Post on 04-Apr-2018
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SOFT SWITCHING BOOST CONVERTER
WITH MPPT FOR SOLAR HOMELIGHTING SYSTEM
D.Shankar , A.S.WerulkarAnd P.S.Kulkarni
Presented by:
D.Shankar
M.Tech,ELECTRICAL ENGG.DEPT. , VNIT
E-mail:shankarnaik235@gmail.Com
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WHY SOLAR ENERGY?
Solar energy is the most readily available source of
energy.
It is free.
It is also the most important of the non-conventionalsources of energy because it is non-polluting.
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OUTLINE
Modeling of PV module
Maximum power point tracking
Soft-switching dc-dc converter
PV systems with MPPT Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm
Conclusions
References
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INTRODUCTION
A MPPT system has been developed, consisting of a softswitching BOOST-type dc/dc converter, irrespective of the
temperature and irradiation conditions and of the load electrical
characteristics.
It overcomes the problem of mismatch between the solar arraysand the given load.
The conventional boost converter decreases the efficiency
because of hard switching, which generates losses when the
switches are turned on/off.
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MODELING OF PV MODULE A PV module consists of a number of solar cells
connected in series and parallel to obtain the desiredvoltage and current output levels.
Each solar cell is basically a p-n diode.
The basic equation that describes the current output of
PV module of the single diode model is given by
1expc
S
P
s
s
sPphpAKT
IRN
IR
N
Vq
ININI
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SOLAR CELLS CHARACTERISTICS.
The solar cell has nonlinear VIand PVcharacteristics,
which depend on the irradiance, the operating
temperature and load condition of the cell.
The CurrentVoltage relationship & The Power - voltage
relationship curve of a solar PV module is given by
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WHAT IS A MAXIMUM POWER POINT
TRACKER? Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT):
Technique used in power electronics systems to obtain the maximum
possible energy from PV arrays. Its use is desired to compensate for the effect of temperature, variations
in solar radiation, and load condition in a PV system.
A DC-DC converter (step up), serves the purpose of transferring maximum
power from the PV module to the load and acts as an interface between the
load and the module.
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PV ARRAY CURRENT-VOLTAGE CURVES
& POWER-VOLTAGE CURVES
Mismatch between resistive load and PV Source; current
voltage curves & powervoltage curves
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SOFT-SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER
The dcdc converter for a PV system has to control the
variation of the maximum power point of the solar cell
output.
Force the voltage across the switching device to drop to
zero before turning it ONZero-Voltage Switching
(ZVS)
Force the current through the switching device to drop to
zero before turning it OFFZero-Current Switching
(ZCS)
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WHY SOFT-SWITCHING?
Reduce switching losses especially at high switchingfrequencies.
Increase the power density, since the size and weight of
the magnetic components is decreased by increasing theoperating frequency.
Reduce the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).
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SOFT-SWITCHING BOOST CONVERTER
Values of resonant inductor and resonant capacitor are
calculated by
minmaxmin
22IiTDVTVDL Lfwor
oo
r
r
r
V
TDI
V
LI
L
TDC
2
minmin
22
2
min
2
22
min8.0404.0
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MPPT LIMITATION
The maximum power transfer occurs when the
source impedance equal to load impedance. i.e. The input impedance is given by
The converter output voltage & current is given
by
The relation between & is given by
in
in
in
I
VR
D
VV
S
O
1)1( DII
SO
LOAD
O
O
S
S
inRD
I
VD
I
VR
22
11
LOAD
in
R
RD 1
inR
loadR
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BASIC PERTURB AND OBSERVE
Reference voltage control.
Direct duty ratio control.
System performance is affected by:
Step Size
Perturbation Frequency MPPTf
REFVDor
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CONTD..
Implemented through a DC/DC converter
LOGIC
1. Change duty cycle
2. Observe consequences on power output
3. Decide direction of next change in duty cycle
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PERTURBAND OBSERVE MPPT ALGORITHM
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BOOST CONVERTER & PVMODULE
PARAMETERS
Maximum Power(Po,
max )74Wp(optional)
Switching
frequency( fs)
20 kHz
PV Module Voltage
(Vi)
15-17.5V
Output Voltage (Vo) 25V
Main Inductor( L) 280H
Resonant Inductor(
Lr)
150H
Input Filter Inductor(Lf)
50H
Output
Capacitor(Co)
1000F
Table I. Boost Converter
Parameters
Open circuit voltage(Voc) 22.42V
Short circuit current(Isc) 4.2A
Maximum voltage(Vmpp) 18.83V
Maximum current(Impp) 3.93A
Maximum power at
STC(Pmax)
74WP
Table II. PV Module
Parameters
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MATLAB/SIMULATION &RESULTS
MPPT CONTROLLER
ZVS BOOST CONVERTERSOLAR PV PANEL
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V-I & P-V CHARACTERISTICS UNDERDIFFERENT
RADIATION(MATLAB/SIMULATIONRESULTS)
1000W/m21000W/m2
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ZVS BOOST CONVERTER(MATLAB/SIMULATION)
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Fig..1 Represent Waveform of Main Inductor Current and gate pulse.
Fig.2. Voltage and current waveform across main switch.
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Fig.3.Voltage across resonant capacitor and resonant inductor current
Fig.4. Voltage across diode.
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MPPT P&O METHOD
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PV MODULEPOWER, VOLTAGE, ANDCURRENT(WITH
MPPT
With out MPPT
At 25oC
&1000W/m2
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PV MODULEPOWER, VOLTAGE, AND
CURRENT(WITHSTEPINCREASESINRADIATION)
Time(sec)
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PV MODULE POWER, AND DUTY CYCLE
VARIATION(STEPSIZED =0.005)
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PV MODULE POWER, AND DUTY CYCLE
VARIATION(WITHSTEPINCREASESINRADIATION)
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CONCLUSIONS
The P&O MPPT algorithm is a simple algorithm that
does not require previous knowledge of the PV generator
characteristics or the measurement of solar intensity and
cell temperature.
Direct duty ratio control offers better stability
characteristics and higher energy utilization efficiency at
a slower transient response and worse performance at
rapidly changing irradiance.
Noise has significant impact on the algorithmperformance, especially with low step sizes where the
system response to noise is comparable to that of MPPT
perturbations.
REFERENCES
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REFERENCES
[1] R. Gules, J. De Pellegrin Pacheco, H. L. Hey, and J. Rnhoff, A
maximum power point tracking system with parallel connection for PV
stand-alone applications,IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp.
26742683, Jul. 2008.
[2] F. Liu, S. Duan, F. Liu, and Y. Kang, A variable step size INC
MPPT method for PV system,IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7,
pp. 26222628, Jul. 2008.
[3] Sang-Hoon Park, Gil-Ro Cha, Yong-Chae Jung, and Chung-Yuen
Won, Senior Member, IEEE, Design and Application for PV GenerationSystem Using a Soft-Switching Boost Converter With SARC, IEEE
Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 2, February 2010.
[4] Eftichios Koutroulis, Kostas Kalaitzakis, Member, IEEE, and
Nicholas C. Voulgaris Development of a Microcontroller-Based
Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System., IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 16, NO. 1,
JANUARY 2001.
[5] Rahul S. Sable, A. S. Werulkar and P. S. Kulkarni , "Microcontroller
Based Soft Switching Buck Converter for Solar Home Lighting System.,
National conference on (ETREEE-201 ) pp.(167-173), February 25-
26,2012.
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Thank you
D.Shankar
E-mail:shankarnaik235@gmail.Com