Post on 31-Mar-2016
description
IT Program Portfolio-Class of 2013-Battlefield High School
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
A single row function is when a function is applied to only ONE row of data, and there is only ONE output.
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
UPPER makes the selected data in upper-case.
SELECT UPPER(last_name) This could make Potts, POTTS
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
LOWER makes the selected data lower-case SELECT LOWER(last_name) ‘Potts’ to ‘potts’
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
INITCAP makes selected data proper-case SELECT INITCAP(job_title) ‘manager’ to ‘Manager’.
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
CONCAT brings together selected data SELECT CONCAT (‘Hello’,’World’) FROM dual
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
SUBSTR is used to find a specific output based on a definite amount of values
SUBSTR(‘HelloWorld’,1,5)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
LENGTH will give you the amount of characters on a specified value
LENGTH(‘HelloWorld’)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
INSTR will give you a numerical amount from one point to another
INSTR(‘HelloWorld’, ‘W’)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
LPAD fills unused space with specified character, to the left of the selected value.
SELECT LPAD(salary,10,’$’) FROM employees
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
RPAD fills unused space with specified character, to the right of the selected value.
SELECT RPAD(salary,10,’$’)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
TRIM removes characters at the beginning or end of a string.
TRIM(‘H’ FROM ‘HelloWorld’)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Replaces a specified character with another SELECT REPLACE('Brian','Brian', 'Awesome') FROM dual
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Rounds value to specified amount. SELECT ROUND(5.657, 1)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
To truncate is to shorten or cut off a number. TRUNC(5.657, 1)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
MOD = remainder of one value/another value MOD(700,200)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Functions pertaining to dates ◦ MONTHS_BETWEEN ◦ ADD_MONTHS ◦ NEXT_DAY ◦ LAST_DAY ◦ ROUND ◦ TRUNC
The SYSDATE used is 06-FEB-12 The date format is DD-MON-YY
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Number of months between two dates. MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, ‘06-JAN-12’)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Add calendar months to date ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,6)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Next day of the date specified NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'FRIDAY')
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Last day of the month LAST_DAY(SYSDATE)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
SYSDATE returns the current date SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Rounds date ROUND(sysdate, 'MONTH')
ROUND(sysdate, ‘YEAR’)
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Truncates date select trunc(to_date('22-AUG-12'), 'YEAR') from dual
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
TO_CHAR is used to convert dates and numbers to an alternate specified format.
select to_char(sysdate, 'fmMonth dd, RRRR') from dual select to_char(1234, '00999') from dual
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
This converts a character string back to a number
select to_number('1210.73', '9999.99') from dual
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Converts character string to date format TO_DATE(‘character string’, ‘format model’) select to_date('June 22, 1995', 'Month dd,
RRRR') from dual
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
NVL NVL2 NULLIF COALESCE
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
NVL detects if a value is null, and then replaces it if it is.
NVL(possibly null value, value to replace null) SELECT NVL(comments, 'no comment') from d_play_list_items
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
This has 3 expressions. If the first value is not null, then the second is returned. If the first value is null, the third expression is returnded.
SELECT last_name, salary, NVL2(commission_pct, salary + (salary*commission_pct), salary) AS income
FROM employees
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
This compares two expressions. If equal, the function returns null. If not equal, the function returns the first expression.
SELECT first_name, length(first_name) "Length FN", last_name, length(last_name) "LENGTH LN", NULLIF(length(first_name), length(last_name)) as "Compare Them"
FROM d_partners
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
If the first expression is null, the function goes down the line until the first not null function is found.
SELECT last_name, COALESCE(commission_pct, salary, 10) FROM employees ORDER BY commission_pct
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
CASE DECODE
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
The CASE is the SQL version of an “if-then-else” statement SELECT id,loc_type, rental_fee,
CASE loc_type WHEN 'Private Home' THEN 'No Increase' WHEN 'Hotel' THEN 'Increase 5%' ELSE rental_fee END AS "Revised Fee" FROM d_venues
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013
Similar to the CASE function with the “if, then, else” intention SELECT department_id, last_name, salary,
NVL(DECODE(department_id, 10, 1.25*salary, 90, 1.5*salary, 130,1.75*salary), salary) AS "New Salary" FROM employees
IT Portfolio, Class of 2013