlynyR>bolowstwoWyszynktrunkowKafle - fabrykiZduniZbozeKamasznicyWedknyPieczywoPieczywoPiekamieKamasznicyOwocamieOpalDachowki - fabrykiSpozywce artPiekamieSpozywce artSpozywce artZbozeGalenterjaGalenterjaSpozywce artGalenterjaGalenterjaBlaoharzeBlacharzeZelazo2elazoSpozywce artCukierkiPowrozmcyOlejarnieSpozywce artTytoniowe wyrobySpozywce artMurarzeKrawcyPieczywoPieczywoTytoniowe wyrobyBlawatyKrawcyBlawatyKapeluszeAptekiRzeznicyPrzewozowe przedRozne towaryAkuszerkiFelczerzyFelczerzyFelczerzySpozywce artSpozywce artZbozeSpozywce art
Stempczyk, KSternzys, JStobiecki, AStobiecki, AStobiecki, DStoklosa. BStraszak, WStrauch, SStrumpf, MSucharkiewicz, ASwierszcz, JSyglewiczSzachter, SSzapszewicz, RSzaulewicz, DSzczecinski, KSzczecinski, WSzczerba, WSzelcer, HSzenkier, ESzlar,M ZSzlecki, MSzlecki, WSzmulewicz, ISzpilberg, MSzpilberg, MSzpilberg, MSzpiro, SzSztarkman, ASztemteldSzternfeld, BSztemfeld, PSztrauch, USzulewicz, RSzydlowski, FSzydlowski, ISzydlowski, SSzyjewicz, BSzyjewicz, FSzyndler, JSzyszkowski, Ilaborowski,ATajchner, ATajchner, BTa)chner, HTajtelbaum, BTasmin, ATchorz, ATemkin, SzTenenbaum, ChTenenbaum, ChTenenbaum, FTenenbaum, NTerbk, JToczylowska, JTopiol, ATrajster, BTrajster, JTrajster, JakTrajster, JosTreter, ITurner, STylko, FTytelman, JTytko,FUramowski, FUrbach, MWainrajch, I
Obuwie r , - ;Spozywce artMlynyTartakiSzewckie przyboryTytoniowe wyrobyKrawcyZbozeKrawcySpozywce artSamochodowaAkuszerkiPiekamieZbozeKamasznicyPiekamiePiekamieCiesieWegielSkoryRzeznicySpozywce artSpozywce artSzewcyBrowaryMlynyTartakiSzewcySkoryRozne towaryPrzewozowe przedMlynyKomisowe domyGalenterjaSzewcyRymarzeTapicerzySpozywce artAkuszerkiMurarzeRestauracjeKrawcyFryzjerzyAkuszerkiFryzjerzyWegielObuwieZbozeSpozywce artBiebzna - pracowZbozeSkoryFelczerzyBlacharzeUbezpieczenioweCegielnieSzklo I porcelanaWody gazowe - fabSkorySkoryTytoniowe wyrobyZbozeSlusarzeBlawatyKowaleSzewcySpozywce artGalenterja
Wajcman, UWajLLWajnberg, BWajnrajch, DWajntraub, MWajntraub, TWajsb, MWajsberg, HWajsberg, RWaksman, IWalnik,AWalnik, JWargon, MWdowinski, NWeintraub, MWekslerWekslerWeksler, MWerdiger, MWerdyger JWerdygier, JWertheim, FWertheim, FWertheim, ZWielowiejski, StWilczkowksi, SWilczkowska, RWilczkowski, I JWilczkowski, JWilczkowski, LWinnicki, AntWolbromskiWolfowicz, MWolfowicz, RWolfsztadt, BWolfsztat, MWolter, IWygnanski, ChWygnanski, JWygnanski, NWygnanski, NWygodny, JZajaczkowska, EZajd,BZajdler, SZajtmanZakrzewska, ZZalcberg, JZalcberg, MZalcberg, MZatorowski, RZawadzka, MZelaznik, MZelcer, DZelkowicz, LZielonka, WZilberszac, AZilbersztajn, AZisholc, RZunszajn, BZylberszac, AZylberszac, LZylberszac, SzZylbersztajn, DZylbersztajn, FZylberszta]n, JZylbersztajn, MZysholc, R
31
SzczotkarzeSpozywce artSpozywce artZiemioplodyMynySpozywce artHerbaciamieBudulecSpozywce artZbozeWedlinyRzeznicyZbozeBlawatyGalenterjaCegielniePrzewozowe przedRozne towaryBrowaryMlynyTartakiEkspedytorzyGips - eksploataqaGips - eksploatacjdMlynyMlynySpozywce artMynyPieczywoRzeznicyNotarjuszeKrawcyKamasznicyBiebzna - pracowObuwieSkoryPiekamieZbozeZbozeSpozywce artWody gazowe - fabKrawcyRzeznicyZbozeKrawcyAkuszerkiRestauraqeKrawcyObuwieSzewcyPiekamieKrawcyMydlo - fabrykiKsiegarnieSzewcyKolodziejeBlacharzeSkoryZbozePi&nienne materSzklo I porcelanaSzklo I porcelanaSpozywce artBlawatySpozywce artBlawatyKolonjalne artOwocarnie
32 Kielce-Radom SI G Journal Volume 7, Number I Winter 2003
Conferences, Concidences, Connections = GenealogyMy Shtetl, Ilza
Betty Provizer Starkman
For over twenty years I have been searching for fellow descendants of my shtetl Ilza (Drilge). MyUtopian dream has been to fence in the former (non-existent) Jewish Cemetery and to erect a singlemonument memorializing the ancient Jewish community. Some readers may recall my article and photosof the Destruction of Ilza Synagogue [Kielce-Radom SIG Journal 1:1 (Winter 1997), pages 9-12]. BarbaraSontz returned several months ago from Ilza and phoned to tell me that the site of our former synagogue isnow an empty lot. We canot allow the memory of our ancestors to be erased. We genealogists areinsuring the recording and continuity of our long Jewish history and sojourn in Poland.
The 2002 IAJGS Conference in Toronto this August has turned my dream into a reality. At theConference, Carolynn Veffer, of Toronto posted a notice on the board requesting Ilza/Drilge descendantsto meet for lunch. Nine, primarily Canadians, attended and two arrived later. Prior to the Conference, Icopied old photos from grandfather's album; gathered these along with recent photos, old postcards, old Ilzadocuments and copies of vital records. As we studied the menu, the photos were passed around. The firstreaction was a shout and then tears. One of the attendees recognized her mother in the center of an old photoof the Jewish School. She had never seen a childhood picture of her mother. The school was establishedand built by my grandfather, Mayer Rachmiel Prowizor. Lunch was almost forgotten. Another attendee wasable to identify her mother's former home on the Rynek [marketplace] in Ilza. Some passed around vitalrecord copies, all signed by my great grandfather, Moishe Samet. We all discovered some degree ofrelationship to one another. It was both exciting and emotional.
Over lunch I broached the subject of restoration of the destroyed Ilza cemetery. To my surprise therewas great enthusiasm. All agreed to be involved. They requested that I return to Toronto in December tomeet with the Drilger landsmanschaft. Of course I agreed to do so.
Next I contacted the amazing Dr. Norman L.Weinberg, Executive Coordinator of PJCRP, PolishJewish Cemetery Restoration Project. He was responsible for the restoration of the Ozarôw cemetery [seeK-R SIG Journal, V:4,28-29 and VI: 1,24-26] and was a presenter at the 2002 IAJGS Conference. With hishelp our project became a reality. Dr. Weinberg gave us many suggestions and hired on our behalf, AndrzejOmasta, a Polish researcher. Within a week we had photos of the cemetery site, a research report,documentation of the cemetery, restoration suggestions and the unknown fact that there was a mass graveon the site. Through the miracle of cyberspace, all interested parties have communicated almost daily.
Mae Waese, president of the Toronto Drilger landsmanschaft, telephoned and invited me to addressthe next meeting on December 14, 2002. Her late father was a former president of the Drilger and she wasvery excited about the project. The assistance of the group was assured.
At the meeting I will broach several other ambitious projects. First, a group journey to Ilza torededicate the cemetery, upon completion. This was accomplished with great success by Dr. Weinberg inOzarow. The possibility of memorials to be established at the site of the mass grave and the formersynagogue will be discussed. I will also present the thought of publishing a Yiskor Book, with chapterswritten by descendents and former residents.
It is amazing that this small group of descendents of Ilza have become like family. In reality, we arefamily. I have received invitations to Shabbat dinner, offers of housing and promises of airport pick up. Ourancestors are smiling down upon us.
The coincidences and connections made possible by the 2002 IAJGS Toronto Conference are whatJewish genealogy is made of.
Betty Provizer Starkman is the Founder of the JGS of Michigan. She resides in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan,and can be reached at <BetteJoy@aol.com>.
Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 33
Towns in Kielce and Radom Guberniaslisting their Yiddish names, and which branches of the Polish State Archives hold their Jewish vital records
Compiled by Warren Blatt and Perets Mett
Town (Polish)
BialobrzegiBodzentynBogoriaBusko-ZdrojChecinyChmielnikCiepielôwCmielôwDaleszyceDrzewicaDzialoszyceQowaczôwGniewoszôwGowarczôwHzaIwaniskaJedMskJedrzejôwKazanôwKielceKlimontôwKlwôwKonskieKoprzywnicaKozieniceKsiaz WielkiKurozwçkiLagôwLelôwLipskoLopusznoMagnuszewMalogoszczMiechôwNowy KorczynOlkuszOpatôwOpocznoOsiekOstrowiecOzarow
Notes:
Town (Yiddish)
BialabzhegBojentinBogoiyaBisk, BuskKhentshinKhmelnikTshepyeluvShmeluvDalushitzaDzhevitzeZalashitzGlavtchevGniveshuvGovartshuvDriltshIvanskYedlinskYendjevKazanuvKeltzKlimentuvKlvuvKintskPolcshovnitsKozhenitzKshoinzKurozwenkiLaguvLeluvLipskLopushnaMognishevMalagotshMyekhuvKortshinElkushApt, AptaOpotshnaOshyekOstrovtseOzherov
Archives
RadomKielceSandomierzPiùczôwKielcePinczôwRadom, Starachowice-
Kielce.PinczôwRadomRadomKielce, RadomRadom, Starachowice
JedrzejôwRadomKielceSandomierzKielce, RadomKielceSandomierzRadomJedrzejôw, KrakôwSandomierz-CzestochowaRadom, StarachowiceKielceRadomJedrzejôwJedrzejôwPinczôwKatowiceSandomierzKielceSandomierzStarachowiceSandomierz
PacanôwPilicaPinczowPolaniecProszowicePrzedbôrzPrzysuchaPrzytykRadomRadoszyceRakôwRyczywôlSandomierzSeceminSedziszôwSiennoSkalbmierzSkaryszewSlawkowSlomnikiSlupia NowaSobkôwSolecStarachowiceStaszowStopnicaSuchedniôwSzczekocinySzydlowSzydlowiecTarlowWachockWierzbnikWislicaWloszczowaWodzislawWolanowWolbromZarnôwZarnowiecZawichostZwoleii
PatsanuvPiltzPintshevPlontshProshovitzePshedbuzhPshiskhaPshitikRudemRadoshitzRakuvRhshevulTzouzmirSetzeminSendishevShyenaSkalbmyezhSkierishovSlavkuvSlomnikSlupiaSubkuvSoletzStarakhovitzeStashevStubnitzSukhednyovShtekotshinShidluvShidlovtzeTarla, TarluvVankhotskVerzhbnikVayslitzVlotshovVoydislavVolanuvVolbrumZhamuvZharnovyetsZavikhvostZvolin
PinczôwKatowicePinczôwSandomierz
KielceKielce, RadomRadomRadomKielce-RadomSandomierzJedrzejôw-Radom, Starachowice-----JedrzejôwRadom-SandomierzPinczôw-Jedrzejôw, Czestochowa
PinczôwRadomSandomierz, Starachow.--PinczôwJedrzejôwJçdrzejôwRadomKatowiceKielceKatowiceSandomierzRadom
1) Most Yiddish words have the stress on the first syllable. Most Polish words stress the next-to-last syllable.2) Exception to #1 : Town names ending in -in are usually stressed on the last syllable: Khentshin (Checiny),
Shtekotshin (Szczekociny), Zvolin (Zwoleii), Bendin (Bedzin), Lublin (Lublin).3) Polish Yiddish frequently de-voices V, so that e.g. Stashev is actually pronounced Stashef.
34 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
JRI-Poland - Radom and Starachowice Archives Projectby Jeffrey Geizhals
Archive Coordinator, Radom and Starachowice Archives
In late October, Stanley Diamond and Mark Halpern of Jewish Records Indexing-Poland made asurprise discovery when they visited the Radom Archives. In advance of the launch of a formal project toindex the Jewish vital records in their archives - for those years not filmed by the LDS (Mormons) - thearchives staffhad already begun the process of photocopying all of its index pages. In addition, the archivistsverified the entries in the indices against the actual records, thus assuring the highest degree of accuracy forsubsequent indexing.
An agreement was quickly reached with the director of the Archives to purchase copies of theseindex pages. With an opportunity to move the Radom Archives project ahead much more quickly thananticipated. I volunteered to become the Archive Coordinator for this branch. At the same time, because ofmy interest in Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski in the Starachowice branch, I agreed to become Archive Coordinatorfor that project as well. Now all that remains for us to do is raise the money to fund the data entry and makethe indices available on-line. The list of towns and records follows:
Radom Archives:
Town
Bialobrzegi
Ciepielôw
Dizewica
Qowaczôw
Gniewoszôw
Gowarczôw
Granica
Grôjec
Bza
Kazanôw
Klwôw
Kozienice
Lçsko
Magnuszew
Mogielnica
Nowe Miasto
Nowe Miastonad Pilica
Pizysucha
LDS Microfilms (not part of this project)
3 films: BMD 1862-1877
5 films: BMD 1826-1877
None
None
6 films: BMD 1826-1877 (excluding 1832)
2 films: BMD 1826-1859
2 films: BMD 1857-1877
3 films: BMD 1826/1842; 1843-1864
6 films: BMD 1850-1877 (Completed)
2 films: BMD 1828-1877 (excluding 1858)
6 films: BMD 1826-1863; 1866-1877
14 films: MD 1810-1811.BMD 1826-1877
9 films: BMD 1810-1843,1851-1858,1866-1877
3 films: BMD 1826-1839,1858-1869,1876
7 films: BMD 1826-1865 (Completed),1874-1877
1 film: BMD 1830/1891 (Completed)
4 films: BMD 1826-1865 (excluding 1855),1874-1877
4 films: BMD 1826-1863,1869-1877
Types/Years to be Indexed
BMD: 1878-1900
BD: 1878-1900; M: 1878-1879,1881-1882,1884-1900
B: 1872-1879,1881,1884-1893; M: 1881,1890,1895-1902; D: 1872-1902
BMD: 1883-1900
BMD: 1832,1878-1894,1897-1900
B: 1869-1902; M: 1860-1902; D: 1867-1903
B: 1826-1856,1878-1894,1897-1899; MD: 1826-1856,1878-1894,1897-1898
B: 1876-1902; M: 1872-1902; D: 1875-1902
BMD: 1878-1902
B: 1858,1878-1900; M: 1858,1878-1899; D: 1878-1900
BMD: 1878-1896,1898-1899
BMD: 1878-1902
BMD: 1878-1900, BD: 1901-1902
B: 1842-1857,1889,1893-1894,1901-1902; M:1842-1857,1882-1883,1889,1893-1894,1901-1902; D:1842-1857,1882,1889,1893-1894,1901-1902
B: 1872-1873,1878-1902; MD: 1866-1873,1878-1902
None
B: 1880,1882,1885,1887-1891,1893-1895,1899-1900;M: 1880-1882,1885,1887-1891,1893-1895,1899-1900;D: 1880-1881,1887-1891,1893-1895,1899-1900
BD: 1878-1882,1883-1892,1894-1895,1897-1900; M:1878-1881,1883-1892,1894-1896,1897-1902
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 35
Pizytyk
Radom
Ryczywôl
Sienno
Solec nad Wisla
Szydlowiec
Warka
Wolanôw
Zwolai
8 films: BMD 1818-1819,1826-1877
10 films: BMD 1827-1877 (In progress)
3 films: BMD 1826-1877
5 films: BMD 1826-1877
None
6 films: BMD 1826-1865,1866/1869,1870-1877 (In progress)
5 films: BMD 1826-1859,1873-1877
5 films: BMD 1810-1821,1826-1858,1860-1877
6 films: BMD 1826-1877
BMD: 1878-1902
BD: 1878-1900; M: 1878-1902
BD: 1878-1889,1891-1902; M: 1878-1889,1891-1899
BMD: 1878-1900
BMD: 1886-1900
BMD: 1866-1869,1878-1900
BMD: 1878-1900
B: 1878-1900, M: 1878-1902, D: 1878-1889,1892,1894,1896-1902
BMD: 1878-1883,1886-1900
[Towns marked "Completed" have already been posted to JRI-Poland's database as part of the JRI-Poland Shtetl CO-OPinitiative. Towns marked "In progress" are being worked on either by Shtetl CO-OPs or independent researchers, buthave not yet been posted to the database. For more information regarding Shtetl CO-OPs please see< http://www.jewishgen.org/JRI-PL/jri-plin.htm >.]
Starachowice Archives:
Town
Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski
LDS Microfilms
None
Types/Years to be Indexed
B: 1850-1890, M: 1826-1849,D: 1826-1860,1886-1893
The Indexing Process
As index pages are received by the JRI-Poland data entry team in Warsaw, a count of the numberof records of each type will be made and a fund-raising goal for each town will be established and posted tothe JRI-Poland mailing list. After 50% of the fund-raising target has been reached, the actual data entry willstart. The first town to meet the 50% goal will be the first town indexed! For the years 1868-1902, therecords are in the Russian language. Data entry is done by the JRI-Poland team of professionals in Polandin Cyrillic and then converted automatically to the Polish form of the names using a transliteration standardaccepted by the Polish State Archives.
Town Leaders
Town leaders play an indispensable role in JRI-Poland archive projects. Leaders are needed for alltowns to drive the fundraising that makes a project successful. Without the funds to pay for the data entry,the work will not be done. Data entry cannot start until at least 50% of the fundraising target has been met.If you are interested in becoming a Town Leader or want more information on the Radom and StarachowiceProject, please contact me at < jeffo@usa.net >.
Town Leaders who successfully fulfill the fundraising objective for their town will be eligible toobtain an Excel spreadsheet file with all the indices for their town. Donors making a qualifying contributionwill also be eligible to obtain the Excel file. The amount of the qualifying contribution is set when thenumber of count of records is known.
More information regarding the JRI-Poland / Polish State Archives initiative can be found on theJRI-Poland website at < http://wmv.jewishgen.org/JRI-PL/psa/psastat.htm >.
For information on how to make donations to the Radom and Starachowice Project, please see< http://www.jewishgen.org/JRI-PL/visa.htm >.
36 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
JRI-Poland - Sandomierz Archives Projectby Suzanne S. Waxman
Archive Coordinator, Sandomierz Archives Project
The Sandomierz Archives Project of Jewish Records Indexing-Poland (JRI-Poland)/Polish StateArchives has begun. There are Jewish registers for 15 towns in this archive: Annopol, Bogoria, JanowLubelski, Klimontôw, Koprzywnica, Krzeszôw, Kurozweki, Osiek, Ozarôw, Polaniec, Sandomierz, Staszôw,Tarîôw, and Zawichost. These towns were formerly in southern Radom and western Lublin gubernias.
This branch of the state archives is located in the former synagogue at #4 ulica Zodowska, 27-600Sandomierz, Poland. See Kielce Radom-SIG Journal 111:3 (Summer 1999), pages 3-6, for more information,including an inventory and photographs of the archive.
As many know, JRI-Poland entered into an agreement in 1997 with the Polish State Archives (PSA)to index their Jewish vital records which have not been microfilmed by the LDS (Mormons). In theSandomierz branch, the non-microfilmed records generally start in 1885 and go up to 1900. It is this timeperiod that is critical to our research, because many of us have great-grandparents, grandparents and parentswho lived in Poland during these years. The ability to access these indexes via the Internet will enable usto find previously unavailable records, and thus help us expand and perhaps complete our research for someof our families. Once funded and completed, the indices will be available in the JRI on line database at< http://www.jewishgen.org/JRI-PL >.
Before 1868 the records were kept in Polish and after that in Russian. The data is being entered inCyrillic by the JRI-Poland team in Poland, and then converted by Michael Tobias, JRI-Poland's databasemanager, into the Latin alphabet. Contributors qualifying to receive the Excel spreadsheet for their town willbe able to see both the Latin and original Russian entries.
The indices have been completed for the towns of Klimontôw, Koprzywnica, Ozarôw, Sandomierz,and Staszôw. Indices for Opatôw and Zawichost should be ready in early 2003.
In addition to being the Archive Coordinator, I'm also Town Leader for Ozarôw and Sandomierz.Other Town Leaders who've already volunteered are listed in the table below. We still need Town Leadersfor Bogoria, Krzeszôw, Kurozweki, Osiek, Polaniec, Tarlôw, and Zawichost. If you're interested please email me at < sswnola@earthlink.net >. Town Leaders will be eligible to obtain the Excel spreadsheet as athank you for all the time and effort that you've given to this project once you've met your goal.
Town Leaders are responsible for making an inventory of the existing LDS microfilms, if there areany, for that town in addition to raising funds for the data entry of the indices for their town. There areguidelines to follow and help from the Archive Coordinator whenever needed.
Once the inventories are completed, then photocopies of the index pages for the years notmicrofilmed by the LDS are ordered. There will be a count of the number of records in the indices, and boththe fundraising goal and qualifying contribution will be set for the data entry for that town. At this point theTown Leaders start fundraising.
Besides an overall goal, which is different for each town, JRI-Poland establishes the "qualifyingcontribution". Donors making this minimum qualifying contribution will be eligible to obtain the Excel filefor their own use.
Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 37
The Jewish vital records in the Polish State Archives in Sandomierz are:
Town
Annopol
Bogoria
Janow Lubelski
Klimontôw
Koprzywnica
Krzeszow
Kurozwçki
Opatôw
Osiek
Ozarôw
Polaniec
Sandomierz
Staszôw
Tarlôw
Zawichost
Archives Holdings
B 1856-1883; M 1844-1848,1856-1895; D 1856-1865
BD 1826-1854, 1856-1900; M 1826-1854, 1856-1900
B 1883-1887
BMD 1826-1890
BMD 1857-1858, 1882-1896
BM 1870-1875, 1877-1889, 1891,1893, 1895; D 1895
BMD 1875-1887,1889, 1892-1900
BM 1836-1898; D 1831-1832,1835-1899
BMD 1888-1889, 1891-1912, 1924-1941
B 1826-1895; M 1827-1895; D 1826-1891
B 1826-1842, 1844-1887, 1889-1898, 1900; M 1826-1842,1844-1887, 1889-1898, 1900,1915, 1923; D 1900
BD 1826-1900; M 1826-1895
BMD 1826-1901
BMD 1874-1878, 1885-1900
BMD 1826-1900
Town Leader
Jim Feldman(feldmans@attibi.com)
Morton Leichter(paintroler@aol.com)
Yechezkel Anis(chatz@inner.org)
Linda Offinan(linda.offinan@utoronto.ca)
Lancy Spalter(lspalter@netvision.net.il)
Suzanne S. Waxman(sswnola@earthlink.net)
Suzanne S. Waxman(sswnola@eartbJink.net)
Jean-Pierre Stroweis(stroweis@trendline.il)
The above information is from the 2002 Polish State Archives inventory. The Sandomierz Archivesholds additional items of interest, which are not part of the JRI-PSA project: The alegata or "marriagesupplements" for some towns, and Ksiegi Mieszkancow ("Books of Residents") for Ozarow (see "PolishState Archives in Sandomierz" in K-R SIG Journal, 111:3, pages 3-6, by Warren Blatt).
More information about JRI-Poland and the Polish State Archives (PSA) project can be found at< http://www.jewishgen.org/JRI-PL/psa/psastat.htm >.
To keep up to date on what's happening with the JRI Sandomierz Archives project, see< http://www.jewishgen.org/jri-pl/psa/status.htm#Sandomierz >.
For information on how to make a donation for your town to the Sandomierz PSA project, see< http://www.jewishgen.org/JRI-PL/visa.htm >.
This project won't be successful without your involvement in actively helping and giving support.
38 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
- Sandomierzfrom EBpeiïcKJix 9HijHKJioneffw [Evreiskaia Entsiklopediia = Jewish Encyclopedia]
(St. Petersburg: Brokhaus-Efron, 1906-1913), columns 932-934Translated from the Russian by Gordon McDaniel
were an epilog to a process of many years'standing, which had arisen against the backgroundof a blood libel against the local Jewishcommunity. About 1698, the Sandomir Jews wereaccused of killing several Christian children. Ason of the apothecary disappeared; a Christianwoman abandoned the corpse of an illegitimatechild in the courtyard of Aleksandr Berek, thehead of the community. On August 18, 1710,young Georgi Krasnovsky disappeared. In thematter of the child of the Christian woman therebegan a notorious case, described by one of itsprime instigators, the priest Stefan Zuchowsky, inthe book "Oglos procesow kriminalnych naZydow o rozne excessy, takze morderstwo dzieciosobliwie, w Sandomierze r. 1698 poswiadczone"[Notice of criminal trials of Jews accused ofvarious excesses, including murder of children,attested to in Sandomierz in 1698]. According toZuchowsky's tale, the original examination of thechild's corpse indicated that he had died a naturaldeath, which was confirmed under oath by thechild's mother at the inquest. But here the clergyinterfered. The case was referred for review. Themother was brought, through torture, to therealization that she had sold the child to the JewBerek for it to be killed, and said that her initialstatement was the result of sorcery. The case wasreferred to the tribunal in Lublin. At theinstigation of the canon of Sandomir, the localclergy sent two envoys to the tribunal with arequest to have revenge on the Jews for themurder of the child. There was no consensusamong the judges on the question of guilt of theJews. Then the clergy began to spread rumors thatthe Jews had bribed the judges. Aaron Berek wassubjected to torture, but he remained firm anddenied his guilt. Zuchowsky states that the Jewshad obtained a royal order on suspension of thedeath penalty for Berek prior to the examination ofthe case. But the tribunal sent a delegation to theking that had to explain to him that this case wasout of his jurisdiction; simultaneously, the tribunalordered the death sentence to be carried out. Dueto agitation by the clergy, unusual excitementruled in the city. Several Jews were killed duringthe pogrom, and the Jewish street was looted.Further, local residents pleaded for the expulsion
Sandomir (in Polish, Sandomierz;at one time Sudomir, for example in Nestor[Russian chronicle] and in a papal bull ofEugenius III dated 1148; called Sodzmir orCozmir "Pftti^ [Tzuzmir] by the Jews, whichperhaps indicates that Jews settled here at the timewhen the city was called Sudomir) - Was duringthe period of the Polish Commonwealth [RzeczPospolita, before 1795] a major trade city,administrative center of the Wojewodztwo[province] of the same name. The Jewishcommunity in Sandomir is one of the oldest inPoland. When the Jews settled in Sandomir is notknown with precision. Dlugosz mentioned aJewish cemetery in Kawiory near Sandomir.About the Jews in Sandomir, it is known that in1367 they came before Kazimierz the Great,together with the Jews of Krakow and Lvov, tohave their general privileges confirmed. At theend of the 15th and beginning of the 16thcenturies, the number of Jews in Sandomir wasevidently significant. They were successful intrade, which was evidenced by hatred toward themof residents who obtained restrictions on thetrading rights of the Jews. In the lustration[inspection] of 1602, there were 14 Jewishhomeowners residing in Sandomir. During thereign of Sigismund III [1587-1632], an order wasissued that no more than 11 Jewish families wereto live in Sandomir (all on the Jewish street). In1611, Jews owned 16 homes, and about that timethe synagogue was constructed which still exists(see the illustration). During the Swedish-PolishWar [1655-1660], Sandomir was captured by theSwedes, but at the end of March 1656 the Poleswon it back, and many Jews perished, among themthe rabbi Jakob; the Jews were expelled, which isevidenced, among other ways, by an elegycomposed for that occasion. In 1658, King Jan IIKazimierz allowed Jews to return to Sandomir andfreely engage in trade; a privilege to this effectwas confirmed by subsequent kings: MichaelWisniowiecki (1669), Jan III Sobieski (1674),Augustus II (1696) and Augustus III (1745). Tothe latter, local residents complained about theJews, saying that they had taken all trade into theirhands and were ruining the city walls with theirbuildings. These complaints from local residents
Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 39
of the Jews from Sandomir. King August II, in adecree dated 28 April 1712, recognized the guiltof the Jews in the murder of children and orderedtheir expulsion, and ordered that the synagogue beconverted into a clock tower. Zuchowsky himselftook part in these orders. Nevertheless, Jewsmanaged to stay in Sandomir. The militant churchdecided to immortalize the "ritual murders": alarge painting (from the hand of the Italian Carlode Prevo) that showed the scene of the motherselling her child to the Jews and its murder bythem. To this day, the painting is in the cathedralchurch and elicits in the masses feelings ofintolerance and racial antagonism. Under thepainting is the following inscription: "Filiusapothekarii ab infidelibus Judaeis Sand, occisus.A.D. 1698, 18 martii Margarita infans, et anno1710, die 18 augusti Georgius Krasnowsky perJudaeos Sand, crudelissime jugulati" [The son ofthe apothecary was murdered by the infidel Jewsof Sandomir, A.D. 1698, 18 March, child ofMargarita; and in the year 1710, 18 August, JerzyKrasnowski had his throat cut most crudely by theJews of Sandomir]. [Ed.: See photo, in Kielce-Radom SIG Journal, VI: 1 (Winter 2002), page 22]
In 1764, there were 880 Jews in Sandomir. Tenyears later an order was issued according to whichthey would be allowed to have only 16 housesnear the synagogue, they were forbidden to liveoutside the city walls or near the homes of theclergy or nobility. In each house there could liveonly one family with servants. Jewish houses hadto be a certain distance from the city walls.Non-resident Jews could not stay in Sandomirmore than three days. The king formed acommission to determine the number of existingJewish houses and for the confiscation of housesabove the allowed number (16). In 1778, the"Commission for Good Order" stated that 46houses were in the hands of Jews, and restrictedthe future number of houses to this figure. Thesame commission forbade Jews to trade in wineand small amounts of salt, they could sell meatonly to other Jews; the kahal had to presentannualy to the city magistrate a list of all the Jewsin the city. When Sandomir passed into Austrianhands in 1795, the rules of Joseph II were put intoeffect. Jews were given the right freely to carryon artisan professions, a German-Jewish schoolwas opened, a kahal with three "Regierer" wasintroduced. In 1809, Sandomir was included inthe Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 became part ofthe Kingdom of Poland. The synagogue situated
at the end of the Jewish street, near the Opatôwgates to which many years before it had beenconnected by a wall that surrounded the city, is,according to legend, one of three built by Ester,wife of Kazimierz the Great (the other two are inOpatôw and Szydlowiec). During thereconstruction of the synagogue forty years ago,an inscription was found on the entrance in whichthe year 5015 (1215) could be deciphered. Mostlikely, the synagogue was built much later, in the16th or early 17th century. The synagogue wasrestored again in 1911. The architecture of thesynagogue is not particularly interesting. Only thevaluable ancient curtains and utensils with curiousornamentation, and the old illustrated parchmentsiddur are of interest. One of the handles of theTorah scroll is marked 5303 (1543). In the oldcemetery, all the stones are broken.
Literature for the preceding section:
1. Mathias Bersohn. Dyplomataryusz dotyczacyZydow w dawnej Polsce. Warszawa: E. Niez, 1910.2. Russkii Evreiskii Arkhiv, III.3. M. Bulinski. MonografiamiastaSandomierza.Warszawa, 1879. Reprinted Sandomierz, 1999.4. Bershchadskii. Starinnoe sredstvo. In Voskhod,v. 12 (1894).5. Michal Balinski, Tymoteusz Lipinski.Stamzytna Polska. Warszawa, 1885-1887, v. 2.6. Lewin, D. Judenverfolgungen im 2-tenschwedisch-polnischen Krieg.7. D. Kandel. Boznica w Sandomierzu. InKwartalnik poswiecony badaniu przeszlosci Zydow wPolsce, 1912, issue 1 (description of the synagogue)8. Liczba [Census] 1765. In Archiwum KomisyiHistorycznej, v. 8.9. Rokoszny. Przewodnik po S andomierzu. 1910.
Today, Sandomir is the center of an uezd [district]in Radom Gubernia. In 1856, there were 2,230Christians and 905 Jews in Sandomir. Restrictionson the population of Sandomir that existed duringthe transfer of the territory to Russia were in forceuntil 1862. In the 1897 census, the population ofthe uezd was 100,000, of which 16,737 were Jews.Of these numbers, Sandomir itself had 6,556residents including 2,163 Jews. In towns orvillages in the uezd with more than 500 residents,those having the highest percentage of Jewishpopulation were: Bogoria, 575 of 1,185;Zawichost, 1,680 of 2,545; Klimontôw, 2,443 of3,407; Koprzywnica, 836 of 2,152; Osiek, 590 of1,431; Polaniec, 1,221 of 2,595; and Staszôw,4.903 of 8,724.
40 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 Winter 2003
Extract Data in this Issue
Wloszczowa Marriages 1858-1884 Dolores RingOpoczno Marriages, Deaths 1848-1851 Debra J.Kay
The vital record extracts for this issue are the 1858-1884 Wloszczowa marriages, prepared by Dolores Ring;and the 1848-1851 Opoczno marriages and deaths, byDebra J. Kay. This data has been extracted from the civilregistration books in possession of the Polish StateArchives, and microfilmed by the Church of Jesus ChristLatter-day Saints (LDS). These extractions includeinformation derived directly from the originalregistrations on the following LDS microfilms:
#0,716,149#1,192,432#1,192,433#1,809,028#0,719,135
Wloszczowa 1858-1865Wloszczowa 1866-1875Wloszczowa 1876Wloszczowa 1878-1884Opoczno 1848-1851
There are additional microfilmed records available forboth towns.
Wfoszczowa
Wloszczowa ("Vlotshev") was the district town (thecounty seat) of Wloszczowa powiat. in northwesternKielce gubernia. The town of Wloszczowa's Jewishpopulation in 1897 was 2,530 (68% of the entire town),and in 1931 it was 2,910.
Here we present extracts of the marriages recordedin the Jewish civil registers of Wloszczowa for 1858-1884, extracted from the Polish and Russian by DoloresRing. Wloszczowa is a "new" town for us, for which wehave not previously published any extracts. We willpublish other historical material about Wloszczowa laterthis year.
The Wloszczowa marriages include marriagepartners from other towns and villages in the region, suchas Konskie, Kurzelôw, Przedbôrz, Secemin, Szczekociny,and some towns in neighboring Piotrkôw gubernia, suchas Koniecpol and Przyrôw.
Opoczno
Opoczno ("Opotshna") was the district town (thecounty seat) of Opoczno powiat, in northwestern Radomgubernia. The town of Opoczno's Jewish population in1897 was 2,425, and in 1931 it was 3,376.
Here we present extracts of the marriages and deathsrecorded in the Jewish civil registers of Opoczno for1848-1851, extracted from the Polish by Debra J. Kay.We previously published extracts of the births for thisperiod in V:4 (Autumn 2001), pages 62-69.
The Opoczno Jewish record books of this period alsoencompass the nearby towns of Drzewica, Gielniôw, andOdrzywôl, as well as many surrounding villages.
Note that seven of the microfilms of Jewish recordsfor Opoczno are mis-catalogued in the LDS' FamilyHistory Library Catalog as "Church Records". These arethe records of 1826-1860, on microfilms #719,131 to#719,137. SeeII:4 (Autumn 1998), pp. 16-17.
Microfilm #0,719,135 contains 13 separate registersfor the town of Opoczno: For each year - 1848, 1849,1850 and 1851 - there is a separate book containingbirths, marriages and deaths for that year, hi each case,the book is labeled "Duplikat" on the cover. In addition,there are separate books for each category (birth,marriage, death): for 1848/49 (combined in one book)and 1850 and 1851. Although this would seem toindicate that the second set of books represented an"original" ("Unikat") of a record, Debra has noticed somediscrepancies - there is information contained in some"Duplikat" records which is not contained in the"original", and visa versa, and the pattern of the writingmay indicate "copying" in the "Unikat" book. The actualrecord-keeping methodology is unknown at this time.
Caution
These extracts are intended to assist the researcher inselecting records that may be of use for further study.There may be errors in interpretation in these extracts,due to the uneven quality of legibility of the handwriting,the microfilming, and the condition of the microfilmitself, in addition to errors in the original record books.As always, it is prudent for the researcher, when usingsecondary source data such as these extracts, to examinethe primary source data for final verification. It is alwaysbest for the genealogist to view the actual recordspertaining to his/her family to verify the interpretation,and glean additional facts.
-WB
Winter 2003 Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 41
Wfoszczowa Marriages 1858-1884
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Given Name Age Father
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1917
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18 ZAJACZKOWSKIZYLBERSZTEJN
19 KUPERMINTZROCHMAN
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21 PRZEDNOWEKPRZEDNOWEK
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15 URBACHMOSKOWICZ
16 NAJMANMALTZ
17 BIMKAWAJNTROB
18 KRAWIECPACANOSKA
19 WAJNTROBLAKS
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21 WAJNTROBKLAJMAN
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23 GRINSZPANCUKROWSKA
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Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
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Kielce-Radom SIG Journal
JakobSura Hawa (w )
AbramMalkaJosekSura RajclaPmkus EhaszDobraNaftula HerszDwoiraSzoelSzyfra Szaindlalzrael MosiekLaiaHersz WolfEsterkaAnkielKendlaSzmulRuchla LaiaLejbusHarmJosekDina RuchlaNusynGitlaJosekRoizlaMosiek (wid )Cvmla (wid )
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Volume 7, Number 1
Kalma (d) RyfkaChaim Szyman Gela
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Haim Zelman (d) HanaSzlama Marya
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Kielce-Radom SIG Journal
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Volume 7, Number 1
BajlaRuchlaDessa (d)Blima(d)SuraRuchlaIta(d)Glikli?AjdlaDvna [BLUMENFELD1Rojza [ROZENBERG1 (d)Hana (d)HanaPeslaDwojra [ZAJACZKOWSKI]FraidlaCerkaGitlaGela LewkowHena Bajla BLUMENSZTAJN
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Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
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Alta LajaNuta LejbusRoizaMortkaLibaEjzyk HerszPerlaEliaszSuraSimcha BunimEster ItaPinkusMalka RuchlaJudka (wid)Ester MalkaIcyk HerszAlta HajaIcykDwojra BlimaJankiel JosekEster Idesa
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IzraelMordkaLewekDawidSzaja LejbIcykCyna WolfLewekSzlama LewekJakob f d)Wulf(d)Berek fd)SzmulIcvkJdel? [Judka]JosekIcekSimsiaDawidHerszhkSzajaHaskiel
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GOLDBERGZOLONDZWINTCHEIMGOTLIBHAUFMANFAJFMANLANDAUZNAMEROWSKAGOLDSZTAJNGNATWAJNTROBSZTERN
Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
SzimonFaialaMosiekBrandlaJosekHana BrandlaLejbus (wid)EsterIcyk SzmulMaria GitlaWulf(wid)EtlaMortkaGitlaIcykKajla BlimaJosekLajaAbram Eliasz
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Winter 2003
WWwwSzczekocinyWWWWWWWwwwwwies Kosôw, gm. Radkôwwieà Podlazie?. gm. Radkôwwies Czaryz, gm. Radkôw /wé Trzecinec?, g. Naglowice
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Rachla SANCER? (d) PilicaMalka Ruchla GOLDSZTAJN WRyfka WAJNTROBHaia Hwala BIMKA (d?)
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wChecinyWAndreev (Jedrzejôw)WWW
Winter 2003 Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1 57
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58
18821 WIKINSKI
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Kieke-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
MaierRaizla LaiaBerekRyfkaHaim Dan''Ester HawaHdskielEsterSzlamaLaiaKopel (wid)BailaJosek (wid)RyfkaWulf JakobAltaLejbusEster MalkaHcrcel?RuchkDawidRuchlaLejbusRuchlaMosiek ZelikEster SuraMaierHiiidaMosiek IcykManaJakobHana GitlaIcyk LejbusSzaindlaBcrekItla ZlataWulfHana KailaMortkaRaizlaNusynNachaMelechSzaindla ManaWigdorGolda PerlaHersz JosekGitlaRachmel IcykDwoiraIcyk ZajnwelPerla LajaSzmul HerszSura ItlaAron HerszlikHana NachaHaim PxnkusCimlaIzrael JudkaEster
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Ewa (d)RaizlaWALDRYNGRuchla(d)SzaindlaBasiaEstera (d)Bajla(d)
Cyrla KRAUSZGitlaSuraRYTERSKI
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Opoczno Deaths 1848-1851
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Kklce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
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56 Icekla(d)Manela, Izrael; Sura, Zyska
75 Mosiek ?(d)Lajbus; Rojza, Malka
72 Jakob (d)70 Pinkus(d)
7, Number 1 Winter 2003
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HOCHNER
MILSZTAINGOLDSZMIDTZANWLOWICZ
WINERSZPERG
PLATROZENBAUMBIRERCHOLTZGOLDSZOL
FAJFERSZABAS
Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume
Eyzyk
AsserBoruch MorlkaIzrael
Rajzla
JankielJudkaAbramHerszla
Rachmel MajerHinda
ZAMECZKOWSKI LejzorKOPLOWICZ
KOLOSZYNSKIFAJNERBELZYCKISZWARTZBERGZAJTLERZARNETZWAXBERGBILANDERLIPSZYTZ
LEWIZALTZBERG
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BATAWIAMARKOWIECKI
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Ruchla
Liba SzandlaMajerNaftal ZelmanJoelMosiekAronHawa FajgaHawa RajzlaJakob IcekLaja
Haia SuraEidla
FrajdlaAlbaMinkaDwojra
Sura RywkaFaiwelAbram ZelmanIchelTauba RyfkaBajla Malka
JakobHinda
FajgelaHana
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: 7, Number 1
Ester (d) RywaGolda
GitlaOZLERSuraRajzla (d) Hana
Szuchla Majer
Szaindla Hana HERSZTAJNHindlaMaryem KLEJMANJenta Elka
LaiaSMERKRuchlaLaiaROTRANT -Bajla Berek Mosiek
Abram Mortka, Majer Haim, HerszlaBoruchSzyia Dawid (czapnik)Abram (d)Izrael(d)ZelmanSzlama HaimSzoelIzraelIsera(d)Mendia, Herszla; BajlaLejzorMosiek (d)AbramJosekMosiekLejbusJankiel Jankeilowicz (d)Abram JankielAron (blacharz)Zelman (d)IcekSzlama (d)MosiekIzrael Mortka (d)
MojzeszJosek (d)WAISBAUMAbram; Cyrla, FajgelaHerszlaRubin (d) RUBINOWICZSuchar, LajaMosiek (d)Zusman (d)LitmanHerszla (d)
Haia Cywa SZMJDAMindlaSzprinca Perla (d) -MaryemHaia Sura HindlaBluma Rojza LEWIEidla SZPIRAEtlaKRONRojza (d) w
Gitla ZAJTLER -Ruchla (d) w
Cypa WINERSZPERGFajga MENDLOWISZSKISzprinca FLAJSZEREster (d) Herszko
CerlaSura(d) Drajzla?MindlaRyfka (d)MirlaFajga Pessa
ZyslaEster (d) Mordka
Golda(d)Frymet (d)
Sura(d)Malka NachaLajaFrymet (d) Rojza
Eliasz; Haja, Hana, Szlama, TemerlaHerszla (d) Brandla (d) Judko (mylnarz)Abram, Dawid, Szaja; Brandla, Edla. Liba, Zelda, Liwsa, Haja DynaHerszlaNatanJosek (d)Josek (d)Majer, Eywic, Eta, RyfkaMajer (d)Efroim(d)GJLZNERRachma Malka
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-tiaaom SHJ Journal Volume
25 Herszla (d)Abram, Mosiek; Szyfra
26 Lejzor (d)Lejzor, Manella, Hil; Zlota
36 Mortka (d)Herszla; Frajdla, Bluma
1'A Lejbus9 Jankiel (d)66 Abram (d)
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7, Number 1 Winter 2003
Laia w
Edla(d)
Laja (d) Itta
Rajzla KAPLOWICZIttaMalka (d) Golda
MaryemRODOWICZMazia ? (d)RachmaHanaKONSKIER -MalkaHaiaMJLSZTAJN -SuraRywka RuchlaSzaindla Laia JUNGBACHEsterRuchlaLajaZlotaMaryemRywka (d) Ryfka
Josek, Herszko; Haja, Szymcha, Pessa88 Fajwel(d)
Lejbus22 Lejb1 Abram114 Szlama3 Dawid40 Nusyn(d)
Mortka Jakob1 IzraelIcek24 Fajwel EDELMAN
Berek17 Lejbus
Szyia Dawid, Beniamin54 Majer (d)36 Lewek(d)
iva]zia, xiaiaVA Josek (czapnik)62 Tobias LIP MANVA Lejbus
15 Herszla1 Jakub42 Jankiel (d)
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OREMBUCHGIELERFLIGIELMAN
BIDERMAN
Footnotes:
Kielce-Radom SIG Journal Volume 7, Number 1
HajaLaja
Alter SzlamaMortkaTauba
BajlaIzrael SzajaFajga MalkaAbram RachmelSzlama DawidMortkaMosiekSura TyleLewek
HajaDawid
HerszlaJakob IcekHanaNisaDwojra Zelda
GitlaLibaHaimHaja SuraNusyn
Jakob WolfBenesSura GitlaAbramLuzerBlumaRachmalDwojraWolfSzlamaSzymonDavid MosiekMalkaKraindla
Boruch MajerAryaLaibDawid
Ryfka
1427
232w40
23m8VA6m3m5'/2
9m66
280
VA4VA29
3VA2l'A86
9VA5TA16m54m9m8'/2
5w9'A1370
4lid47
70
IcekLewek
Tauba FULBARTRyfka
Mortka Ber, Fajga FrajdlaIzraelMosiekDydia
FrajdlaSzprincaIdes (d)
Icek, Lejbus, Szlama, Zajnwel, Zelcha; Cortla?Abram JakobBerekMendelHilAbramMosiek HerszNaftaliSzolMajer (d)
MasiaRuchlaHana BajlaEsterSuraLaia
Szmida Dawid
--Natan
-
_-
Frajda Laia EZENTHALEdlaRyfka (d)
Abram; Haia Sura, Jachwet, MalkaMendelAron (d)Aron, Menasa; HajaPinkusMajerJudelMajer (d)RyfkaAbramMendel (krawiec)MortkaJakob (synkarz soli)Judko (d)
JachwetSura (d)
HawaMaryem (d)IttaRojza(d)
HanaSuraJachwetRuchlaBayla(d)
Jakob Berek, Herszla; NachaHerszlaSulimHilLewekHerszlaMosiek JakobIzraelHerszlaJosekAbramAbramIcekMosiekSzymcha (d)Ruchla Udla, SuraLitmanJankielLewek (d)Icekel, Asser, BerekAbram (d)son in Odrzywol
Faiga BajlaHindaHindaNachaCyrlaFrajdaGoldaIttaMaryemLejaRajzlaRyfkaRajzlaFajga (d)
HanaBlomaPerla
Ruchla (d)
-Matla
Dwojra
-
Mosiek Jakob
----
-
-
--
Herszla
-Hana Fajga
w
71
wieS KuniczkiO
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wieé Brudzewicewieé Slawnowies BrudzewiceOO000wies1 Mniszkow
m. Drzewicam. Gielniow
wiei Kotuszowwieé Kozenin?OO
00m. DrzewicaOO
0m. DrzewicaOO0m. Drzewicam. DrzewicaOO00m. Drzewicam. GielniowO
O00
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* 1848 D#24 (Sztaijnowicz) is missing from "original"-l 848-49 Births,Akt 27(Bergier)is on"Duplikat" only [number sequence complete on both].
**OnlyinDuplikat.*** #22 & #5 reversed in Duplikat.**** Rajzla BLAJER is listed on index as being both Akta 20 & 29, but is actually Akta 20; Berek BALSAM is actually Akta 29.
Glossary
akta
bannCyrillic
FHCFHLgubernia
HIASHilfs FareinJRI-PolandlandsmanLDS
matronymicmonogeneticobwodpalatinatepatronymicpolygencticpowiatuezdUSC
wojewodztwa
Polish vital records, often seen as a column heading in vital record indices and extracts,to denote the record numbers
document of intent to marryalphabet used tor the Russian language:
LDS (Mormon) Family History Center, branch libraryLDS (Mormon) Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, Utahgeographic/political subdivision of the Russian Empire, similar to a province, which
applied to the Kingdom of Poland from 1844 until World War I (Russian: Fy6epnH»)Hebrew Immigrant Aid Societyhelp union or aid societyJewish Records Indexing - Poland, a database project hosted on JewishGensomeone who originated in the same village prior to immigration (plural: landsleit)Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly used to denote the Mormon
Family History Library,identification by mother's given namesurname from a single progenitor; all bearers of the surname are relateddistrict, subdivision of guberniageographical/political subdivision of pre-partition Poland, similar to a provinceidentification by father's given namesurname originating from multiple progenitors: all bearers of the surname are not relateddistrict, subdivision of gubernia (Polish)district, subdivision of gubernia (Russian Ye3jrL = Polish powiat)Urza,d Stanu Cywilnego = Civil Records Office, where vital records less than 100
years old are usually stored in each towngeographical/political subdivision of the Kingdom of Poland until its inclusion in
Russia's gubernia system in 1844, and again following World War I through the present
Polish Pronunciation Guide
Polish Alphabet: a ^ b c é d e ç f g h i j k U m n n o o p r s s t u w y z z z
cchà,s,z,
, hcz,sz,zi,
cisirz
= ts= kh= ch= sh= zh
1 =Ç =
j =dz =\ =w =
om,em,yjwV
onen
Kingdom of Poland j1867-1917
ksz^» Warsaw» < N.