Social Studies Reading Comprehension Bell-Ringers

Events of the

Renaissance

Da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa

Gutenberg Bible is printed

British defeat

Spanish Armada

?

• Which answer BEST completes the diagram?

• A. Alexander Fleming Discovers penicillin

• B. Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh paints Starry Night

• C. Columbus explores the Americas

• D. Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin

Answer

•C • Columbus explores the Americas

Which of the following is NOT directly associated with the Protestant Reformation?

• A. Martin Luther• B. Selling of indulgences• C. Bible as “direct pipeline to God”• D. The Magna Carta

Answer

•D •The Magna Carta

1. Matching

• A. Crusades• B. Renaissance• C. Reformation• D. Conquistadors

• 1. Intellectual pursuits resulted in more advanced technology

• 2. Attempt to take Holy Lands away from Muslim

• 3. Rise of the Protestant religion• 4. Exposure to Middle East and

Asian cultures and goods• 5. Spanish explorers searching for

God, gold, and glory• 6. Galileo and Leonardo Da Vinci

contributed inventions and art to society during this time

• 7. Unscrupulous church practices led to this movement

Answer

1. B2. A3. C4. A5. D6. B7. C

2. Match each fact below to the applicable colony.

A.JamestownB. St. Augustine

1. Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company

2. Founded in 1565 by Pedro Menendez, expedition funded by King Philip II of Spain

3. Located on what is now northern Florida

4. Changed leaders when colonists began to starve; Captain John Smith took over

Answers

1.A2.B3.B4.A

3. The Columbian Exchange had a major impact on Native American societies

1. What was the Columbian Exchange?

2. How did it affect Native Americans?

3. How did it affect European countries?

4. What was a major disadvantage of the Columbian Exchange?

Answers1. The Columbian Exchange began

when Columbus came to America. Columbus brought native life forms from Europe to the new land, and when he left America, he brought native forms from America back to Europe

2. Columbus brought the first horses and pigs to America. He also brought many new foods including peaches, pears, and limes. These animals and fruits provided Native Americans with transportation and more food.

3. When Columbus returned to Europe, he brought many new food crops including corn, potatoes, and squash from America. These crops allowed Europeans to have more food available to them.

4. The spread of disease was the most devastating result of the Columbian Exchange. Smallpox, measles, and influenza are some examples of new diseases spread throughout Native American societies, killing large numbers of people. Syphilis originated in America and spread to Europe.

4.

• The colonists wanted to separate from Great Britain for a number of reasons. What did the 3 issues listed below mean to the colonists? What events came about because of these 3 issues?

1. Taxation2. Lack of Free Trade3. French and Indian War

Answers• Taxation- the British forced numerous

tax acts upon the colonists including the Stamp Act and the Tea Act. Colonists believed these additional taxes were unfair. Colonists objected to taxation without representation. The Boston Tea Party was a result of the objections to taxes

• Lack of Free Trade- The British imposed strict control over trading done by colonists. The Navigation Acts which regulated trade had been in effect for a while. Many colonists, however, believed that these acts worked for the interest of Great Britain at the expense of the colonists

• The French and Indian War- The British had gone into debt during the French and Indian War. Parliament enforced taxation on and restricted westward movement of the colonists to help collect taxes. These actions would help the British government get out of debt

5. Complete the following chartTheories of Government What is the sources of

power?How is the ruler chosen?

Divine Rights of Kings

Social Contract Theory

AnswerTheories of Government What is the source of

Power?How is the ruler chosen?

Divine Right of Kings King is accountable only to God

Chosen by God

Social Contract Theory Ruler receives authority from the people; in exchange government protects the citizens

elected

6. How are an authoritarian monarch and a dictator alike and different?

Answer

• Alike- Both hold absolute power

• Different- the monarch inherits power by birth, the dictator takes power by force.

7. Read this excerpt from Patrick Henry’s speech

• “It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, ‘Peace! Peace!’ –but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”

• In March of 1775, Patrick Henry spoke in a meeting of Virginia delegates.

• 1. His speech was the precursor to what document?

• 2. What body declared independence from Great Britain after Patrick Henry’s speech?

• 3. Which war occurred after America declared independence from Great Britain?

Answers

• 1. The Declaration of Independence• 2. Second Continental Congress• 3. The Revolutionary War

8. Which of the following statements does not represent the thinking of the Enlightenment?

A. People have natural rightsB. There should be a system of checks and

balances in governmentC. The power of the monarch is absoluteD. All people have the right to worship, think, and

speak as they chooseE. Rebellion is justified if the ruler no longer has

the consent of the people

Answer

• C. The Enlightenment was a response to the abuses of monarchies and other social institutions. Enlightenment thinkers believed that power belonged to citizens, not kings and queens

9. What ideas from the Enlightenment did Thomas

Jefferson incorporate into the U.S. Declaration of Independence?

Answer

• Laws of nature; a decent respect for the opinions of mankind; all men are created equal; inalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness; powers from the consent of the governed; the right of the people to change or abolish the government if it does not protect their rights

10. Match the Revolutionary War sites with the correct description

A. SaratogaB. Valley ForgeC. Yorktown

1. George Washington’s troops stayed here during the winter of 1777-1778

2. This was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War. It was here that Cornwallis surrendered to Washington.

3. This battle was the turning point in the Revolutionary War because France became American’s ally.

Answer

1. B2. C3. A

11. Match these men with their role in the Revolutionary War

A. Patrick HenryB. Samuel AdamsC. George WashingtonD. Paul Revere

1. He rode through Boston letting the colonists know the British were coming

2. In a stirring speech, he urged the colonists to go to battle against Great Britain to gain independence

3. He was the leader of the Sons of Liberty

4. He was the commander of the Continental Army

Answer

1. D2. A3. B4. C

12. All of these measures most directly apply to which document?

• Measures passed by Congress must be approved by nine of the 13 states.

• Congress cannot require payment of taxes.

• Congress has the power to coin money and establish post offices.

A. Declaration of Independence

B. ConstitutionC. Bill of RightsD. Articles of

Confederation

Answer

• D – Articles of Confederation

13. The U.S. Constitution was written to address the flaws in the Articles of Confederation. What were some of the problems with

the articles of Confederation?

Answer

• Some people thought there was a need for a stronger central government. The states were experiencing economic hardships, and inflation caused dissention within the states. Regulation of commerce was also needed

14. Matching

1. Constitution2. Declaration of

Independence3. Northwest Ordinance4. Bill of Rights5. Magna Carta

A. The Document that laid out a plan for territories to enter the union as new states

B. The document that separated the colonies from Great Britain

C. The document that limited the power of the king

D. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution

E. Supreme law of the United States

Answer

1. E2. B3. A4. D5. C

15. Which document begins with the following passage?

• When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, that separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal…. A. Constitution

B. Magna CartaC. Bill of RightsD. Declaration of

Independence

Answer

• D

16. Fill in the chart with the following items

Legislative Executive Judicial

Duty

Name of Federal Office

Duty- • Interpret Laws; decide Cases• Make Laws• Enforce LawsName of Federal Office-• President • Congress• Supreme Court of the U. S.

AnswerLegislative Executive Judicial

Duty Make laws Enforce laws Interpret laws; decide cases

Name of Federal Office

Congress President Supreme Court of the U.S.

17. Select the four duties associated with the national (federal) level of government

1. Collect Taxes2. Send the army to defend the

country3. Require all students to take

graduation tests4. Set a curfew for teenagers5. Regulate trade with Canada6. Have a system of courts7. Set the amount charged for a

parking ticket8. Set the level of support for

the University of Alabama

Answer

1. Collect Taxes2. Send the army to

defend the country5. Regulate trade with

Canada6. Have a system of

courts

18. Which 4 duties are associated with the state?

1. Collect Taxes2. Send the army to defend the

country3. Require all students to take

graduation tests4. Set a curfew for teenagers5. Regulate trade with Canada6. Have a system of courts7. Set the amount charged for a

parking ticket8. Set the level of support for

the University of Alabama

Answer

• 1. Collect Taxes• 3. Require all students

to take graduation tests• 6. Have a system of

courts• 8. Set the level of

support for the University of Alabama

19. Which powers do the two levels of government share? Do local governments share these powers?

1. Collect Taxes2. Send the army to defend the country3. Require all students to take graduation tests4. Set a curfew for teenagers5. Regulate trade with Canada6. Have a system of courts7. Set the amount charged for a parking ticket8. Set the level of support for the University of

Alabama

Answer

• 1. Collect Taxes• 6. Have a system of

courts

• Yes these are also local powers

20. The Federalist Papers were written in 1787

1. Who were the authors of these articles?

2. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

Answer

1. The authors of the Federalist Papers included Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

2. The purpose of the Federalist Papers was to gain support for the proposed Constitution

21. Read the following excerpt from the Federalist #8

• “If we should be disunited…or, which is more probable, should be thrown together into two or three confederacies, we should be…in the predicament of the continental powers of Europe—our liberties would be prey to the means of defending ourselves against the ambition and jealousy of each other.”

• What point does Hamilton convey in this passage?

Answer

• He wants strong unity among states so that there will be no hostility among them. This unity will help ensure everyone’s liberty

22. Which five rights are listed in the Bill of Rights?

1. Freedom of speech2. Freedom of the press3. Freedom of religion4. The abolition of slavery5. Rights of a person accused of a crime6. The right of 18-year-olds to vote7. The right to keep and bear arms8. The right of women to vote

Answer

#’s 1,2,3,5 and 7

23. A change or addition to the Constitution is _______ ?

Answer

• An amendment

24. Why did President Jefferson send Lewis and Clark to explore the

Louisiana Territory? How did Sacagawea help the expedition to

be successful?

Answer

• 1. Jefferson wanted to learn about the large amount of land the U.S. purchased from France. Lewis and Clark wrote about and drew pictures of what they saw and created maps of the land they explored

• 2. Sacagawea helped Lewis and Clark by communicating with the Native American tribes that they met while exploring the territory. She also was able to get supplies and horses for the explorers

25. Matching

A. Land Ordinance of 1785

B. Louisiana PurchaseC. Gold Rush D. Santa Fe TrailE. Oregon TrailF. Mormon Pioneer

TrailG. Manifest Destiny

1. In 1846-1849 people traveled to the Great Salt Lake Valley of Utah to maintain religious freedom

2. An effort to consolidate schools and make education mandatory

3. Trail connecting Missouri and New Mexican; used in 1846 during Mexican American War

4. United Sates bought land from France in 1803

5. Pathway to the Pacific for fur traders, gold seekers, missionaries, and others

6. In 1849 many young American men went to California to get rich quickly

7. Phrase used to explain continental expansion to the West

Answer

1. F2. A3. D4. B5. E6. C7. G

26. • Andrew Jackson proposed the

Indian Removal Act in 1830. Congress passed the Act, which required Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River

• The Peaceful Cherokees were forced to leave their lands in North Carolina and head to Oklahoma over 1,000 miles of hostile road. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died during this evacuation

1. What was the name of the route the Cherokees took to Oklahoma?

2. Why did the federal government force the Native Americans to evacuate west of the Mississippi River?

Answer

1. The Trail of Tears2. The settlers looked with envy on Native American

lands. The Federal government saw an opportunity to increase farmable land for the U.S. by evacuating Native Americans from that land

27. Through which states did the Trail of Tears go?

Answer

• The Trail of Tears went through North Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma

28.• During the 1850s sectional

division occurred in the United States. Three events during this time exemplified the loss of freedom for African Americans. Put these three events on a timeline. How did they increase sectional division across the country?

• Fugitive Slave Act• Dred Scott Decision• John Brown’s Raid

Answer

• 1850 Fugitive Slave Act• 1857 Dred Scott

Decision• 1859 John Brown’s Raid

• These three events increased the split between abolitionists and slavery supporters. The fugitive Slave Act was part of the Compromise of 1850 that mandated the return of runaway slaves. The Dred Scott Decision declared that African Americans were not citizens of the U.S. and therefore could not sue. John Brow was an abolitionist who raided Harper’s Ferry, Virginia to seize weapons and arm slaves

29.

1. William Lloyd Garrison

2. Frederick Douglass3. Harriet Beecher

Stowe4. Susan B. Anthony5. Harriet Tubman

A. Wrote the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin which described the horrors of slavery

B. Organized the American Anti Slavery Society; published the newspaper “The Liberator”

C. Escaped to the north; wrote the “North Star”, a newspaper devoted to abolishing slavery in all its forms

D. Led slaves north on the Underground Railroad

E. Saw similarities between women’s rights and abolitionism; both slaves and women were offered no rights and no opportunities

Answer

1. B2. C3. A4. E5. D

30. The Underground Railroad reached its peak from 1830 to

1865. What was the Underground Railroad?

Answer

• The Underground Railroad was a network of aid and assistance to fugitives escaping from slavery. Many sympathetic Americans played a role in helping slaves escape to freedom in the North and in Canada

31.

• The Republican Party formed in the 1850s when the Whig party and the Democratic Party split on issues. Are the statements about the Republican Party true or false?

1. Supported an anti slavery platform

2. Was the party of Abraham Lincoln

3. Supported the Kansas Nebraska Act

4. Supported construction of transcontinental railroad

5. Opposed a high tariff on imports

6. Supported the Homestead Act7. Wanted to gain political control

in the North

Answer

1. True2. True3. False4. True5. False6. True7. True

32.

• List three parts of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

AnswerProvided for the creation

of two new territories: Kansas and Nebraska

Each territory would separately decide whether to allow slavery within its borders

Contradicted the provisions of the Missouri Compromise

• 33. The cartoon was created in 1861. What does it depict?

Answer

• The South’s separation from the North

• 34. What opinion does the cartoon express about the South’s secession?

Answer:

• The men are sitting on the very branch they are separating from the tree. If they are successful, they will fall to the ground, indicating that if the South secedes it too will collapse

35. Southern states began to secede from the Union in 1860. List some reasons for

secession.

Answer:

• Election of Abraham Lincoln• Federal laws that had negative effects on Southern

economy• Tariffs• Southern states favored a right to nullification• Issues over slavery

36. South Carolina was the fist state to secede, and six more states

followed soon after. Alabama was one of those states. One county in Alabama did not secede. What was

the name of the county? Which Southern state split on the issue of secession and what happened to

that state?

Answer

• Winston County, Alabama never seceded. The western counties of Virginia did not want to secede so Virginia split into two states, Virginia and West Virginia

37. The eleven states that seceded formed a new nation. What was the name of this nation and who

was the first president?

Answer:

• The name of the new nation was the Confederate States of America (CSA), and Jefferson Davis was the first president.

38. Matching

A. First Battle of Bull RunB. Battle of VicksburgC. Battle of GettysburgD. Sherman’s March to

the SeaE. Gettysburg AddressF. Appomattox Court

House

1. Union general captured Atlanta and continued to Savannah destroying everything in his path, 1864-1865

2. General Robert E. Lee surrendered here, 1865

3. Lincoln’s speech dedicating a cemetery, 1863

4. Battle that cut off parts of the South when the Union gained control of the Mississippi River, 1863

5. Major three-day battle in Pennsylvania lost by Confederacy, 1863

6. First major battle of the Civil War, 1861

Answer:

1. D2. F3. E4. B5. C6. A

39. Read the Following Quote• “The Homestead Act of 1862 has been called one of the most

important pieces of legislation in the history of the U.S. Signed into law in 1862 by Abraham Lincoln after the secession of southern states, this Act turned over vast amounts of the public domain to private citizens. 270 million acres were claimed and settled under this act. A homesteader had only to be the head of a household and at least 21 years of age to claim a 160-acre parcel of land. Settlers from all walks of life including newly arrived immigrants, farmers without land of their own, single women and former slaves came to meet the challenge of keeping this free land. Each homesteader had to live on the land, build a home, make improvements and farm for five years”

-National Park Service

39. Question

1. Who was eligible for land from this Act?2. What did a homesteader have to do to keep the free

land?3. Draw a conclusion. How would the Homestead Act

benefit the U.S.?

Answer:

1. Any person who was a t least 21 years of age and head of a household was eligible for the land.

2. For five years, a homesteader had to live on the land, build a house, farm, and make improvements in order to keep the land.

3. Congress passed this Act to help all settlers acquire land. This would help the nation by increasing food supply, employing people, and settling the land.

40. Which statements belong to Lincoln’s plan for the reconstruction of the south, and which belong to the Congressional

plan?

1. Granted amnesty to any Confederate who supports the Constitution

2. Pass the Wade-Davis Bill which required 50% of state’s male voters to take an oath that they never voluntarily supported Confederacy

3. State’s government must abolish slavery to be granted executive recognition

4. Military governors to rule Southern States

Answer:

• Lincoln’s plan: #1 and 3• Congressional plan: #2 and 4

41. What was Radical Reconstruction?

Answer:

• Radical Reconstruction included the Civil Rights Act of 1865, which defined citizenship and outlawed discrimination because of race. Newly freed slaves, Northern carpetbaggers, and Southern scalawags supported radical governments formed in Southern states

42. I was elected in 1876 because I promised to end Reconstruction.

Who am I?

Answer:

• Rutherford B. Hayes

43. Industrialization and urbanization began to be evident in Alabama during the late 1800’s. Look at the graph below and

answer the questions..

1850 1870 1890 19000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

urban population# of manufacturing estab-lishments

43. Question

1. Describe the trends in industrialization and urbanization from 1850-1900.

2. What factors might have contributed to the growth of manufacturing in Alabama?

Answer:

1. The number of urban residents tripled from 1850 to 1900. The number of manufacturing establishments grew rapidly.

2. Alabama had abundant steel, coal, iron, and natural gas deposits. The resources that were manufactured in Alabama were shipped via the railroad system.

44. What conditions led to the formation of the labor movement and the rise of

unionism during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer:

• Low wages, frequent layoffs, long working hours, unsafe working conditions

45. What would have been each group’s view of unions?

1. Factory owners2. Factory workers3. Reformers who

wanted to improve life

Answer:

1. Factory owners had taken a risk to start a business. They expected large profits. It was costly to improve working conditions and raise wages. Unions interfered with an owners right to run a business and make a profit

2. Factory workers saw unions as a way to improve safety at work and raise wages. Unions protected workers rights

3. Reformers tended to favor unions as a way to raise the standard of living for all

46.

1. In the late 1800s, who were leaders in the steel and oil industry?

2. To whom did Robber Barons refer?3. Explain Andrew Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth.4. What main theme did Horatio Alger use in his

novels to illustrate the power of industry during the late 1800s?

Answer:

1. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller2. The unscrupulous leaders in industry3. Wealthy should give money back to the community4. Rags to Riches

47. Explain Social Darwinism

Answer:

• Social Darwinists believed that government programs to help the poor were a mistake. The fit would survive, and others must perish

48. In the late 1800s, the nation’s farmers were helped by new inventions, but they also faced

economic challenges.

• List three new inventions farmers found helpful

• List three complaints the farmers had

Answer

• Steam powered threshers, cornhuskers, and harvesters, barbed wire

• Tariffs, deflation, and decline in crop prices

49. Some Alabama farmers could not afford to buy the land they farmed. These farmers became

tenant farmers or sharecroppers. Explain these terms.

Answer:

• A tenant farmer is a farmer who works land owned by someone else. Sharecroppers worked the land in return for a fraction of the crops. This system of farming developed in the Reconstruction era after the Civil War

50. Look at the timeline and answer the questions…

1. What conflicts did the U.S. army and settlers have with Native American tribes between 1870-1893?

2. How did settlers gain Native American land?3. What impact did the dwindling buffalo population have on

Native Americans?

DATE: TIMELINE OF EVENTS IN THE WEST:1874 Red River War in Northwestern Texas1876 Battle of Rosebud in Southern Montana; Battle of Little Bighorn in

Southern Montana

1877 Nez Perce War in Oregon, Idaho, and Montana1887 Dawes Act opens Crow tribal land to settlers in Montana1890 Wounded Knee Massacre in South Dakota1893 Settlers claim Cherokee land in Oklahoma; Fewer than 2,000 buffalo

remain

Answer:

1. The U.S. Army battled Native American tribes in the Red River War, Battle of Rosebud, Battle of Little Bighorn, Nez Perce War, and Wounded Knee

2. Settlers gained Native American land through the Dawes Act and claimed Cherokee land in Oklahoma.

3. Native American people used the buffalo for food, clothing, shelter, and weapons. Settlers eliminated many of the resources available to Native American people by over hunting the buffalo

51. Match the Amendment with the correct description

A. 16th

B. 17th

C. 18th

D. 19th

1. The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the United States is prohibited (Prohibition)

2. The right of citizens of the U.S. to vote shall not be denied by the U.S. or by any State on account of sex (Women's’ Suffrage)

3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each Sate, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote (Elections of Senators by popular vote)

4. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration (establish income tax)

Answer

1. C2. D3. B4. A

52.

1. Define suffrage, and then draw a conclusion about the map. What does it illustrate?

2. Which constitutional amendment most directly applies to the map? How would that amendment change the map’s appearance?

Answer:

1. Suffrage means the right to vote. The map illustrates women’s voting rights

2. The 19th Amendment gave all women suffrage in 1920. The entire map would be the lightest color, indicating “full suffrage.”

53. Explain the meaning of this quotation.

• “There will never be complete equality until women themselves help to make laws and elect lawmakers.” -Susan B. Anthony 1820-1906

Answer:

• Voting rights are a sign of equality. Voting rights also ensure that elected officials are responsive to women’s needs and concerns.

54. What event led to each group below gaining the right to vote?

1. African American Men2. Women

Answer:

1. After the Civil War, the Constitution was amended to give citizenship to all former slaves and the right to vote to the men

2. Suffragists demonstrated and lobbied for decades before the Constitution was amended in 1920

55. Populism and Progressivism were major reform movements in the late 19th and early 20th

centuries. Compare the view of each on the following social problems:

Social Problem Populism Progressivism

Urban Reforms

Conservation

Business Regulation and anti-trust legislation

Education

Child Labor

Social Problem Populism Progressivism

Urban Reforms Interested in rural life; no urban reform program

Sought better police protection; improved utilities and sanitation; battled corruption in city hall

Conservation Interested as it pertained to agriculture

Sought preservation of natural resources and wilderness areas

Business Regulation and Anti-Trust Legislation

Sought greater regulation of big business; supported tariff reduction, income tax over property tax, and government ownership of infrastructure

Sought greater regulation of big business and opposed tariff reform

Education Supported free public education funded by tax dollars

Supported free public education funded by tax dollars; promoted Dewey’s approach to education

Child Labor Sought to limit hours and age

Sought to limit hours and age

From The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair (1906) “Marija was shut up in one of the rooms

where the people seldom saw the daylight; beneath her were the chilling rooms, where the meat was frozen, and above her were the cooking rooms; and so she stood on an ice-cold floor, while her head was often so hot that she could scarcely breathe. Trimming beef off the bones by the hundred-weight , while standing up from early morning till late at night, with heavy boots on and the floor always damp and full of puddles…she worked till she trembled in every nerve and lost her grip on her slimy knife, and gave herself a poisoned wound…”

• 56.

• 1. Name three unsafe or unhealthy working conditions that Marija faced.2. Why did some employers resist efforts by unions to organize workers and improve working conditions?

Answer:

1. Insufficient light, temperature extremes, long hours, slick floor, unsafe tools for the job

2. It costs money to improve working conditions. Some business owners were concerned that they would not make a profit if they had to spend money to make factories safer

57. Matching1. Led by W.E.B. Du Bois 2. Believed that vocational

education was more valuable to African Americans than social advantages or political office

3. Called for full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans

4. Forerunner of NAACP5. Supported by Booker T.

Washington6. 1905-19107. 1895

A. Atlanta CompromiseB. Niagara Movement

Answer:

1. B2. A3. B4. B5. A6. B7. A

• “In detail our demands are clear and unequivocal. First, we would vote…Second, We want discrimination in public accommodation to cease…Third, We claim the right of freemen to walk, talk, and be with them that wish to be with us…Fourth, We want the laws enforced against rich as well as poor; against Capitalist as well as Laborer; against white as well as black.”

• 58. In 1906, W.E.B. DuBois delivered the Niagara Movement Speech. What issues did he want the nation to address?

Answer:

• African American right to vote should be exercised; no more discrimination against African Americans; African Americans allowed to interact with all humankind; laws enforced fairly and equitably

59.

• Woodrow Wilson won the Presidential election in 1912. With his election, the government became more involved in regulating business. Discuss the following programs implemented by Wilson and Congress:

1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914

2. Federal Reserve System 1913

3. Federal Trade Commission 1914

Answer:

1. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act was implemented to break up monopolies. It also made unions legal.

2. Congress changed the banking industry by establishing the Federal Reserve System. This provided the nation with a safer, more flexible money supply and controlled money in circulation.

3. The Federal Trade Commission required fair competition among businesses. This commission also monitored business

60.

• Why did Woodrow Wilson favor legalizing unions?

Answer:

• Wilson believed that there were unfair labor practices occurring in industry. In 1916, he proposed laws that prohibited child labor and limited railroad workers to an eight-hour day

61. The Spanish American War 1898 was a struggle for Cuba’s

independence from Spain. Why would the United States be

interested in Cuba’s independence?

Answer:

• Americans sympathized with the Cuban population because of human rights issues. American business interests, and American military interests.

62. Because of U.S. involvement with Spain regarding Cuba in the

late 1800s, over what other territories did the U.S. gain

control?

Answer:

• Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines ($20 million purchase)

63. What does the term yellow journalism mean? How did it play

a major role in the Spanish American War?

Answer:

• Two newspaper publishers (Hearst and Pulitzer) saw the conflict with Spain as a way to sell more newspapers. They played upon American patriotism by printing anti-Spanish stories. An example of this was their reports of Spanish brutality against Cubans, but no reports of Cuban brutality against the Spanish

64. List and explain the four major causes of WWI.

Answer

• Nationalism- Pride and devotion in one’s nation created competition and hatred among nations

• Imperialism- A strong country dominating a weaker region for its own gain- Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy competed for colonies in Asia and Africa

• Militarism- The buildup of military forces to protect colonies and prepare for war

• Alliance System- In order to protect themselves European nations formed alliances. The Triple Alliance was made up of Austria Hungary, Germany and Italy. The Triple Entente included Great Britain, France and Russian

65. WWI changed the conditions in Europe and the world. What are

two important changes cause by World War I?

Answer:

• Creation of the League of Nations• Creation of independent nations in Europe and the

Middle East (Poland and Iraq)• Created conditions that led to WWII• Created conditions that led to rise of Adolph Hitler

66. List the technologies and methods that changed the way

WWI was fought.

Answer:

• Poison Gas• Trench Warfare• Machine Guns• Airplanes• Submarines• Tanks

67. Explain how the development of the machine gun changed the

tactics used during WWI and led to the development of other

weapons.

Answer:

• The machine gun forced both sides into the trenches and led to the development of the armored tank as a countermeasure to the machine gun

68. The U.S. entered WWI in 1917. What were the precipitating

incidents that led the U.S. to abandon isolationism?

Answer:

• Sinking of the Lusitania• Unrestricted Submarine

Warfare• Zimmermann Telegram

69. What document formally ended WWI?

Answer:

• The Treaty of Versailles

70. What were some of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer

• The League of Nations was formed• Germany had to make large reparations for war• Germany had to announce guilt in causing the war• Limits were placed on Germany’s army and on

Germany’s naval vessels• Provisions for trial of former Kaiser• Alsace Lorraine was restored to France

71. What was the primary goal of the League of Nations? Did the U.S. join?

Answer:

• The League of Nations would unite the nations of the world to ensure peace and security for all members. No, the U.S. did not join. Many Americans wanted to remain isolated from problems in Europe

72. American culture changed after WWI. Two changes were the Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age

• What was the Harlem Renaissance?

Answer

• After WWI, African Americans had more opportunities to express their heritage through literature, art, and music. This period became known as the Harlem Renaissance. It began when groups of African Americans gathered in Harlem during the 1920s to discuss social and cultural aspects of African American Life

73. Name two authors who contributed to the literature of the Harlem Renaissance

Answer:

• Zora Neale Hurston• Countee Cullen• Langston Hughes

74. How did African American migration to the North contribute to the Harlem Renaissance

Answer:

• Unemployment and racism in the South resulted in African American migration to the North. This allowed more African Americans to contribute to the movement

75. What was the Jazz Age? How was it related to blues?

Answer:

• Jazz music has roots in African American culture and experienced a surge of popularity in the 1920s. The Jazz Age followed the increased popularity of blues music earlier in the 20th century. Both types of music influenced one another. W.C. Handy, an Alabama native, was known as “the father of Blues.”

76. What was the Red Scare

Answer:

• A nationwide fear of communists, socialists, and anarchists spread throughout America after the end of WWI

77. What was the Ku Klux Klan

Answer:

• This group exemplifies hatred and intolerance. The KKK led many riots and lynchings in the U.S. against minorities

78. Who were Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer:

• Two men robbed an murdered two businessmen as they were transferring money. Italian immigrants and known anarchists, Sacco and Vanzetti, were accused and arrested for the crime, despite the little evidence against them. On circumstantial evidence, Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted of murder and sentenced to death

79. Explain Immigration laws of 1920

Answer:

• During the 1920s, large numbers of immigrants came to the U.S. from eastern and southern Europe. The U.S. government limited the number of immigrants allowed into the country because Americans were fearful that these immigrants would take jobs away from citizens. Asian immigration was completely banned

80. The Great Depression occurred after the stock market crash of

1929. What were some reasons for the stock market crash?

Answer:

• Wages and consumer spending increased in the 1920s

• Stock prices rose• Many investors invested life savings during 1929• In October 1929, buying craze dwindled followed by

wilder selling craze• Many banks speculated in stock market• Stock prices dropped as investors tried to sell

81. Franklin Delano Roosevelt focused on the nation’s recovery from the Great Depression. In

1933, he implemented his New Deal. Explain what each program did for the nation.

• Agricultural Adjustment Act• Civilian Conservation Corps• Tennessee Valley Authority• National Industrial Recovery Act

Answer:

• AAA-paid subsidies to farmers not to plant certain crops to help the price of crops increase

• CCC- created many jobs for the unemployed through public works projects

• TVA- built dams and power plants to supply electrical power to seven states

• NIRA- simulated production and competition by regulating prices of manufactured goods

82. Using this information read the descriptions in the chart and decide which President favored each solution for the Great

Depression

• President Hoover believed that the way to end the Great Depression was through the actions of business, private consumers, local government, and the aid of charities

• Roosevelt favored an active role on the part of the federal government

Solution President

A. Urging churches to provide food for residentsB. Hiring workers with federal tax dollars for public projects, such as street repairC. Encouraging local government to spend money on public projectsD. Enacting laws on the national level to reform the economy

Answer:

• A. Hoover• B. FDR• C. Hoover• D. FDR

83. The Great Depression affected all sates in America. Alabamians suffered tremendous hardships during this time and the years leading up to the Depression.

Describe the Alabama industrial and farming situations during the 1920s

and 1930s.

Answer:

• Alabama attracted business and industry during the 1920s because there was an abundance of cheap labor in the state. The industrial economy started declining in Alabama around 1926. Agriculture in Alabama had been depressed during the 1920s because of insects and falling cotton prices; therefore, many farms were lost to foreclosure. Sharecropping and tenant farming in Alabama collapsed during the Depression

84. The majority of Alabamians supported the New Deal and

Franklin Roosevelt. What programs from the New Deal most

helped Alabama?

Answer:

• The Civil Works Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps employed thousands of people from Alabama. The Tennessee Valley Authority helped to supply electricity to the northern part of Alabama

85. What led the nations of the world to fight another war so soon

after WWI?

Answer:• Economic Depression- Germany was unable to pay its war

reparations, the Allies were unable to repay their war debts, and the US withdrew foreign investments. These conditions set the stage for the rise of dictators

• Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism- The same factors that led to WWI also played an important role in causing WWII

• Axis Expansion- Italy, Germany, and Japan made up the Axis Powers and sought to expand their territory through coercion and conquest

• Appeasement- As Germany, Italy, and Japan moved to take more land and territory, Britain and the other Allied nations gave into their demands to preserve the peace

86. How did these German problems from WWI help propel the world into WWII?

• German Guilt• War Reparations• Disarming Germany• German Colonies Seized

Answer:

• Guilt- Germany was forced to accept blame for WWI• Repartitions- Germany was forced to pay huge

reparations to the Allies• Disarmed- Germany was completely disarmed• Colonies seized- German colonies were placed under

the control of Allied Nations

87. Match the WWII leader with his country or position

1. Franklin D. Roosevelt2. Joseph Stalin3. Adolph Hitler4. Winston Churchill5. Benito Mussolini6. Dwight Eisenhower7. Douglas MacArthur

A. Great BritainB. USSRC. ItalyD. Commander of General

Forces in EuropeE. United StatesF. U.S. military leader in

the PacificG. Germany

Answer

1. E2. B3. G4. A5. C6. D 7. F

89. What countries were the Allies in WWII?

Answer:

• United States• Great Britain• USSR• France

90. What countries were the Axis in WWII?

Answer:

• Germany• Japan• Italy

91. Which of the following best completes this list?

• On the Home Front during WWII…

-Rosie the Riveter-Victory Gardens-Gas Rationing-????

• Is it…A. ProhibitionB. War BondsC. Widespread ProtestsD. Yellow Journalism

Answer

• B- War Bonds

92. What were Japanese Relocation Centers? Why were they created?

Answer:

• In 1942 President Roosevelt signed an executive order that sent over 120,000 Americans of Japanese heritage to camps in the American West. Each camp was surrounded by barbed wire and armed guards. The camps were established because people of Japanese ancestry were perceived as potential threats to the American war effort after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor

93. Match each event to its place and date.

1. Use of atomic bomb ended WWII

2. Attack brought U.S. into WWII

3. Attack started WWII in Europe

A. Poland, 1939B. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,

1941C. Hiroshima and

Nagasaki, 1945

Answer:

1. C2. B3. A

94. Hitler attempted to exterminate Jews and other groups

he deemed inferior. Define Holocaust. How many people were

murdered in the Holocaust?

Answer:

• The term Holocaust refers to the systematic annihilation of Jews and other groups by Nazi Germany from 1933-1945. An estimated six million Jews were killed. Hundreds of thousands of others were also murdered