Post on 15-Sep-2019
SOYBEANS DEMO PLATFORM
DONAU SOJA
organized at
AGRICULTURE RESEARCH &
DEVELOPMENT STATION
CARACAL
ROMANIA
2015
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM 2015
1
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
2
The Donau Soja demo platform organized at University of Craiova - Caracal Agricultural Research
Development Station, had a total area of 2.5 hectares, out of which 1.8 ha was the area of the
5 experimental plots.
The following experiences had been carried out in the demo platform:
1. Collection display of 43 soybean varieties from different maturity groups
2. Time of Sowing
3. Seeding Densities
4. Distances Between Rows
5. Weed Control
CLIMATE Data on temperature and rainfall recorded at Caracal are presented in Table 1. Table 1
Temperature and rainfall at Caracal 01.10. 2014 – 30.09. 2015
Total
Average Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tem
pera
ture
(Co)
Month
ly
Avera
ge
11,7 5,5 1,1 0,5 1,4 6,3 11,8 18,8 21,3 26,1 24,1 20,0 12,4
Multi-
annual
Avera
ge
1985-2
014
11,7 5,4 0,3 -1,3 0,8 6,0 12,0 17,7 21,6 23,9 23,5 18,1 11,6
Deviation 0 +0,1 +0,8 +1,8 +0,6 +0,3 -0,2 +1,1 -0,3 +2,2 +0,6 +1,9 + 0,8
Pre
cip
itation
(mm
)
Tota
l
Pre
cip
itation
68,4 23,6 132,5 29,3 38,8 63,8 34,2 19,0 85,5 4,6 46,6 171,2 717,5
Multi-
annual
Avera
ge
1985-2
014
46,0 37,0 39,1 30,8 26,3 34,2 47,8 58,6 69,7 62,1 46,6 43,5 541,7
Deviation +22,4 -13,4 +93,4 -1,5 +12,5 +29,6 -13,6 -39,6 +15,8 -57,5 0 +127,7 +175,8
The data presented in the Table. 1 indicates that the agricultural year 2014-2015 was a warm
year in comparison with normal temperatures of the region. In 2015, the average temperature
of 12.4o C was 0.8o C higher than normal temperature in the region, representing 11.6o C.
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
3
The cold months of the year (October-March) were extremely warm. We can notice in December
a thermal increase of 0.8° C and - especially – in January, the coldest month of the year, a
thermal increase of 1,8o C in addition to the normal average temperature of -1.3° C.
The warm months of the year (April - September) were 0.60 – 2.20 C warmer than normal
average temperature, excepting April and June which had 0.20 C, respectively 0.30 C thermal
deficit versus normal average temperature.
In 2015 the rainfall amounted 717.5 mm; 175.8 mm higher than the multi-annual average of
541.7 mm. During the cold seson, November had the lowest precipitations; 23.6 mm versus the
normal average of the period of 37.0 mm. By contrast, December was very rainy, exceeding
with 93.4 mm the monthly average.
During the warm season (April to September) drought was present since April (a deficit of 13.6
mm), increasing in May when the deficit reached 39.6 mm and peaking in July, with a deficit of
57.5 mm.
The shortage of rainfall in the frespective months together with the extremely high temperatures,
that exceeded the multi-annual average, had a negative impact on the soybean crop.
To compensate water shortage in the soil irrigation was needed.
LAND PREPARATION
Autumn plowing
Heavy disk, 2 passes
Light disc
Seedbed preparation with combinator
Fertilization before plowing with SuperPhosphate (45.5%) at a rate of 200 kg/Ha
Fertilization in vegetation Nitrogen - 150 kg / ha
Pre-emergence herbicide Wing P (Dimetenamid-P 212,5 gr/l + Pendimetalin 250 gr/l),
4.0 l/Ha (excepting Weed Control experimental plot)
Post-emergence herbicide Agil (Propaquizafop 100 gr/l), 1.0 l/Ha (excepting Weed
Control experimental plot)
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
4
COLLECTION DISPLAY OF 43 SOYBEAN VARIETIES The 43 soybean varieties observed in this experience were the following:
VARIETY MATURITY GROUP BREEDER/MAINTAINER
1 ISIDOR I
EURALIS 2 SPONSOR I
3 MENTOR 00
4 GLADIATOR 00
5 DH 4173 0
RWA 6 SILVIA PZO 0
7 TOURMALINE 000
8 DUKAT 0
DELTA SEME 9 BISER 0
10 VIDRA 00
11 AVIGEYA I
OSS PAVLIKENI 12 RICHY II
13 ROSA II
14 SREBRINA II
15 VIGO I ITC
16 ONIX 00
ARDS TURDA
17 FELIX 00
18 PERLA 00
19 DARINA TD 00
20 MALINA TD 00
21 LARISA TD 00
22 CARO TD 00
23 SOLENA 000
PROBSTDORFER 24 SIGALIA 00
25 SINARA 00
26 FLAVIA 00
27 IKA I
INSTITUTE OSJIEK 28 SANDA 0
29 EMA 0
30 DACIANA 0
NARDI FUNDULEA 31 TRIUMF I
32 OANA F 0
33 MERLIN 000
DONAU SAAT
34 SY LIVIUS 000
35 SY ELIOT 00
36 AIRES 0
37 SG SR PICOR 0
38 SG EIDER I
39 STEARA I
40 NOVA III MAY AGRO
41 ADSOY 000
SAATEN UNION 42 SUNRISE 000
43 KORANA 00
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
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The parameters of the comparison plot are the following:
Distance between rows: 70 cm
Band width per variety: 4.2 m
Plot width: 180.6 m
Plot length: 60 m
Acreage per variety: 252 m2
Total acreage: 10836 m2
Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)
Planting of varieties was performed on April 27th, 2015 with SPC 6 planter at 70 cm distance
between rows.
The favorable conditions, both in terms of temperature and soil moisture, allowed a uniform
emergence, this being achieved in on May 15th, 2015.
Data on the behavior of displyed soybean varieties under climate conditions in Caracal in 2015
are shown in Table 2.
The flowering was starting on June 18th for the very early varieties and continuing until July 6th
for the varieties in maturity group III.
Depending on soybean variety, the plant height was showing variations from 63 cm for variety
Mentor (00, Euralis) up to 130 cm for variety Darina TD (00, ARDS Turda).
The height insertion of the first basal pod varied from 4 cm for variety Merlin (000, Donau Saat)
to 12 cm for varieties Vigo (I, ITC), Darina TD (00, ARDS Turda) and Adsoy (000, Saaten Union).
Regarding productions, the top 3 varieties were: Sponsor (00, Euralis) - 4016 kg/Ha, Merlin
(000, Donau Saat) - 3960 kg/Ha and Mentor (00, Euralis) - 3623 kg/Ha.
Good yields were also registered for the following varieties: Solena (000, Probstdorfer) - 3594
kg/Ha and Aires (0, Donau Saat) - 3469 kg/Ha.
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
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Table 2
Results obtained in 2015 on comparison between 43 soybean varieties at ARDS Caracal 2015
Variety Beginning
flowering Plant
Height (cm)
Insertion Height (cm)
Yield (kg/Ha)
13% moisture
TGW (gr)
1 ISIDOR 28.06 98 6 3239 179
2 SPONSOR 30.06 90 10 4016 153
3 MENTOR 27.06 65 9 3623 191
4 GLADIATOR 30.06 100 8 2982 173
5 DH 4173 28.06 80 10 3182 174
6 SILVIA PZO 27.06 75 8 2388 148
7 TOURMALINE 26.06 78 7 3296 147
8 DUKAT 28.06 95 6 2927 116
9 BISER 28.06 88 9 2807 137
10 VIDRA 29.06 78 8 1815 135
11 AVIGEYA 27.06 85 7 2746 147
12 RICHY 28.06 83 8 3003 139
13 ROSA 30.06 84 8 2921 163
14 SREBRINA 01.07 98 7 2893 148
15 VIGO 28.06 105 12 2600 132
16 ONIX 28.06 88 9 2453 128
17 FELIX 27.06 100 10 2410 144
18 PERLA 29.06 80 7 1938 123
19 DARINA TD 30.06 130 12 2538 133
20 MALINA TD 28.06 95 8 2384 127
21 LARISA TD 29.06 115 9 2754 140
22 CARO TD 27.06 105 5 2688 138
23 SOLENA 25.06 75 7 3594 148
24 SIGALIA 26.06 70 10 2517 167
25 SINARA 28.06 74 6 2631 175
26 FLAVIA 27.06 78 5 1659 136
27 IKA 30.06 100 10 2688 132
28 SANDA 29.06 105 8 3124 161
29 EMA 27.06 104 5 2941 157
30 DACIANA 28.06 100 5 3212 148
31 TRIUMF 02.07 105 7 2877 145
32 OANA F 27.06 95 7 2450 116
33 MERLIN 20.06 70 4 3960 163
34 SY LIVIUS 21.06 73 6 2816 166
35 SY ELIOT 23.06 98 9 3160 164
36 AIRES 27.06 90 5 3469 160
37 SG SR PICOR 27.06 100 8 2985 176
38 SG EIDER 28.06 92 9 2407 169
39 STEARA 28.06 90 8 3068 162
40 NOVA 06.07 110 8 2251 168
41 ADSOY 19.06 88 12 2372 155
42 SUNRISE 18.06 75 6 2155 151
43 KORANA 02.07 97 8 2149 123
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
7
TIME OF SOWING
In the Time of Sowing experience, the following experimental plot has been established:
1. Time of Sowing I - early seeding on April 16th, 2015
2. Time of Sowing II - seeding during optimal period on April 27th, 2015
3. Time of Sowing III - late seeding on May 8th, 2015
The parameters of the seeding period plot are the following:
Distance between rows: 70 cm
Soy varieties: Mentor (00, Euralis) and Isidor (I, Euralis)
No. of variants: 6
Band width per sowing date per variety: 4.2 m
Plot width: 25.2 m
Plot length: 60 m
Acreage per time of sowing plot: 252 m2
Total acreage: 1512 m2
Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)
Weather conditions did not allow Time of Sowing I to be executed on April 1st, 2015. Planting
was performed on April 16th, 2015 with more than 2 weeks delay. The next two sowing
experiences have been seeded on an time interval of 10 days in between, repectively April 27th,
2015 for Time of Sowing II and May 8th, 2015 for Time of Sowing III.
Quite reduced soil water reserve at the time of planting and low temperatures - especially during
the night – determined a late and non-uniform emergence of the soy varieties in Time Of Sowing I.
In contrast, the very favorable temperatures and enough rainfall created explosive and uniform
emergence of the soy varieties seeded in Time of Sowing III.
Although the 3 Time of Sowing experiences have been planted in a 22-day interval, the
emergence occurred in a period of only 8 days, mainly due insufficient moisture in the soil and
highly oscillating temperatures.
In general, the higher values of plant height were recorded in Time of Sowing III, which benefited
of optimal temperature and humidity conditions.
For Time of Sowing II the plant height was 65 cm for Mentor and 102 cm for Isidor, in comparison
to 56 cm, respectively 88 cm for Time of Sowing I.
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
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The highest values of insertion height were recorded in Time of Sowing III experience, while the
lowest values have been recorded in Time of Sowing I.
The average number of pods per plant fluctuated between 46 for Mentor variety seeded in Time
of Sowing III and 70 for Isidor variety sown in Time of Sowing I.
The average number of grains per plant presented variations between 124 for Mentor variety
planted in Time of Sowing III and 195 for Isidor variety planted in Time of Sowing II.
Benefiting from favorable conditions that allowed a timely and uniform emergence, the Time of
Sowing III provided the highest yields of 3020 kg/Ha for variety Isidor and 3524 kg/Ha for
variety Mentor.
The above recorded informations confirm that the period of achieving optimal seeding depends
primarily on meeting the conditions and requirements of temperature and soil moisture. Fulfilling
these conditions ensure a uniform emergence and normal development of the plant, being less
influenced by calendar date.
Table 3
Results obtained in the 3 seeding periods at ARDS Caracal in 2015
Time of Sowing
Variety Emergence Date
Plant Height (cm)
Insertion Height (cm)
Average pods per
plant
Average grains per
plant
Yield
(kg/Ha)
TGW
(gr)
1 I MENTOR 04.05 56 5 54 144 3122 184
ISIDOR 04.05 88 5 70 189 2267 208
2 II MENTOR 08.05 50 6 49 162 3374 176
ISIDOR 08.05 70 8 65 195 2594 200
3 III MENTOR 12.05 65 7 46 124 3524 172
ISIDOR 12.05 102 9 62 172 3020 188
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
9
SEEDING DENSITIES
The Seeding Densities experience was seeded on April 27th, 2015 with SUP 29 planter at 75 cm
and distance between rows.
Three densities were experimented:
1. 45 germinating grains/m2
2. 55 germinating grains/m2
3. 65 germinating grains/m2
The parameters of the seeding densities plot are the following:
Soy varieties: Mentor (00, Euralis) and Isidor (I, Euralis)
No. of variants: 6
Band width per density experience: 3.62 m
Plot width: 21.72 m
Plot length: 60 m
Acreage per density experience: 217.2 m2
Total acreage: 1303.2 m2
Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)
Isidor variety presented the tallest plant height in all 3 densities, the variation limits being very
close; from 100 cm for the density of 45 g.g/m2 to 103 cm for 65 g.g/m2.
The height insertion of the first basal pod was good for both soy varieties in all 3 densities,
showing values between 8 cm to 12 cm.
The highest average number of pods per plant was recorded for Isidor variety (76) at the density
of 45 g.g/m2; the lowest average number of pods per plant was observed at Mentor variety (47)
at the density of 45 g.g/m2.
Similarly, the highest average number of grains per plant can be noticed for Isidor variety (236)
for the density of 45 g.g/m2; the lowest average number of grains per plant was registered for
Mentor variety (136) for the density of 45 g.g/m2.
With respect to yields, both varieties recorded the highest production potential for the density
of 55 g.g/m2; 3670 kg/Ha for Mentor variety respectively, 2932 kg/Ha for Isidor variety.
The highets TGW value was registered for Isidor variety planted at the density of 55 g.g/m2.
Table 4
Results obtained on 3 densities at ARDS Caracal in 2015
Density
(g.g/m2)
Variety Plant
Height
(cm)
Insertion
Height
(cm)
Average pods
per plant
Average grains
per plant
Yield
(kg/Ha)
TGW
(gr)
1 45 MENTOR 64 8 47 136 3585 172
ISIDOR 100 12 76 236 2604 180
2 55 MENTOR 63 9 52 156 3670 184
ISIDOR 102 12 66 198 2932 192
3 65 MENTOR 61 8 64 192 3290 176
ISIDOR 103 11 68 204 2261 172
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
10
DISTANCES BETWEEN ROWS
The Distance Between Rows experience was seeded on April 27th, 2015 with SUP 29 planter at
75 cm and distance between rows.
Three distances between rows were experimented:
1. 25 cm between rows
2. 50 cm between rows
3. 75 cm between rows
The parameters of the seeding densities plot are the following:
Soy variety: Sponsor (I, Euralis)
No. of variants: 3
Band width per density experience: 7.24 m
Plot width: 21.72 m
Plot length: 60 m
Acreage per density experience: 434.4 m2
Total acreage: 1303.2 m2
Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)
Sponsor variety recorded the highest plant height of 95 cm for the distance of 50 cm between
rows.
The insertion height of the first basal pods presented an average value of 7 cm for 25 cm distance
of between rows and reaching 11 cm in case of the 75 cm distance between rows.
The average number of pods per plant and the average number of grains per plant had the
highest values at a distance of 50 cm between rows.
Under the specific conditions of 2015, it seems that the most advantageous option was the sown
at 75 cm between rows. The yield obtained in this case was 3778 kg/Ha, 70% higher than the
experience seeded at 50 cm between rows and 151% higher than the variant planted at 25 cm.
Table 5
Results obtained on 3 distances between rows at ARDS Caracal in 2015
Density
(g.g/m2)
Variety Plant
Height
(cm)
Insertion
Height
(cm)
Average
pods per
plant
Average
grains per
plant
Yield
(kg/Ha)
TGW
(gr)
1 25
SPONSOR
89 7 55 163 1503 144
2 50 95 9 61 183 2215 155
3 75 93 11 60 180 3778 149
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
11
WEED CONTROL
Planting of the varieties in Weed Control experience was performed on May 8th, 2015 with SPC
6 planter at 70 cm distance between rows.
The parameters of the weed control plot are the following:
Distance between rows: 70 cm
Soy variety: Gladiator (00, Euralis)
Band width per herbicide variant: 12.6 m
Plot width: 50.4 m
Plot length: 60 m
Acreage per herbicide variant: 756 m2
Total acreage: 3024 m2
Inoculum: Poliriz S (Transapicola); Mycorrhiza + Rhizobium (Wilhelms Best)
4 variants of weed control were experienced with pre and post-emerging herbicides as follows:
Variant # 1
Pre-emergent: Wing P (Dimetenamid-P 212,5 gr/l + Pendimetalin 250 gr/l), 4 l/ha BASF
Post-emergent: Corum (Bentazon 480 g/l + Imazamox 22,4 g/l), 0,95 l/ha + Dash, 0,5 l/ha
BASF (2 passes)
Variant # 2
Pre-emergent: Frontier Forte (Dimetenamid-P 720 g/l), 1,4 l/ha BASF
Post-emergent: Pulsar 40 (Imazamox 40 g/l), 1 l/ha BASF
Variant # 3
Pre-emergent: Pendigan (Pendimetalin 330 g/l), 5,0 l/ha + Surdone (Metribuzin 700 g/kg),
0,5 l/ha ADAMA
Post-emergent: Leopard (Quizalofop-P-etil 50 g/l), 2 l/ha ADAMA
Variant # 4
Pre-emergent: Pendigan 330 EK (Pendimetalin 330 g/l) 3.0 l/Ha + Surdone (Metribuzin 700
g/kg), 0,5 l/ha ADAMA
Post-emergent: Agil (Propaquizafop 100 g/l), 1,5 l/ha ADAMA
Pre-emergent herbicides were applied on May 13th, 2015 in all 4 variants of weed control. All other post-emergent herbicides were sprayed on June 9th, 2015.
Under the climate conditions of 2015 all 4 variants of pre and post-emergent herbicides had a good efficacy in controlling the weeds existing in the respective plot.
REPORT ON DEMO PLATFORM ARDS CARACAL 2015
12
Pictures from the early stages of the demo platform can be found at the following link:
https://goo.gl/photos/DZMfFe67bjynopAVA
Pictures with different experiences and soybean varieties can be found at the following link:
https://goo.gl/photos/P3sDZR6udMevYGGR8
Pictures and videos from the demo platform field day can be found at the following link:
https://goo.gl/photos/37SqdKoV9jWn3MgF7
Dragos Dima Regional Director Romania, Bulgaria, Rep. Moldova
Donau Soja/Danube Soya
Str. Frumoasa 50, Ap. 7, Sector 1,
Bucuresti, Romania Mobile: + 40 744 355 787
E-mail: dima@donausoja.org
www.donausoja.org
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