Post on 26-Mar-2015
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Management of Change
• Title: Change Management• Introduction
• Resistance to change
• Planning Change
• Managing Change Through IT
• Inevitability of Change
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Introduction
• “The essence of managing change is to achieve beneficial outcomes for the
organisation arising from the external and internal forces” (Stewart, 1996),
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Classic Reasons People Resist Change
• Loss of face• Loss of control• Excess uncertainty• Surprise• The “Difference”
Effect• “Can I Do it?”
• Ripple Effect• More Work• Past Resentments• Real threats• Competing
commitments
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“It should be borne in mind that there is nothing more dangerous to carry through than initiating changes. The innovator makes enemies of all
those who prospered under the old order, and only lukewarm support is forthcoming from those who prosper under the new. Their support is
lukewarm partly from fear of their adversaries, who have the existing laws on their side, and partly because men are generally incredulous, mever really trusting new things unless they have tested them by experience.
In consequence, whenever those who oppose the changes can do so, they attack vigorously, and the defense made by the others is ineffective.
So both the innovator and his friends are endangered together”.
A. Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513.
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8 Elements in the Planning of Change
SharedVision
Guidance,Structure & Process
CommunicationsEducation &
Training PolicyAnd
SystemsReview
LocalParticipation &
innovations
Standards,Measures &
feedback
Symbols, signals
&rewards
Backers &Supporters
Change
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Managing Change through IT(Lewin-Schein )
Unfreezing Change Refreezing
Motivation for change Well-defined Objectives
Institutional change
Impediments Communication Overcome lingering resistance to change
Plan
Stakeholder Management
Plan for resistance to change
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Unfreezing
• Motivators– Pain – Real job benefits – Charismatic leader
• IT as Changer and Changee• Positive and negative response to the idea of
change
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Organisational Change Process
Create a ClearTomorrow
ReinforceThe new
behaviour
Build a Sense of Urgency
Develop aMigration
Plan
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Four keys to Implementing Change
• Leadership plus Facilitation
• Get the right people involved
• Team building
• Secure resources
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8 Characteristics of High Performing Teams
• A clear elevating goal• Results-driven structure• Competent team members• Unified commitment• Collaborative climate• Standards of excellence• External support and recognition• Principled leadership• As Team Leader, I will
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Refreezing
• Institutionalise the new processes and systems so they become norm
• Examples of Non-cooperation– People update the “official “ database and yes still
maintain their own Excel spreadsheets– Individuals’ power, status or income is threatened– The Information system is inadequate– Social intertia
• Managers do not want to change
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Overcoming Resistance to Change
• Resistance is natural and inevitable• Resistance is often subtle and hidden• Change manager must find the resistance• Understand the motivation for resistance
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Overcoming Resistance to Change contin…
• Listen to what people are and are not saying
• Communicate so people will feel knowledgeable
• Address concerns• Apply 80/20 rule
– Put effort into preparing for the change rather than the change itself
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Change – an inevitable part of life and work
• The lessons from who moved my cheese endure
– Change happens• They keep moving the cheese
– Anticipate change• Get ready for the cheese to move
– Monitor change• Smell the cheese often so you know when it is getting old