Post on 18-Dec-2021
Implications of the use of ICT: ICT in shops and banks
Questions about how ICT is used within Shops and banks are very popular. They can
take different formats, so it is important to know the key terms and basic knowledge
about these topics. You will find that a lot of it is common sense. Some Facts to
Remember: Bar codes: contain details about the product, and ends with a check
digit, so the computer can
validate that the data is correct.
EPOS: (Electronic Point of
Sale) the bar code details are
scanned into the system by a
laser scanner, which is connected
to the store’s computer system.
The computer then reduces the
recorded stock of the product and
more stock can be automatically
ordered.
EFTPOS: (Electronic
Funds Transfer) when
customers pay for shopping using
debit cards instead of cash. A
potential problem of EFTPOS is
card fraud. To reduce this chance the card has a place for the
customer’s signature. They all have a PIN number and the
customer has to enter their PIN number when they purchase
items with their credit/debit
cards.
1.2
Top tip
If you imagine yourself being served this will help you answer this question.
Top tip
Incorrect answers to this would be packing bags. You are looking for services that are offered by the POS. e.g. discounts, receipts, Buy one, get one free, loyalty cards, cash back, etc.
To do: Label the image below to show which devices
are inputs and which are outputs
It is important to know how ICT is used within banks.
There are three main ways.
1) Computers are used to
process cheques.
There are three sets of numbers on the bottom of the cheque these are:
cheque number, sort code and
account number. They are typed
using Magnetic Ink. All cheques go to
a clearing-house, where they are read
MICR – Magnetic Ink using MICR.
Character Recognition The main benefits of this, is that it is quicker and
more accurate than
processing the cheques by hand.
2) ATMs.
ATM stands for Automatic Telling
Machine. By putting a bank card in a person can withdraw money.
On the back of the card is a magnetic
stripe containing the customer’s account number, bank sort code and
the maximum amount they can withdraw each day.
Banks like ATM’s because they can
employ fewer cashiers and offer 24hour service. Customers like them
because they can get cash where and
when they need it.
3) Home banking.
Home banking uses the Internet or
telephone to give customers access to their bank accounts 24 hours a day.
Problems for banks Benefits for banks
High level security Paper costs are
needed lower
Still security breaches Less storage space
happen/hackers needed
Credit & Debit Cards
Cards play an increasingly important role
in retail and banking and as a result, have
become increasingly targeted by
criminals.
Types of card
Credit Cards
Give the user access to borrowed money and can often be used anywhere.
They are usually more expensive to use and charge high interest rates
Debit Card
Give the user easy access to money in their own account and usually can be used in
fewer places. They are generally cheaper to own and use than credit cards.
You can also use ATMs to:
Check your balance
Top up your mobile
Order a new pin or cheque book
• Test it – Banks, Retail & Data Capture
How Cards work
Cards work by combining features such Chip and Pin
with signatures , verification codes and magstripes
Magstripes ( or magnetic stripes )
Contain information such as Country Code and Name
and Account Number
Cards and Crime
Cards (and card details) are often stolen for crimes
like Fraud , Theft and Identity Theft
Top tip You may sometimes be asked to explain the advantages or cards for customers, banks or even shops
ICT in Retail & Banking Part 3
Top tip
When a question asks for advantages or disadvantages of something be careful to remember who it is concerning . In this question the advantages are for the customer not the bank. Other ways of Capturing Data
LOOK!
You will often be asked to identify other ways that data is captured electronically.
Pay close attention to these examples. You may only be given these and asked how they are used.
O ptical M ark R ecognition
Uses infra red light to scan
marks entered onto forms
such as lottery tickets,
multiple choice exam papers
and registers
Good for large amounts, but
must be entered accurately
O ptical C haracter R ecognition
uses scanner to convert hand written or
typed text into digital format
good for easy data capture – prone to mistakes
Implications of the use of ICT:
Communication & Networks
Examiners like asking questions about E-mail and networks.
E-mail (Electronic Mail) is a way of sending messages (and documents) from one computer to another. The messages are often text-based, and are usually sent via a PC
connected to the Internet. But you can also use a WAP mobile phone or a digital television.
Networks – a network is when two or more computers are connected together to communicate. The Internet is a type of network.
1.3
E - Mail Positives
1) It’s quick - e - mails take seconds to send
2) It’s cheap - e - mails are cheaper than posting or faxing
3) Sensing a message to many people is easy -
and grouping addresses is as easy as sending to one person.
E - Mail Negatives
1) The sender and receiver both need Internet access and e - mail accounts.
2) The hardware and software is expensive.
3) Get a single letter of the address wrong, and the message won’t be delivered.
4) The message sits in the recipient’s mailbox until they next look at their e - mail account.
gordon.brown@number10.gov.uk
User
name
domain
name
organisation
code
Country
code
The parts of an e - mail address
To do: Use this website to make a list of e - mail features: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesi
ze/ict/datacomm/1emailrev2.shtml
LAN’s (Local Area Networks) are the networks you see in most schools and offices. WAN’s (Wide Area Networks) are used when the computers that need to be connected together are in different places.
Networks: Advantages
1) Peripherals such as printers can be shared amongst many different users.
2) Terminals are cheaper than stand - alone PC’s.
3) Software can be shared
amongst different users. 4) Communication across the
network is cheap and fast .
Networks: Disadvantages
1) Cabling can be expensive to install and replace.
2) A fault with the server will prevent the whole network from working .
3) Security measures are needed to restrict access to the network.
4) WAN’s are vulnerable to hackers and viruses .
Network Topologies
Networks come in many shapes and sizes.
Each has advantages and disadvantages
The Internet is:
all networks linked
together
Bus Network Single connection for all computers Easy to make but only works well when small.
Ring Network Sends messages through shared link. No server needed, but one machine fails and whole network fails
Star Network Machines linked to central server Stable and easy to manage but if server fails, network fails
Mesh Network All machines linked to multiple others Fast and powerful buts lots of redundant machines
Network Rules There are a number of techniques organisations use to maintain network
security. Some are shown below:
Network Protection Methods Relevant Rules/Policies
Usernames & Passwords Must not be shared with others
used to prevent unauthorised access Change password frequently
Firewalls & Virus Checkers Don’t install unchecked files Block and/or
Check for viruses
Backups & Protection Backup files and make sure
Copies made of important files network is physically secure Locks, and
safe storage of discs
Policies and Laws No hacking or tampering with files
Employees must follow policies No accessing or sharing of
Laws such as Data Protection Act inappropriate or illegal content
No unauthorised sharing of files or
protected information/data
To do: Below are a list of terms you may be asked about. Link
up the term with the correct definition:
Malware Junk e-mails sent to many recipients Trojan Horse Software
designed to do damage or exploit security weaknesses
Identity Theft A harmful program or application that is
disguised as something else
Spam
Stealing and using personal details to commit fraud or theft
Want to find out more?
http://www.didcotgirls.oxon.sch.uk/depts/it/gcse/notes/security/index.htm
Awww!….shuck s you guys
1.4
Humans and ComputersHumans and Computers Graphical User InterfaceGraphical User Interface
It’s all about Gooeys and WIMPs nowadays!
In order to make the process of using computers
easier, software designers such as Doug Engelbart,
Steve Jobs and Bill Gates came up with ways of
combining lots of computer applications into one
G raphical U ser I nterface (GUIs or “Gooey” for short)
LOOK!
You will often be asked to list the above features of a GUI, so it’s worth remembering what W.I.M.P stands for
To Do: Identify the four features of a GUI on the picture below
W indow
I con
M enu
P ointer
1.5 Knowledge,
Information & Data
Examiners are always keen
to check that you understand
the difference between
Knowledge, Information &
Data. Therefore, it’s worth
taking time to make sure you
do in fact know this.
Data is words,
numbers, dates,
images, sounds etc
without context.
e.g.
Information is a
collection of words,
numbers, dates,
images, sounds etc put
into
context, i.e. to give them
meaning. . e.g.
Knowledge is the ability to understand information and to then
form judgements, e.g. “Newport have won ten games
Hmmmn,.... I just know I know this one!!!
love
Fluffy bunny loves you
Newport 22, Pompey nil
Newport
Kenny is 22
LOOK!
You will often be asked to just
Give definitions
of what
data, knowledge and information are, so it is worth practising these definitions
opinions, make predictions in a row, therefore I predict and
decisions based on that they will be promoted!”
understanding.
Want to find out more?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/databases/0datainforev1.shtml
• Test it – Humans & Computers
Want to find out more?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/measurecontrol/0computercontrolrev1.shtml
• Test it – Control
The Internet & World Wide Web 1.8 Advantages, Disadvantages
& Dangers
Cheers Tim!
Since Tim Berners-Lee and his team created the World
Wide Web to enhance the Internet, www based
services and technologies have gone from strength to
strength and now affect almost every aspect of our
lives.
The benefits are enormous; but there are also disadvantages and dangers
to using these technologies.
To Do:
Describe a system that Fred
could use to make getting in
and out of his office easier
( Make sure you use the key terms )
One of the biggest advantages of the www is how it makes buying and
selling products and services ( usually called E-Commerce) easy. E.g.
Search engines make Websites can be accessed at any Shopping carts make finding what
you want easier time from anywhere paying easy
The Internet & World Wide Web
Advantages, Disadvantages & Dangers
E-safety
Because of its size, complexity, ease of access and speed of development, it is hard to
make sure the Internet is safe. You need to be able to show that you are aware of the
dangers you may encounter on the web and what you can do to avoid them. In the exam
you will often be asked to explain some of the following:
1.8
WWW
Advantages
24 /7/365 access
Interactive
More choice
Lower costs
Compare items
easily
Instant access to
information
Stay at home
communication
Access to software
Access to services
E - mail
Instant Messaging
WWW
Disadvantages
Cost of access
Distance
Long delivery times
Spamming
Dodgy software
Dodgy Content
Reliability
Privacy
No access for all
To Do!
You may be asked to give examples for buyers or sellers. Write down advantages
and disadvantages for buyers and sellers for
each of the examples listed above.
-As is says on the tin Copyright
Tell Parents -Damage/Infection/Theft
Share info. with care Check where possible
Block if possible In in doubt, don’t
Look for royalty-free content
Want to find out more?
http://www.teach-ict.com/ks3/internet_safety/staying_safe/stayingsafe1.htm
Chat rooms
- Stranger Danger
Use nickname
Don’t share personal info Stay in public chat rooms
Don’t accept attachments
Don’t agree to meet
Passwords
- Fraud/Theft/Bullying
Do not share
Use 3ncrypt3d passwords
Change regularly
Don’t use personal data such as birthdates
Cyber - bullying