Post on 22-Dec-2015
Solution Provider bij bodemsanering
Leading in soil and groundwater remediationSolution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Leading in soil and groundwater remediation
Use of direct injection techniques
as a sustainable approach to In Situ
remediation> 20 years experience
Groundwater TechnologyEric de Zeeuw
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Content
19-04-23
1. Two cases where direct injection is the best (only?) option
2. Case 1 in Weesp (ISCR and ISGS)
3. Case 2 in Leiden (ISCR)
4. Case in Leiden: Carbon footprint of ISCR compared to ISCO and P&T
5. Conclusions
Solution Provider bij bodemsanering
Leading in soil and groundwater remediationSolution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Leading in soil and groundwater remediation
Case 1 (Weesp)
In Situ Chemical Reduction and
In Situ StabilisationISCR & ISSTAB
At former Dry Cleaner
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Issue
19-04-23
Ex dry-cleaners facility in 16th century building. Designated monument & on cultural heritage list; part of old city centre Weesp on water front•Volatile chlorinated ethenes, degrading•Low permeability soil•Highly susceptible to subsidence•Transfer of ownership: future liability is an issue
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Site Overview
19-04-23
Site
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Problem
19-04-23
Contamination extends over 150 m2 (source: 60 m2, vertical extent > 7 m);
Migration appears to be minimal;
Typical approach: ‘monitored natural attenuation’;
Is there an alternative for an infinite period of monitoring ?
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Conceptual model
19-04-23
Basic model:Topsoil, very fine sand, slightly permeable; 0 - 2.5 mClay 2.5 – 6 mClay & peat layers 6 – 7 m (up to 50 mg/kg VOCl)Deeper than 7m: Aquifer (7 – 10 m: fine sand)
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
GT Solution
19-04-23
Ruled out:Pump & treat, sparge & vent (subsidence)ISCO (presence of peat)Excavation
Ruled in:In Situ chemical reductionIn Situ stabilization
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
ISSTAB
19-04-23
ISGStm = a catalyzed, buffered sodium permanganate (delivered by Adventus USA):
In the presence of an organic compound (R), MnO4- reactions yield an oxidized intermediate (Rox) or CO2 ,… plus MnO2
R + MnO4- MnO2 + CO2 or Rox
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
GT approach
19-04-23
Intensive mass reduction followed by in situ stabilizationIntensive step:In Situ Chemical Reduction: inject micro-iron slurry (ZVI)Inject substrate & nutrients to promote in situ biodegradation along the harbour sidePolishing step:Reduce permeability to stop migration
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Implementation
19-04-23
Two injection zones: 1. In front of premises
First round: 20 injection points, some oblique underneath building, to 7 m – grade: nano-iron & substrate
Second round: 20 injection points, some oblique underneath building, to 7 m – grade: to reduce permeability
2. Near the waterfront 15 injection points (vertical) as precaution
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Costs / duration
19-04-23
Option Duration Cost estimate (euro)
monitoring perpetual €1500 per annum
Basic injection (nano-iron)
Per injection event: 1 week;Total: 1-2 years
€35K
Additional injection (substrate)
No additional time;May save one basic injection round
€17K
In Situ Fixation No additional time;May save one basic injection round
€16K
Solution Provider bij bodemsanering
Leading in soil and groundwater remediationSolution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Leading in soil and groundwater remediation
Case 2 (Leiden)
Former dry cleaner: Soil contaminated by
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
ISSUE
Remediation (soil & groundwater) in early ’90-s failed.
Dewatering for roadworks will spread contamination in source zone (& in plume)
GT requested to ‘keep source in place’
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
SITE OVERVIEW
Site
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Conceptual model
19-04-23
Topsoil, fine sand, slightly permeable; 0 - 1.5 mClay and peat 1.5 – 4.5 mDeeper than 4.5 m: fine sand with clay layers (around 7 m DNAPL)Source 150 m3: Concentrations PER up to 2,300 mg/kg (6.5 – 7.0 m) 560 kg PERPlume: 16,500 m3 33 kg PER, 29 kg TRI, 7 kg CIS and 5 kg VC
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
SOURCE ZONE 150 m2
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
OVERVIEW PLUME
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SOLUTION
Options evaluated: ISCO (Peroxide&Ozone) (Not in
peat layers) as option to address source zone
In Situ chemical reduction as containment measure between the source zone and the dewatering
Biological approaches are not applicable in view of the relatively short timeframe.
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
TIME & COSTS
Option Duration Cost estimate (euro)
Peroxide & ozone 22 weeks; €66.000
Zero valent Iron injection 2 weeks €36.000
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Carbon Footprint Method
SKB-project Carbon Footprint Soil Remediation
Project management TAUWMembers: Groundwater Technology
(and others)Result: Spreadsheet Model Calculation
CO2 emissions
Result: CO2 3 Years P&T
• Water treatment 159.5 Tons, extraction 6.2 Tons CO2
Result: ISCO (O3/H2O2)
ISCO: 5.7 Tons CO2
Result: ISVR (ZVI)
ZVI: 4.2 Tons CO2
Solution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
CONCLUSIONS
A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH?• LESS CO2-EMISSIONS
• LESS € • LESS DAMAGE (eg. Subsidence)• NO HINDRANCE
Solution Provider bij bodemsanering
Leading in soil and groundwater remediationSolution Provider for soil & groundwater remediation
Leading in soil and groundwater remediation
Groundwater Technology BV
Sheffieldstraat 13 P.O. Box 121153047 AN Rotterdam 3004 CG Rotterdam
Tel: +31 (0)10 238 2850Incident response: +31 (0)10 238 2868
Fax: +31 (0)10 238 2869
E-mail: info@gtbv.nl Web: www.gtbv.nl
Thanks for your Attention