Post on 14-Apr-2017
Rozi Khan
INTERLANGUAGE
• LARRY SELINKER IS PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF LINGUISTICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND FORMER DIRECTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY'S ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTITUTE.
• IN 1972, SELINKER INTRODUCED THE CONCEPT OF INTERLANGUAGE, WHICH BUILT UPON PIT CORDER'S PREVIOUS WORK ON THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE LEARNERS' ERRORS.
• CORDER'S AND SELINKER'S WORK BECAME THE FOUNDATION OF MODERN RESEARCH INTO SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION , AND INTERLANGUAGE IS ACCEPTED AS A BASIC PRINCIPLE OF THE DISCIPLINE.
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Rozi Khan
DEFINING INTERLANGUAGE INTERLANGUAGE IS THE TERM FOR
A DYNAMIC, RULE-BASED LINGUISTIC SYSTEM THAT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY A LEARNER OF A SECOND LANGUAGE (L2) WHO HAS NOT YET REACHED PROFICIENCY. A LEARNER'S INTERLANGUAGE PRESERVES SOME FEATURES OF THEIR FIRST LANGUAGE (L1), AND CAN ALSO OVERGENERALIZE SOME L2 WRITING AND SPEAKING RULES.
INTERLANGUAGE IS A LANGUAGE CREATED BY LEARNERS OF A SECOND LANGUAGE WHICH IS BETWEEN THE TARGET LANGUAGE AND THE LEARNER'S FIRST LANGUAGE (L1). IT’S A TRANSITORY STAGE TOWARDS FINAL PROFICIENCY OF THE SECOND LANGUAGE. 11/22/2014
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DEFINING INTERLANGUAGE (CONTINUED)
• INTERLANGUAGE CAN BE VARIABLE ACROSS DIFFERENT CONTEXTS; FOR EXAMPLE, IT MAY BE MORE ACCURATE, COMPLEX AND FLUENT IN ONE DOMAIN THAN IN ANOTHER.
• TO STUDY THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED, ONE CAN COMPARE THE INTERLANGUAGE UTTERANCES OF THE LEARNER WITH THE FOLLOWING:
1.UTTERANCES IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE (L1) TO CONVEY THE SAME MESSAGE PRODUCED BY THE LEARNER.
2.UTTERANCES IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE (L2) TO CONVEY THE SAME MESSAGE, PRODUCED BY A NATIVE SPEAKER OF THAT LANGUAGE.
• UTTERANCES COMPLETELY NEW THAT POSSESS FEATURES OF NEITHER THE L1 NOR THE L2.
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INTERLANGUAGE RULES
• INTERLANGUAGE DOES NOT ABIDE ANY STABLE RULES, BUT IT EVOLVES AND MODIFIES ALL THE TIME, THEREFORE…
O RULES ARE ALTEREDO RULES ARE DELETEDO RULES ARE ADDED
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THE CONTINUUM OF INTERLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENT
BASILANGTHE EARLIEST FORM OF
TARGET LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
MESOLANGTHE INTERMEDIATE STAGE OF TARGET
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
ACROLANGTHE FINAL STAGE OF TARGET LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
FROM NATIVE LANGUAGE FORMS TO TARGET LANGUAGE FORMS INCLUDES THREE STAGES
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INTERLANGUAGE DEVELOPMENTCONTINUUM
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Process of Inter-language
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FOSSILIZATION PROCESS
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INTERLANGUAGE FOSSILIZATION
DEFINITION PHENOMENON PHENOMENON“FOSSILIZABLE LINGUISTIC
PHENOMENA ARE LINGUISTIC ITEMS, RULES, AND
SUBSYSTEMS WHICH SPEAKERS OF A PARTICULAR NATIVE
LANGUAGE WILL TEND TO KEEP IN THEIR INTERLANGUAGE
RELATIVE TO A PARTICULAR TARGET LANGUAGE, NO
MATTER WHAT THE AGE OF THE LEARNER OR AMOUNT OF
EXPLANATION OR INSTRUCTION HE RECEIVES IN THE TARGET
LANGUAGE”
INTERLANGUAGE FOSSILIZATION IS A
STAGE
DURING SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING.
IT OCCURS WHEN CERTAIN MISTAKES
SEEM TO BE IMPOSSIBLE TO CORRECT IN SPITE OF
THE
ABILITY AND MOTIVATION, LEARNERS
CANNOT
RECTIFY AND REPLACE IT WITH CORRECT USAGE
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WHY DOES FOSSILIZATION HAPPENS
Frequent Use
Reinforcement of Communication
Process
Lack of Correction11/22/2014
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SELINKER’S FIVE FOSSILIZATION PROCESS STEPS
O OVER-GENERALIZATION O TRANSFER OF TRAINING O LANGUAGE TRANSFER O STRATEGIES OF SLL O STRATEGIES OF SL COMMUNICATION
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1) OVER-GENERALIZATION
LEARNER MAKES THEIR OWN RULES OF LANGUAGETHE ACT OR PROCESS OF OVER-GENERALIZINGTHE PROCESS OF EXTENDING THE APPLICATION OF A
RULELEARNERS USE RULES FROM SECOND LANGUAGE EXAMPLE: I WALKED TO PRODUCE FORMS LIKE */ GOED OR */
RIDED. 11/22/2014
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2) Trans
~ The lack o~ Fossilization~ Result
of i performan~
Fossilizatio the instruct the SL
fer of Training
f formal instruction in Englishn of incorrect language forms
nitial learning process on the ce of the later activitiesn due to certain features found
inion via which the learner is taught
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3) Lang
The errors i L1 and the d the reason
uage Transfer
n theuse of L2 result mainly fromifference between L1and the L2 is
for the occurrence of errors
Positive Transfe
r
Negative
Transfer 11/22/2014
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Fossilization due to some approaches to the learning of L2 material adopted by the learner
It involves Incorrect Learning strategiesfossilization of some features (phonological,morphological, syntactic, lexical,psycholinguistics, or sociocultural)
4) Strategies of SLL
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5) STRATEGIES OF SL COMMUNICATION CONCERN WHEN THE COMMUNICATION IS GOING ON PAYS ATTENTION TO THE FLUENCY RATHER THAN
ACCURACY IN THE COMMUNICATION LEARNER TRIES TO SIMPLIFIES THE TL RULES FOSSILIZATION DUE TO SOME APPROACHES USED THE
LEARNER WHEN COMMUNICATING WITH L2 NATIVE SPEAKERS
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INTER-L PRODUC
ANGUAGETION
II 11/22/2014
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Inter-language is the production ofSL and FL learners
In language learning learner's language is caused by several process like
,
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Characteristics of Inter-languageProduction
SL speakers rarely conform the production ofnative speaker Inter-language productions are not exacttranslation of native language utterances Utterances in second language are notrandomly produce Inter-languages are spoken either by adults orby children, when second language acquisitionis not simultaneous with that of the firstlanguage.
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GOOD POINTS & BAD POINTS
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Good Points Natural and systematic Theory of language
like L 1 acquisition Learner becomes active participant to
construct the rules by himself This study can help to determine what a
learner already knows about the rules The concept of IL has liberated languageteaching methods
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It determines what a leaner has taught andwhen and how in a particular SL teachingprogramme.
Good Points
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Bad Points Limited explanatory power EA improves errors in IL but too much correction can lead to lack of motivation The learner needs to be restricted to
important errors only This theory cant determine the exact
position of the learner in between L 1 or L2 Will be interpreted
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CONCLUSION
THE THEORY OF IL WAS THE FIRST MAJOR ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF SLL, IN TERM OF MENTALIST PERSPECTIVES. IT HAS BEEN GRADUALLY DEVELOPED BY THE HANDS OF NUMEROUS RESEARCHES AT THIS TIME IT BECOMES MUCH REFINED THEORY AND ALSO CONTRIBUTED A LOT IN DEVELOPING MANY OTHER THEORIES OF SLA
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ANY CONFUSION ANY QUESTION
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