Skill 304Dr.Mohammad Merai

Lecture \ 1

Learning objectivesTo know what is the lab department and it is

roles.List the lab sections and their function.Identify some of lab equipments and their

uses.To understand the meaning of ( safety rules ).General Safety Procedure.Rules of Obtaining the Specimen.

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department Definition : laboratory medicine : is the branch of

medicine which provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with information to :

1- detect disease or predisposition to disease .2- confirm or reject a diagnosis .3- establish prognosis .4- guide patient management .5- monitor efficacy therapy .

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department Blood Bank ( transfusion medicine ) : is a multidisciplinary specialty encompassing

all aspects of blood donation , blood component preparation , blood cell serology ( antibody screening ) , and blood transfusion therapy .

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department Sections/branches : they are different among

hospitals 1- blood bank : offering cross match, antibody

detection, donor screening , providing blood & blood component

2- clinical biochemistry : offering a wide range of chemistry parameters .

3- endocrinology : offering hormones test .4- histopathology & cytopathology : giving the

service of cytology & biopsy report for all the tissue .

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department 5- hematology : offering routine CBC ,

coagulation profile and bone marrow aspirate exam .

6- microbiology : offering the gram’s stain , culture & sensitivity . In some hospitals it is offering Z.N stain .

7- parasitology : routine exam of stool & urine including pregnancy test .

8- serology & virology : screening of hepatitis , HIV, and other serology test .

9- receiving section : receives the samples from all wards

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department Lab equipments :1- Autoclave :is an instrument used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department 2- Incubator : is a device used to growand maintain of coursemicrobiological culture or cell culture. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the  (CO2) and O2 content of the atmosphere inside.

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department 3- CentrifugeThe centrifuge works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration causes more dense substances to separate out along the bottom of the tube & lighter objects will tend to move to the top of the tube .

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department 4- Biosafety cabinetis an enclosed, ventilatedLaboratory  workspace for safely working with materials contaminated withpathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department 5- Pipette (micro pipette) is a laboratory tool used to transport a

measured volume of liquid.

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department 6- Petri dishis a shallow glass or plastic cylindrical lidded dish .• Agar plate : is a Petri dish  partially filled with growth mediumUsually warm liquid containing agar and a mixture of specific ingredients . After the agar cools and solidifies, the dish is ready to receive a microbe-laden sample in a process known as inculcation or "plating".

Introduction to laboratory department & blood bank department 7- water bath 8- plastic

pipette

9- mixer 10- microscope 11- Cuvette

Safety rulesDEFINITION: Safety is the condition of being protected

against physical, occupational, or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accident, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable.

Safety rulesGeneral Safety Procedure1- All department employees report defective

equipment, unsafe conditions, acts or safety hazards to supervisor.

2- Keep electrical cords clear of passageways.3- All equipment and supplies must be properly

stored. Heavy items not stored on top shelves.4- Scissors, knives, pins, razor blades and other

sharp instruments safely stored and used.

Safety rules5- All electric machines with heat producing

elements turned off when not in use.6- Minor spills, i.e., water, cleaned by the employee

who discovers the spill. Major spills cleaned by Environmental Services Department.

Safety rules7- Obey warning signs.

Safety rules8- Wear suitable clothing 9- Keep hands away from

sample needles and probes in the instrument chambers.

Safety rules10- Equipments not lift standing in traffic lanes. 11- Do not obstruct fire equipment. Know location

of firefighting equipment and how to use it. Know evacuation routes and what to do in case of fire.

12- All Clinical Laboratory materials, bottles, specimens, etc., shall be plainly labeled.

13- Mouth pipetting is prohibited.14- Disposable gloves must be worn as indicated.

Safety rules15- Any working area that becomes contaminated,

cleaned immediately with a disinfecting solution. 16- Any specimen of blood, urine, sputum, saliva,

other body fluid or tissue must be regarded as potentially infectious.

Safety rulesRules of obtaining the Specimen 1- Always use Standard Precautions.2- Avoid contact of open skin lesions with blood.3- Hands are to be washed if they become

contaminated with blood while taking specimens.

Safety rules4- Do not bend needles after use. Do not reinsert

used needles in their original containers. Place used needles in the puncture-resistant container provided for disposal needles.

5- Gloves and lab coats are to be worn while obtaining all specimens.

6- After removing gloves and lab coat wash hands thoroughly.

Thank you