We are helminths. Our body is covered with tough

cuticle and also it is unsegmented.We are long, cylindrical in shape.We have a body cavity which has

digestive and genital system but our nervous and excretory systems are

dull.We have girlfriend (or boyfriend) and

we stay together.

Who are we?????????

NEMATODES •

by Surjeet Acharya

VMC

Classification

SYSTEMIC CLASSIFICATION

HABITAT OF ADULT WORM

SYSTEMIC CLASSIFICATIONSUBCLASS ORDER SUPERFAMILY GENUS SPECIESAphasmidia Enoplida Trichinelloidea Trichinella

TrichurisCapillaria

T.spiralisT.trichiuriaC.philippiensisC.hepaticaC.aerophilia

Phasmidia Rhabditida

OxyuridaAscaridia

Spirurida

RhabditoideaStrongyloidea

TrichostrongyliodeaMetastrongyloidea

OxyuroideaAscaridoidea

Spirudoidea

StrongyloidesAncyclostomaNecatorOesophaostomumTernidensTrichostrongylusParastrongylus

EnterobiusAscarisToxocaraGnathostomaAnisakis

S.stercoralisA.duodenaleN.americanusO.apiostomumT.deminutusT.colubriformisP.cantonensisP.costaricensisE.vermicularisA.lumbricoideT.canis & catiiG.spinigerumA.Simplex

HABITAT

INTESTINAL SOMATICSMALL INTESTINE LYMPHATIC MESENTRY

A.lumbricoides W.bancrofti M.perstansA.duodenale B.malayi M.ozarrdi

N.americanus SUBCUTANEOUSCONJUCTIVAS.stercoralis Loa loa Loa loaT.spiralis O.volvulusC.philippinensis D.medinensis

CAECUM AND APPENDIXLUNGSE.vermicularis S.stercoralisT.trichuria

Ancyclostoma duodenaleNecator americanus

HOOKWORM

MANAGEMENT

Albendazole 400mg single doseMebendazole 100mg twice daily x 3 days

Oral iron supplementsBlood transfusion (rare)

MANAGEMENT

Ivermectin 200micro/kg x 2 daysIvermectin 200micro/kg x 5-7 daysAlbendazole 15mg/kg twice daily x 3 days

Ascaris lumbricoides

MANAGEMENT

Albendazole 400mgPyrantel pamoate 11mg/kg (max. 1 g)Ivermectin 200micro/kgMebendazole 100mg twice daily x 3 days

Nasogastric suction, piperazine, I.V fluidsAdvice!

Enterobius vermicularis

THREAD/PIN/SEAT WORM

CLINICAL FEATURES

ITCHING IN PERIANAL AREA (esp. at NIGHT)

MANAGEMENT

Mebendazole 100mgAlbendazole 400mg repeatedPiperazine 1g 2 weeksPyratel pamoate 11mg/kg

Personal hygiene!!

MANAGEMENT

Albendazole 400mg x 3 days (5-7days)Mebendazole 100mg twice daily x 3 days (same)

INTESTINAL NEMATODES

Larvae in stoolS.stercoralis

Eggs in stoolEggs in perianal

skin

ColourlessE.vermicularis

ColourlessHookworms

E.vermicularis

ColouredA.lumbricoides

T.trichuria

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

By non-human hookworms (A.caninum, A.braziliense, Uncinaria stenocephalia, Bunostomum phlebotomum)

Cannot penetrate beyond S.germinatum!!!

Wander in tortous tiunnel between S.corneum and S.germinatum.

THANK

YOU