Post on 21-Mar-2017
COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES OF VARIOUS TYPE OF MATERIALS
ON RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED
TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
Faculty of Electronic and Computer EngineeringFINAL YEAR PROJECT
Physical properties for different materials
Materials/Properties
Copper Aluminium
Silver Gold Graphene
Conductivity (S/m)
5.96 X 107 3.8 X 107 6.29 X 107 4.10 X 107
108
Melting Point (K)
1356 933.47 1234.93 1337.33 3800
Density (g/cm3) 10.30 2.70 10.49 19.30 2.1-2.2
Thermal conductivity
( W/ m-K)
401 237 429 318 5000
GRAPHENE
STRONG and THINNEST material [6]
TWO-DIMESIONAL and CONDUCTIVE [4][5]
STRETCHABLE and IMPERMEABLE [6]
Graphene is form of carbon.Graphene is a single atomic layer
of graphite [6]
Graphene is a two-dimensional flat monolayer of carbon atoms
arranged in honeycomb lattice [4][5]
Graphene also contains elastic properties, being able to retain its
initial size after strain [6]
Discovered and attracted tremendous interest because of its excellent mechanical, thermal and
electrical properties [4]
Graphene
Objectives
To develop the rectangular stacked patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot in CST STUDIO SUITE Software.
To study the performance of parameter such as bandwidth, gain and directivity for a material between copper, aluminium, silver, gold and graphene as a patch material.
To compare the effect of parameter mention above between rectangular patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with and without stacked patch.
Frequency, fo 3.5GHz
Return Loss ≤ -10dB
Gain > 2.5dB
Substrate FR4
Dielectric constant, 4.3
Substrate height 1.6mm
Dielectric loss tangent 0.019
Material thickness 0.035mm
Design Specification
YES
NO
Literature review:
• Microstrip patch antenna; Rectangular patch antenna
• Characteristics of copper, aluminium, silver, gold and
graphene
• Calculation that related in designing process
START
Design specification; the resonant frequency, types of materials and
design characteristics
Designing rectangular patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with and without stacked patch in CST STUDIO
SUITE Software
Finalize the layout design
Simulation result OK?
END
Writing thesis
Collecting and analysing the result
Tabulated the data and compare
Discussion
Flow Chart Methodology
Antenna Design
RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
Substrate
material
Patch material
GLASS
FirstDesig
nSecon
dDesig
n
Antenna parameters for optimized antenna
Calculation of width and length for the
patch1. W=
2. L= - 2
3. = + []
4. = 0.412h
Result and Discussion
FirstDesig
n RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE
TRIANGLE SLOT
Copper = 3.0946 GHz
Aluminium = 3.1987 GHz
Silver = 3.5868 GHz
Graphene = 3.6719 GHz
BandwidthFirstDesig
n
Gold = 3.5111 GHz
Graphene is the highest and followed with silver, gold, aluminium and copper.
Copper = 2.953dB
Aluminium = 2.953dB
Silver = 2.953dB
Gold = 2.791dB
Graphene = 2.954dB
FirstDesig
nGain
FirstDesig
nCopper = 3.15dBi
Aluminium = 3.155dBi
Silver = 3.155dBi
Gold= 3.155dBi
Graphene = 3.279dBi
Directivity
RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED
TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
FirstDesign
Materials Bandwidth (GHz)
Gain (dB) Directivity (dBi)
Copper 3.0946 2.953 3.155Aluminium 3.1987 2.953 3.155Silver 3.5868 2.953 3.155Gold 3.5111 2.791 3.155Graphene 3.6719 2.954 3.279
Graphene gives the best performance in terms of bandwidth, gain and directivity.
SecondDesign RECTANGULAR WITH STACK PATCH
ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
Bandwidth
Copper = 3.4826 GHz
Aluminium = 3.6057 GHz
Silver = 3.7184 GHz
Gold = 3.7950 GHz
Graphene = 3.9028 GHz
Second
Design
Second
Design
Gain
Copper = 3.164dB
Aluminium = 3.231dB
Silver = 3.165dB
Gold = 3.279dB
Graphene = 3.321dB
Second
Design
Directivity
Copper = 3.691dB
Aluminium = 3.754dB
Silver = 3.691dB
Gold = 3.792dB
Graphene = 3.824dB
RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
Second
DesignMaterials Bandwidth
(GHz)Gain (dB) Directivity (dBi)
Copper 3.4826 3.164 3.691
Aluminium 3.6057 3.231 3.754
Silver 3.7184 3.165 3.691
Gold 3.7950 3.278 3.792
Graphene 3.9028 3.321 3.824
Addition of a stacked patch antenna has improve a higher gain and directivity.
Graphene gives the best performance in terms of bandwidth, gain and directivity.
Potential Value
Suitable for WiMAX application(From the simulated results, a wide impedance bandwidth for a practical WiMAX operations based on IEEE 802.16 standard, this design is suitable for it)
Graphene – Nanotechnology(Researches nowadays finding a wide variety of ways to make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as high speed and lighter weight)
Conclusion
The novel rectangular stacked patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot configuration is presented with the simulation results.
The performance of parameter for example bandwidth, gain and directivity for a material between copper, aluminium, silver, gold and graphene as a patch material on the antenna design have been studied in this project.
In terms of antenna performances such as bandwidth, gain and directivity graphene is the best material among copper, aluminium, silver and gold.
The rectangular patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with stacked is better than without stacked based on the result from the improvement of parameter.
[1] H. Nornikman, F. Malek, N. Saudin, M. M. Shukor, N. a. Zainuddin, M. Z. a. A. Aziz, B. H. Ahmad, and M. a. Othman, “Design of rectangular stacked patch antenna with four L-shaped slots and CPW-fed for WiMAX application,” 2013 3rd Int. Conf. Instrumentation, Commun. Inf. Technol. Biomed. Eng., pp. 39–43, Nov. 2013.
[2] J. Gautam and N. Jayanthi, “Design of stacked miniaturized slotted antenna with enhanced bandwidth for WiMAX application,” 2014 Int. Conf. Signal Process. Integr. Networks, pp. 663–666, Feb. 2014.
[3] S. Chaimool and P. Akkaraekthalin, “CPW-Fed Antennas for WiFi and WiMAX,” Adv. Transm. Tech. WiMAX, Dr. Roberto Hincapie (Ed.), ISBN 978-953-307-965-3, InTech, 2012.
[4]Min Liang, M. T. (n.d.). IEE EXPLORE. Graphene Conductivity Characteristics At Microwave and THz Frequency, 489-491.
[5] ARYA FALLAHI, J. P. (2013). ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE METASURFACES AND APPLICATION. 492-495.
[6]Fuente,J. D. (2013). Properties of Graphene. Retrieved 11 12, 2014, from Graphenea: http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-properties#.VGv--jSUe6M
[7] B. Alfano, T. P. (2015). Tailoring the selectivity of chemical sensors based on graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles. IEEE, 1-4.
[8] H. F. AbuTarboush, H. S.-R. (2009). Bandwidth Enhancement for Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Stacked Patch and Slot. Wireless Networks &
Communications Centre (WNCC), School of Engineering & Design Brunel University, West London U.K., 42-44.
[9] John Coonrod, B. R. (JULY 2012). Comparing Microstrip and CPW Performances. MICROWAVE JOURNAL, 74-82.
References