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GOLDEN GATE BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARYSouthern California Campus
L1212 21 & 22 Christian Theology
Spring, 2012Dr. John W. Shouse
JohnShouse@aya.yale.edu
415-380-1515 (work); 415-382-6602 (home); 714-883-5944 (cell)415-380-1302 (Fax)
Sundays 5:00 9:20 PM (Saddleback Extension); Mondays 9:00 1:20 P.M. (BreaCampus) January 29 & 30, February 12 & 13, February 26 & 27 , March 11 & 12,
March 25 & 26, April 15 & 16, April 29 & 30, May 13 & 14
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
An introduction to Christian Theology surveying the doctrines of Christ, Salvation, the
Spirit, the Church and Eschatology including an additional focus on the ethicalimplications of Christian thought and practice. (Catalogue Description)
The churchs life is a consequence of her theology. Worship, prayer, discipleship,missions, and evangelism are all products of theological conceptions and convictions.This course will orient students to a foundational understanding of the nature andsubstance of Christian theology. It will introduce participants to the major contours of theChristian doctrines of Christ, the Spirit, Salvation, the Church, and Last Things from astandpoint which identifies with and affirms the evangelical Christian tradition. Specialattention will be paid to the importance of language, metaphor, and narrative as necessarypaths to Christian truth and experience.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Upon the successful completion of this course, participants should be better able to:
1. Express a clear understanding of selected major Christian doctrines. (J1, F11,R18, R19)
2. Employ a theological method that includes Biblical exegesis, historicaldevelopments, philosophical insight, and experiential realities to articulatetheological truth with accuracy, clarity and coherence; (R18)
3. Be knowledgeable concerning the characteristics and contours of several majortheological traditions; (J1, R19)
4. Articulate their own personal theological positions; (C6, C7) and5. Function as responsible pastoral theologians in applying Christian truth to
contemporary life and the mission of the church. (C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, R16,M18, M19, M20, M21)
(Developed by the Historical/Theological Department and adopted by the Faculty, 2004)
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CORE VALUES OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY:
As a consequence of this course participants should be better able to:
Theoretical: Articulate the nature and task of Christian theology in
the context of the mission of the church.
Methodological: Develop a theological method that is biblical,historical, experiential, contemporary, contextual andphilosophically informed
Historical: Deploy a variety of theological approachesand methodologies
Exegetical: Contextually proclaim and relevantly teachthe Word of God throughout the global faith community.
Missional: Honor the importance and realize the imperative ofthe Great Commission
Convictional: Responsibly develop ones own doctrinal positionsand critically evaluate them in terms of the biblical witness andtheological canons
Leading: Exercise biblically shaped leadership and ministry.
Doxological: Incorporate joyfully and consistently Christian
theology into the practice of Christian living, ministry and worship.Pastoral: Function as responsible pastoral theologians in
witnessing, teaching, defending, demonstrating and applyingChristian truth to contemporary life.
Doctrinal: Give cogent and coherent expression to selecteddoctrines of the Christian faith, recognize and refute heresy andground and defend the faith
Philosophical: Engage philosophical tools to assist in thedevelopment of theological expressions that are coherent,consistent, comprehensive and clear.
Ethical: Reflect the character and mandate of Christthroughout the churchs life and ministry
Evangelistic: Carry Christ personally, publicly and corporately toothers.
Ecclesial: Be rooted in the churchs experience, faith and
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corporate life.
Baptistic: Value the baptist commitment to the priesthood ofthe believers and the community of discipleship.
STRATEGIES FOR REACHING OBJECTIVES(Course Learning Assignments and Exercises:
Lecture. Students are responsible for all material presented in class. One absenceduring the semester is at the students discretion. Second absences require clearanceand should entail dire emergencies.
Reading: Students should be up to date in the reading and prepared and ready to becalled upon for questions and/or contributions over the reading.
Discussion. Students should come prepared with one insight or question from eachchapter of the Erickson
Table Talk For each class period students will read the assigned McGrath essaysand come prepared to discuss the questions which follow each one. In addition,students will have one sentence for each McGrath reading which will either affirm,disagree, or probe some section of each entry. Comments should be written down in aone sentence form ready to contribute to the discussion.
Facilitating Table Talk Students will facilitate at least once during the semester aTable Talk section using the McGrath Study Questions as a guide, and elicitingstudent engagement with each essay. Facilitators should contribute at least one
probing question of the material to facilitate group discussion as well as soliciting theinsights of others.
Participation in Theological Debate Presentations From time to time studentswill participate in mock debates on theological issues. Students will be givenmaterials in the preceding class period and assigned a position independent of onespersonal convictions - and will be responsible to be able to present pertinent pointsboth polemical (i.e. positive) and apologetic (i.e. defensive) with respect to assignedpositions.
Internet Reflection Essays Six essays not to exceed the rough equivalent of one,single space type-written page are to be entered by the end of the normal classmeeting time on the weeks the class does not meet. The essay should not summarizethe selection but personally engage the selection by either
a) affirmingb) disagreeing with orc) probing
some specific aspect of the text for clearly stated reasons.
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Examinations Two Exams will be given.. Each exam will count 30% of the totalgrade.
Theological Credo: Credo comes from the Latin for I believe. This Credoshould be constituted by a summative statement of your convictions concerning eachof the major doctrines considered during this semester Christology (including both
the Person and Work of Christ), Pneumatology, Soteriology, Ecclesiology, andEschatology. Each Credo should be approximately one page long:
Biblical: Include Biblical citations that support yoursummative confessions of belief.
Faithful: Reflect a familiarity with and authentic appropriationof historic, orthodox and evangelical traditions of the faith.
Personal: Be a personal, convictional, and heartfelt articulationof each doctrinal position.
A rubric to standardize assessment of the credo statements according to biblical,historical, and systematic ideas of importance is provided below.
**Points added or subtracted from baseline grade of94
CREDO GRADING
RUBRIC
UNACCEPTABLE
OR MINIMALLY
ACCEPTABLE
GOOD EXCELLENT GRADE
CONTENT Substantially less ormore than one pageper doctrine; Omits
core features ofparticular doctrinalfoci;All doctrines are notaddressed covered-1 to -5 pts/doctrine
Adequately and withclarity addressesmany of the core
features of eachdoctrine; Adheressubstantially to theone page-per-doctrinerequirement.
Adequately and with clarityaddresses a comprehensivearray of significant
building blocks of eachdoctrine and showssignificant attention togrammar and presentation.+2 pts/doctrine
SCRIPTURAL
SUPPORT
No Scripture cited-2 pts/doctrine
Two-four corescriptural citationsper doctrine(references notquotations)
Five or more coreScriptural citations perdoctrine (references notquotations)+1 pt/doctrine
CREATIVITY Little or no evidenceof thought towardmoving from
systematic to pastoraltheology andapplication
Evidence ofpersonalappropriation and
articulation of theDoctrine. Evidenceof personalexperience andapplication
A Striking and Forceful(not necessarily novel)personal appropriation and
articulation of theDoctrine. Evidence ofpersonalexperience/application.Quotes from sources otherthan Scripture; uniquepresentation+1 pt/doctrine
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INSTRUCTIONS Significant & frequentstyle errors on eachpage; late submissionof assignment;Evidence of cuttingand pasting-5 to -10 pts/entire
doc
General adherenceto Turabian style;submitted on time
Adherence to Turabianstyle+2 pts/entire doc
(At the conclusion of the second theology course, the student will submit a singlecomprehensive credo. This statement of beliefs will be comprised of no more than onepage per doctrine studied. That list of doctrines will correspond directly to the number ofdoctrines studied in both L1211 and L1212. Thus, the artifact will be a combination ofcredo statements constructed for both L1211 and L1212, taken online or face-to-face. Thestudent will upload his or her complete credo (statements from both classes) at the pointthey submit the specific statement for the second of the two classes, regardless of whichone the student took last. These credo projects, with the one-page/doctrine requirement,will be assigned in each section of both classes taught across the entire GGBTS system.)
A Semester Project. The project can by fulfilled in one of three ways: a ResearchPaper, an Analytical Review or a Theological Project.1. Research Paper:
The Research Paper should explore a theological theme or investigate atheological figure addressed during the course of this semester. It shouldreflect a minimum of seven outside sources. The paper is to be a minimum often pages.
2. Analytical Review:The Analytical Review is to be a critical review of one or more theologicalbooks of substance that represent significant contributions to the field orcontrasting positions on similar themes. The paper is to be more than a simplebook report. It should reflect a minimum of six sources outside the book orset of books that are being analyzed. The paper is to be a minimum of tenpages.
3. Theological Project:The Theological Project assignment is designed to allow students to deploy,
integrate and express theological concepts in a mode that is particularlyappropriate to their own interests, abilities and ministry settings. The projectshould be designed in a manner that requires outside research and energy ofcomposition and creation that is roughly equivalent to that of the researchpaper or analytical review. A project might take the form of the developmentof five doctrinal sermons which show evidence (explicitly cited in abibliography and footnoted through the sermon) of research and outsidereading; the development of a series of Bible Studies or Training Sessions onChristian Doctrine (again showing and citing outside research in theirdevelopment); the writing of a worship sketch or short play depicting one or
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more theological themes developed in this class (with outside referencematerial used and cited); the creation of a visual work of art related to atheological theme in the course and an accompanying description and rationaleshowing outside research and theological grounding. The project shouldinclude a bibliography of at least three books and a reflection paper of at leastfive pages (in addition to whatever form the project itself takes) discussing the
theological issues from the class, research and reading which are reflected andembodied in the project.
MANDATORY ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIESGGBTS engages in regular assessment of its academic programs. Student participation isessential to this process through the following three activities.1. ePortfolio Reflections - All degree-seeking students must reflect on the workcompleted as part of required courses by commenting upon the manner in which thecourse contributed to his/her growth in relation to five Essential LeadershipCharacteristics selected by the student and referenced in the syllabus under CourseLearning Outcomes. These reflections must be recorded in the student's ePortfolio and a
copy emailed to the professor no later than the last scheduled meeting of the class.2. CoursEval Assessments Each semester a link to a CoursEval survey for each coursetaken will appear in the student's MyGGBTS page. Students are required to complete thisonline evaluation of course/instructor no later than the last scheduled meeting of the class.A summary of results (without student ID) is released to the professor only after gradeshave been submitted for the course.3. ePortfolio Artifacts The syllabi of certain courses identify specific assignmentswhich the student will both turn in to the professor for a grade AND attach to theirePortfolio as a "learning artifact." The institution reviews these artifacts as a way ofjudging the effectiveness of the Seminary's academic program. The review normallyoccurs after the student's graduation and without reference to student identity. Students
are encouraged to remove title page or header/footer containing their name prior toattaching the artifact to their ePortfolio.
TEXTBOOKS:
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The Spectrum,, (Second Edition), BakerAcademic 2009Michael Hordern, The Christian Faith,Alister McGrath, The Christian Theology Reader, 4th Edition, Oxford: Blackwell, 2007
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Greg Boyd and Paul Eddy (ed.), Across the Spectrum, Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002Millard Erickson, The Concise Dictionary of Christian Theology, Wheaton: CrosswayBooks, 2001.Stanley Grenz, Theology for the Community of GodWayne Grudem, Systematic TheologyDonald Musser & Joseph Price (editors), A New Handbook of Christian Theology,Abingdon, 2005
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H. Wayne House. Charts of Christian Theology and Doctrine. GrandRapids: Zondervan, 1992.James Packer, Knowing GodJohn Piper, The Pleasures of GodSteve Wilkens. Good Ideas from Questionable Christians and OutrightPagans. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2004.
GRADING:
Class Participation 5%Mid-Term Exam 30%Final Exam 30%Class Presentations P/FInternet Reflections P/FTheological Credo 5%Research Paper, Analytical Review, or
Theological Project 30%
All papers must be handed in hard copy not electronically unless by express
permission of the professor.
CLASS SCHEDULE:
January 29-30VII. CHRISTOLOGY: CHRIST THE CENTER
Housekeeping and Introductions
The Person of Christ:
Christ as Fully God and Fully Man: The Hypostatic
Union
Michael Horton, The Christian FaithChapter 14 The Person of Christ
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The Spectrum:Chapter 6: The Christology Debate
Theological Table TalkMcGrath:4.8 Athanasius on the Two Natures of Christ
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(Facilitator)
4.14 Cyril of Alexandria on the Incarnation,
(Facilitator)
4.25 Francois Turretini on the Threefold Office of Christ,
(Facilitator)
4.32 P. T. Forsyth on the Person of Christ,
(Facilitator)
The Christology Debate
(Assign Roles in Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The
Spectrum: Chapter 7 - The Atonement Debate)
February 6 Internet Reflection The Person of ChristWrite on One of the Following:McGrath:4.4 Tertullian on the Incarnation,4.6 Origen on the Two Natures of Christ,4.7 Arius on the Status of Christ,4.9 Apollinarius of Laodicea on the Person of Christ,4.10 Gregory of Nazianzus on Apollinarianism,
4.16 Leo the Great on the Two Natures,4.17 The Chalcedonian Definition of the Christian Faith,4.23 Gregory Palamas on the Divine Condescension in theIncarnation,4.24 Martin Luthers Critique of Nestorianism,4.29 Martin Khler on the Historical Jesus4.31 Albert Schweitzer on the Failure of the Quest of theHistorical Jesus,4.34 Dorothy Sayers on Christology and Dogma,4.36 Wolfhart Pannenberg on the Indispensability of theHistorical Jesus4.41 N.T. Wright on History and Christology
February 12-13 The Person of Christ II
The Work of Christ:
Christ as Prophet: The Work of Christ in His Life and
Ministry
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Christ as Priest: The Work of Christ in His Death and
Atonement
Michael Horton, The Christian FaithChapter 15; The State of Humiliation:Christs Threefold Office
Chapter 16; The State of Exaltation: TheServant Who Is Lord
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The Spectrum:Chapter 7: The Atonement Debate
Theological Table TalkMcGrath:4.37 Thomas F. Torrance on the Incarnation andSoteriology
5.1 Irenaeus on the Ransom Theory of the Atonement
5.33James Packer on Penal Substitution
5.20 The Socinian Critique of the Idea of Satisfaction
5.23 Charles Wesley on Salvation in Christ
The Atonement Debate(Assign Roles in Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across TheSpectrum: Chapter 14 The Charismatic Gifts Debate)
February 20 Internet Reflection The Work of ChristWrite on One of the Following:McGrath:5.2 Irenaeus on Recapitulation in Christ5.4 Athanasius on the Death of Christ5.6 Pseudo-Hippolytus on the Crosss Cosmic Dimensions5.7 Rufinus of Aquileia on the Fish-hook Theory of theAtonement
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5.10 Augustine on Redemption in Christ5.13 Anselm of Canterbury on the Atonement5.14 Peter Abelard on the Love of Christ in Redemption5.17 Thomas Aquinas on the Satisfaction of Christ5.19 John Calvin on the Grounds of Redemption5.21 John Donne on the Work of Christ
5.22 George Herbert on the Death of Christ andRedemption5.29 Gustaf Aulen on the Classic Theory of the Atonement,5:30 Vladimir Lossky on Redemption as Deification5.31 Bernard Lonergan on the Intelligibility of Redemption5.35 Colin Gunton on the Language of Atonement
February 26-27
VIII. PNEUMATOLOGY: THE GOD WHO IS SPIRIT
The Person and Work of the Spirit:
Pleroma: The Person of the Spirit and
Praxis: The Fruits of the Spirit
Michael Horton, The Christian FaithChapter 17, Called to Be Saints: ChristsPresence in the SpiritChapter 18; Union With Christ
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The
Spectrum:Chapter 14 The Charismatic Gifts Debate
Theological Table TalkMcGrath:3.10 Basil of Caesarea on the Work of the Holy Spirit
3.15 Augustine on the Holy Spirit
The Charismatic Gifts Debate(Assign Roles in Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across TheSpectrum: Chapter 8 The Salvation Debate)
March 5 Internet Reflection The Holy SpiritWrite on One of the Following:
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3.17 Cyril of Alexandria on the Role of the Holy Spirit3.18 Fulgentius of Ruspe on the Holy Spirit and Eucharist3.19 John of Damascus on the Holy Spirit
March 11-12
IX. SOTERIOLOGY: THE SALVATION WE ENJOY
FAITH
Predestination: The Shape and Plan of Salvation
Michael Horton, The Christian FaithChapter 19; Forensic Aspects of Union with Christ:Justification and AdoptionChapter 20; The Way Forward in Grace:
Sanctification and PerseveranceChapter 21 The Hope of Glory: Those Whom HeJustified He Also Glorified (Romans 8:30)
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The Spectrum:Chapter 8 The Salvation Debate
Theological Table TalkMcGrath:6.11 Augustine on Divine Election
(Facilitator)6.36 John Calvin on Predestination
(Facilitator)
6.43 The Westminster Catechism on Predestination
(Facilitator)
6.51 Karl Barth on Election in Christ
(Facilitator)
The Salvation Debate(Assign Roles in Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across TheSpectrum: Chapter 9 The Sanctification Debate andChapter 10 The Eternal Security Debate)
Take-Home Exam Handed Out
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March 19 Work on Take-Home Exam
Internet Reflection Essay:Write on One of the Following:
McGrath6.2 Tertullian on the Origin of Sin6.10 Gregory of Nyssa on Human Longing for God6.11 Augustine on Divine Election6.12 Augustine on the Nature of Predestination6.13 Augustine on Fallen Human Nature6.14 Augustine on Human Freedom6.15 Augustine on Irresistible Grace and Perseverance6.16 Pelagius on Human Responsibility6.17 Pelagius on Human Freedom6.18 Pelagius Rejection of Original Sin
6.37 Theodore Beza on the Causes of Predestination6.43 The Westminster Confession of Faith onPredestination6.46 Emil Brunner on Barths Doctrine of Election
March 25-26 Saving Faith and Sanctified Lives: The Facts and Fruitsof Salvation
Michael Horton, The Christian Faith
Chapter 20; The Way Forward in Grace:Sanctification and PerseveranceChapter 21 The Hope of Glory: Those Whom HeJustified He Also Glorified (Romans 8:30)
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The Spectrum:Chapter 9 The Sanctification Debate andChapter 10 The Eternal Security Debate
Theological Table TalkMcGrath:6.26 Thomas Aquinas on the Nature of Grace
(Facilitator)
6.33 Martin Luther on Justifying Faith
(Facilitator)
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6.38 John Calvin on the Concept of Justification
(Facilitator)
6.48 John Wesley on Justification
(Facilitator)
The Sanctification Debate andThe Eternal Security Debate
(Assign Roles in The Church Governance Debate
Take Home Exam Handed In
X. ECCLESIOLOGY: THE BODY WE JOIN
LOVE
The Church: Love Embodied
The Nature and Governance of the Church:
Michael Horton, The Christian FaithChapter Chapter 22; The Kingdom of Grace and theNew Covenant ChurchChapter 23; Word and Sacrament: The Means of
GraceThe Church Governance Debate
Theological Table Talk
McGrath:7.17 John Calvin on the Marks of the Church
(Facilitator)
7.20 John Owen on the Nature of a Gospel Church
(Facilitator)
(Assign Roles in Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across TheSpectrum: Chapter 12 The Baptism Debate and Chapter13 The Lords Supper Debate)
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April 2 Internet ReflectionWrite on One of the Following:McGrath6.1 Irenaeus on Human Progress6.8 Ambrose on the Unmerited Character of Salvation6.10 Gregory of Nyssa on Human Longing for God
6.19 The Council of Carthage on Grace6.32 Martin Luthers Discovery of the Righteousness ofGod6.34 Martin Luther on Sin and Grace6.35 Philip Melanchthon on Justification by Faith6.37 John Calvin on Faith and the Promises of God6.39 The Council of Trent on Justification6.47 Jonathan Edwards on Original Sin
April 15-16 The Church: Love Embodied
The Ordinances of the Church
The Enacted Parables:
Love Dramatized in Baptism and the Lords Supper
Michael Horton, The Christian FaithChapter 24; Baptism and the Lords SupperChapter 25; The Attributes of the Church: Unity,Catholicity, and HolinessChapter 26; Apostolicity: A Fellowship ofReceivers and Deliverers
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The Spectrum:Chapter 12 The Baptism DebateChapter 13 The Lords Supper Debate
Theological Table TalkMcGrath:7.24 The Bartmen Confession on the Identity of the Church
(Facilitator)
7.30 Stanley Hauerwas on the Importance of the Church
(Facilitator)
Theological Table TalkMcGrath:8.16 Thomas Aquinas on Transubstantiation
(Facilitator)
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8.18 Martin Luther on the Doctrine of Transubstantiation
(Facilitator)
8.26 John Calvin on the Nature of Sacraments
(Facilitator)
The Baptism Debate
The Lords Supper Debate
(Assign Roles in Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across TheSpectrum: Chapter 11 The Destiny of the UnevangelizedDebate; Chapter 16, The Millenium Debate; andChapter 17 The Hell Debate)
April 23 Internet EssayWrite on One of the Following:McGrath:7.1 Irenaeus and the Function of the Church7.6 Augustine on the Mixed Nature of the Church7.9 Thomas Aquinas on the Catholicity of the Church7.11 Jan Hus on the Church7.12 Martin Luther on the Marks of the Church7.16 The First Helvetic Confession on the Nature of theChurch7.18 Richard Hooker on the Purity of the Church
7.19 The Westminster Confession on the Church7.21 Schleiermacher on the Church as a Fellowship ofBelievers7.22 Vatican I on Papal Primacy in the Church7.25 Vatican II on the Nature of the Church7.26 Zizioulas on Local and Universal Churches7.27 Leonardo Boff on the Nature of Local Churches8.19 Martin Luther on the Bread and Wine as a Testament8.20 Martin Luther on Baptism8.23 Huldrych Zwingli on This is My Body8.24 Huldrych Zwingli on the Nature of Sacraments8.28 The Council of Trent on Transubstantiation8.31 Vatican II on the Eucharist8.32 Edward Schillebeeckx on Understanding the RealPresence8.43 Alexander Schmemann on the Eucharist
April 29-30
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XI. ESCHATOLOGY: THE FUTURE WE AWAIT
HOPE
The Future: Christ is Coming Again and Final States
Michael Horton, The Christian FaithChapter 27; A Dwelling PlaceChapter 28; The Return of Christ and the LastJudgmentChapter 29; The Last Battle and Life Everlasting
Gregory Boyd and Paul Eddy, Across The Spectrum:Chapter 11 The Destiny of the UnevangelizedDebate;Chapter 16, The Millenium Debate;Chapter 17 The Hell Debate Assigned
Theological Table Talk
McGrath:10.12 Peter Lombard on the Appearance of Humanity inHeaven
(Facilitator)
10.16 Jeremy Taylor on Death and Heaven
(Facilitator)
10.23 Gabriel Fackre on the Last Things
(Facilitator)
9.8 Clark Pinnock on Pluralists and Christology
(Facilitator)
9.9 C.S. John Hick on Complimentary Pluralism
(Facilitator)
9.10 C.S. Song on the Cross and the Lotus
(Facilitator)
McGrath6.22 John Scotus Eriugna on the Nature of Paradise10.1 Irenaeus on the Final Restoration of Creation10.2 Theophilus of Antioch on Conditional Immortality
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10.3 Tertullian on Hell and Heaven10.8 Gregory of Nyssa on the Resurrection of the Body10.10 Augustine on the Christian Hope10.13 Benedict XII on Seeing God in Heaven10.15 John Donne on the Resurrection10.17 Jonathan Edwards on the Reality of Hell
10.20 Helmut Thielicke on Ethics and Eschatology10.21 Richard Bauckham on Moltmanns Eschatology10.22 Hans Urs von Balthasar on Hell10.24 Philip Hughes on Everlasting Death10.25 Kathryn Turner on Eternal Life
The Destiny of the Unevangelized Debate
The Millenium Debate
The Hell Debate
Take Home Exam Handed Out
May 7: No Internet Reflection Spring Reading Week Work on Take-Home Exam andPaper or Project
May 13-14 Take Home Exam Handed In
Credos Handed In,
Student Presentations of Papers and Projects
Projects and Papers Handed In
The above schedule is open to revision in astonishing ways, but assignments, alas,
are due as scheduled.
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The Christology Debate
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 6)
The Unavoidable Paradox of the God-man (The Classical View)
Christ Relinquished His Divine Prerogatives (The Kenotic View)
The Moderator: Posing the Question
The Unavoidable Paradox of the God-man (The Classical View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 113-114
The Biblical Argument pp. 114-115
Supporting Argument 1: Rendering the Two Natures of Christ Coherent
Supporting Argument 2: The Glory of Jesus
Supporting Argument 3: The Inconsistency of the Kenotic View
Responding to Objections 1: How Are Two Minds Not Two Persons?
Responding to Objections 2: This View is Not Biblical.
Responding to Objections 3: Jesus Could Not Have Been Genuinely Tempted
Christ Relinquished His Divine Prerogatives (The Kenotic View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 118-119
The Biblical Argument pp. 119-120
Supporting Argument 1: The Coherence of the Kenotic View
Supporting Argument 2: The Humanity of Jesus
Supporting Argument 3: The Example of Jesus
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Responding to Objections 1: This View Undermines the Divinity of Jesus
Responding to Objections 2: How Did Jesus Do Miraculous Deeds
Responding to Objections 3: Pauls Interest was Not Metaphysical
Responding to Objections 4: Who Ran the Universe During the Incarnation
Responding to Objections 5: What of Christs Post-Ascension Humanity?
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The Atonement Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 6)
The Penal Substitution View (Christ Died in Our Place)The Christus Victor View (Christ Destroyed Satan and His Works)
The Moral Government View (Christ Displayed Gods Wrath against Sin)
The Moderator: Posing the Question
The Penal Substitution View (Christ Died in Our Place)
The Biblical Argument pp. 126-127
The Biblical Argument pp. 128-129
Supporting Argument 1: How Sinners are Reconciled to God
Supporting Argument 2: Jesus Life and Death
Responding to Objections 1: This View Limits God
Responding to Objections 2: This View Encourages Sinful Living
Responding to Objections 3: Guilt Cannot Be TransferredResponding to Objections 4: This View Sets the Father Against the Son
The Christus Victor View (Christ Destroyed Satan and His Works)
The Biblical Argument pp. 132-334a
The Biblical Argument pp. 134b-35
Supporting Argument 1: Church Tradition
Supporting Argument 2: The Unifying Theme of Jesus Ministry
Supporting Argument 3: The Unity of Jesus Death and Resurrection
Supporting Argument 4: The Cosmic Dimension of Evil
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Responding to Objections 1: This View is Imbalanced in Its Focus
Responding to Objections 2: This View is Overly Speculative
Responding to Objections 3: This View Gives Satan Too Much Credit
The Moral Government View (Christ Displayed Gods Wrath against Sin)
The Biblical Argument pp. 137-389a
The Biblical Argument pp. 139b-41
Supporting Argument 1: The Coherence and Practicality of the View
Supporting Argument 2: The Genuineness of Gods Forgiveness
Supporting Argument 3: The Holiness and Unity of the Trinity
Responding to Objections 1: Jesus Bore Our Sins
Responding to Objections 2: What Becomes of Gods Justice
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The Charismatic Gifts Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 14)
The Gifts are for Today (The Continuationist View)Tongues Shall Cease (The Cessationist View)
The Moderator: Posing the Question
The Gifts are for Today (The Continuationist View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 238
The Biblical Argument pp. 239-240a
Supporting Argument 1 The Weak Biblical Foundation for Cessationism
Ephesians 2:20-22Hebrews 2:4-6I Corintheans 13:8-13
Supporting Argument 2 Church History
Early Post-apostolic ChurchCessationist Exageration
Supporting Article 3 - Gods Guidance Today
Responding to Objections 1 The Pattern of Gods Miraculous Activity does notsupport this view.
Responding to Objections 2 The Continuation of Charismatic gifts means thatthe Canon is Open
Tongues Shall Cease (The Cessationist View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 1243-244a)
The Biblical Argument pp. 243b-244)
Supporting Argument 1 Church History
Supporting Argument 2 The Canon is Closed
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Supporting Argument 3 Practical Considerations
Responding to Objections 1 This View has a Naturalistic basis
Responding to Objections 2 This View Contradicts Scripture
Responding to Objections 3 This view cannot explain contemporary charismaticexperiences
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The Salvation Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 8)
T U L I P (The Calvinist View)God Wants All to Be Saved View (The Arminian View)
T U L I P (The Calvinist View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 147-149a
The Biblical Argument pp. 149b-150
Supporting Argument 1Logical Coherence:
Supporting Argument 2All the Glory is Gods:
Supporting Argument 3. The Confidence of the Believer:
Responding to Objections 1 God is Not Fair:
Responding to Objections 2 What About Our Freedom? I
Responding to Objections 3Does God Want All to be Saved?
God Wants All to Be Saved View (The Arminian View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 153-155a
The Biblical Argument pp. 155b-157
Supporting Argument 1Affirmation of Gods Perfect Love
Supporting Argument 2 Confidence in Evangelism
Responding to Objections 1: View is Not Consistent with Election
Responding to Objections 2: View Suggests that We Get Credit for our Salvation
FirstSecondThird
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The Sanctification Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 9)
Sanctification as a Declaration by God (The Lutheran View)Sanctification as Holiness in Christ and in Personal Conduct (The Reformed View)
Sanctification as Resting-Faith in the Sufficiency of Christ (The Keswick DeeperLife View)
Entire Sanctification as Perfect Love (The Wesleyan View)
The Moderator: Posing the Question
Sanctification as a Declaration by God (The Lutheran View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 163-164a
The Biblical Argument pp. 164b-165
Supporting Argument 1 Christian Realism
Supporting Argument 2 Faith and Pride
Responding to Objections 1 Faith Requires Expression Through Good Works
Responding to Objections 2 This View Turns Imputed Righteousness into a LegalFiction
Sanctification as Holiness in Christ and in Personal Conduct (The Reformed View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 167-168 last full paragraph
The Biblical Argument pp. 168 bottom partial paragraph -169
Supporting Argument 1 Balancing Realism and Optimism
Responding to Objections 1 This view risks the danger of human pride
Responding to Objections 2 Sanctification is more than moral imperatives
Sanctification as Resting-Faith in the Sufficiency of Christ (The Keswick Deeper
Life View)
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The Biblical Argument pp. 172-173 top half
The Biblical Argument pp. 173 bottom half to 174
Supporting Argument 1 Experiencing freedom here and now.
Responding to Objections 1 This view focuses exclusively on the act of surrender
Responding to Objections 2 Resting-faith is itself a crisis
Responding to Objections 3. Not all spiritual striving is of the flesh.
Entire Sanctification as Perfect Love (The Wesleyan View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 176 -177 top half
The Biblical Argument pp. 177 bottom half to 178
Supporting Argument 1: The root of the problem.
Supporting Argument 2: Optimism and Dependency
Responding to Objections 1: This view minimizes the work of justification andmisunderstands the work of the Holy Spirit.
pp. 179-180 end of first paragraphp. 180 first full paragraph starting with Regarding
Responding to Objections 2: Perfection is a heavy Burden
pp. 180-181 end of first paragraphp. 180, first full paragraph to the end
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The Eternal Security Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 10)
Secure in the Power of God (The Eternal Security View)The Need to Persist in Faith (The Continual Security View)
The Moderator: Posing the Question
Secure in the Power of God (The Eternal Security View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 185-186
The Biblical Argument pp. 186-188
Supporting Argument 1: Perseverance by Grace
Supporting Argument 2: Forever a Child of God
Supporting Argument 3: Courtship and Marriage
Supporting Argument 4: The Security of the Believer
Responding to Objections 1 Several Biblical Passages Contradict this View
Responding to Objections 2 Eternal Security Undermines Free Will
The Need to Persist in Faith (The Continual Security View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 190-192
The Biblical Argument pp. 192-194
Supporting Argument 1: Cheap Grace
Responding to Objections 1: This View Contradicts the Security Passages inScripture
Responding to Objections 2: This View Promotes Insecurity
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The Baptism Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 12)
Baptism and Christian Discipleship View (The Believers Baptism View)Covenanting with the Community of God View (The Infant Baptism View)
The Moderator: Posing the Question
Baptism and Christian Discipleship View (The Believers Baptism View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 215-217
The Biblical Argument pp. 217 (first full paragraph) - 218
Supporting Argument 1: The Importance of Discipleship
Responding to Objections 1: Scripture Passages Oppose the View
Responding to Objections 2: This View Ignores the Continuities Between the Oldand New Covenants.
Responding to Objections 3: This View has been Influenced by ModernIndividualism
Responding to Objections 4: This View Runs Counter to Church Tradition
Covenanting with the Community of God View (The Infant Baptism View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 220-222
The Biblical Argument pp. 222 (first full paragraph) - 223
Supporting Argument 1: Church Tradition
Supporting Argument 2: Gods Initiative in Salvation
Responding to Objections 1: The Bible Contains No Explicit Reference to InfantBaptism
Responding to Objections 2: Scripture Gives Faith as a Prerequisite to Baptism
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The Lords Supper Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 13)
This is My body: The Spiritual Presence View
In Remembrance of Me: The Memorial View
This is My body: The Spiritual Presence View
The Biblical Argument pp. 229
The Biblical Argument pp. 230
Supporting Argument 1: A Traditional Perspective
Responding to Objections 1: The Language Surrounding the Lords Supper isMetaphorical
In Remembrance of Me: The Memorial View
The Biblical Argument pp. 231-232
The Biblical Argument pp. 232-233
Supporting Argument 1: Communion and Our Relationship with God
Responding to Objections 1: This View is not Compatable with Scripture
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The Destiny of the Unevangelized Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 11)
No Other Name (The Restrictivist View)God Does All He Can Do (The Universal Opportunity View)
Hope Beyond the Grave (The Postmortem Evangelism View)He Has Not Left Himself Without a Witness (The Inclusivist View)
No Other Name (The Restrictivist View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 199-200a
The Biblical Argument pp.200a-201
Supporting Argument 1 Church History
Responding to Objections 1 This View is Unfair
Responding to Objections 2 According to this View Babies and the MentallyDisabled Cannot be Saved
God Does All He Can Do (The Universal Opportunity View)
The Biblical Argument
Supporting Argument 1 Church Tradition
Supporting Argument 2 Reason
Responding to Objections 1 There is inadequate Evidence for this View
Responding to Objections 2 This View Compromises the Urgency of Missions
Hope Beyond the Grave (The Postmortem Evangelism View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 205-206a
The Biblical Argument pp.206b-207
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Supporting Argument 1 Church History
Supporting Argument 2 The Freewill Defense
Responding to Objections 1 Scripture Rules Out the Possibility of SalvationAfter Death
Responding to Objections 2 This View Undermines Missions
He Has Not Left Himself Without a Witness (The Inclusivist View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 209-210a
The Biblical Argument pp.210b-211
Supporting Argument 1 Church History
Supporting Argument 2 Gods Love an Justice
Responding to Objections 1 This View Constitutes a Drift Toward Pluralism
Responding to Objections 2 This View Undermines Missions
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The Millenial Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 16)
The Return Before the Reign (Premillenial)
The Working Toward & Waiting for a Coming Reign of Peace (Postmillennial View)The Symbolic Thousand-Year Conquest of Satan (Amillennial View)
The Return Before the Reign (The Premillenial View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 264-265a
The Biblical Argument pp. 265a-266b
Supporting Argument 1 Church Tradition
Supporting Argument 2 The Deteriorating State of the World
Responding to Objections 1 This view has an inadequate foundation
Responding to Objections 2 This view runs counter to the mustard seed patternof kingdom expansion
The Working Toward & Waiting for a Coming Reign of Peace (Postmillennial View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 268-269
The Biblical Argument pp. 270-271
Supporting Argument 1 Confidence for the future
Supporting Argument 2 A Credible Eschatology
Responding to Objections 1 This view runs counter to church tradition
Responding to Objections 2 How does this view explain evidence of a decayingworld?
Responding to Objections 3 There are scriptural problems with this view.
The Symbolic Thousand-Year Conquest of Satan (The Amillennial View)
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The Biblical Argument pp. 274-275
The Biblical Argument pp. 276-278
Supporting Argument 1: Church
Responding to Objections 1: The Amillennial position spiritualizes Scripture
Responding to Objections 2: This view offers a weak defense.
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The Hell Debate:
Across the Spectrum
(Chapter 17)
The Unending Torment of the Wicked (The Classical View)
The Wicked Shall Be No More (The Annihilationist View)
The Unending Torment of the Wicked (The Classical View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 282-283aThe Biblical Argument pp. 283b-284
Supporting Argument 1 Church TraditionSupporting Argument 2 Sin Against an Infinite GodSupporting Argument 3 Criminals Must PaySupporting Argument 4 No Fear of Hell
Responding to Objections 1 Eternal Hell is CruelResponding to Objections 2 Scripture Teaches Annihilation
The Wicked Shall Be No More (The Annihilationist View)
The Biblical Argument pp. 286-288aThe Biblical Argument pp. 288b-290
Supporting Argument 1 Unending Suffering is Inconsistent with theLove of God
Supporting Argument 2 Unending Torment is Inconsistent withGods Victory
Responding to Objections 1 Scripture States that the Wicked will beTormented Day and Night
Responding to Objections 2 This View Undermines Fear of Hell
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Systematic Theology BibliographyJohn W. Shouse, Ph.D.
Systematic Theologies:
Allen, Diogenes. Philosophy for Understanding Theology. Atlanta: John KnoxPress, 1985.
Barth, Karl. Dogmatics in Outline. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1986.
, Church Dogmatics, Edinburgh: T & T Clark
Basden, Paul, ed. Has Our Theology Changed? Southern Baptist Thought Since 1845.Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1994
Bloesch, Donald, Essentials of Evangelical Theology, Volumes I and II, SanFrancisco: Harper and Row, Publishers 1978 and1979.
, A Theology of Word and Spirit, Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press,1993.
, Holy Scripture, Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994., The Almighty God, Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 1995., Jesus Christ: Savior and Lord, Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press,1997., The Holy Spirit, Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 2000.
Emil Brunner, The Christian Doctrine of God, The Christian Doctrine of Creationand Redemption, and The Christian Doctrine of the Church, Faith and theConsummation, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1949.
Brunner, Frederick Dale. A Theology of the Holy Spirit: The Pentecostal Experience and
the New Testament Witness. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company,1970.
Chan, Simon. Spiritual Theology: A Systematic Study of the Christian Life. DownersGrove: InterVarsity, 1998.
Demarest, Bruce. The Cross and Salvation: The Doctrine of Salvation. Wheaton, IL:Crossway Books, 1997.
Dyrness, William A. Invitation to Cross-Cultural Theology: Case Studies in VernacularTheologies. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1992.
Erickson, Millard J. Christian Theology, 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House,1998.
________ . The Word Became Flesh: A Contemporary Incarnational Christology.Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1991.
Elwell, Walter. Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, current ed. Grand Rapids: BakerBook House.
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Fee, Gordon D. Gods Empowering Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Letters of Paul.Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994.
Ford, David F., ed. The Modern Theologians: An Introduction to Christian Theology inthe Twentieth Century. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997
Frackre, Gabriel, Ronald H. Nash, and John Sanders. What About Those Who HaveNever Heard? Three Views on the Destiny of the Unevangelized. Downers Grove:InterVarsity Press, 1995.
Garrett, James Leo. Systematic Theology, Vols 1 and 2. Grand Rapids: William B.Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2001.
George, Timothy, and David Dockery, eds., Baptist Theology. Nashville: BroadmanPress, 1990.
Gonzalez, Justo L. Maana: Christian Theology from a Hispanic Perspective
(Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1990)
, Santa Biblia: The Bible Through Hispanic Eyes (Nashville:Abingdon Press, 1996)
Green, Joel B. and Max Turner. Between Two Horizons: Spanning NewTestament Studies & Systematic Theology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000)
Green, Michael. I Believe in the Holy Spirit. Grand Rapids: William. B. EerdmansPublishing Company, 1986.
Grenz, Stanley J. and John R. Franke. Beyond Foundationalism: Shaping Theology in aPostmodern Context. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
Grenz, Stanley J. Theology for the Community of God. Nashville: Broadman &Holman, 1994.
Grenz, Stanley & Roger Olson. Who Needs Theology? An Invitation to the Studyof God. Downers Grove: IVP, 1996.
Grudem, Wayne. Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.
Henry, Carl F. H. God, Revelation, and Authority Vols. 1-6 (Waco, TX: WordBooks, 1976)
Henry, Carl F. H. The Identity of Jesus of Nazareth. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1992.
Lewis, Gordon R., and Bruce A. Demarest. Integrative Theology. Grand Rapids:Zondervan Publishing House, 1996.
Lindbeck, George A. The Nature of Doctrine: Religion and Theology in a PostliberalAge. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1984.
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McClendon, Jr., James Wm. Systematic Theology: Ethics, Volume I, Doctrine, VolumeII, and Witness, Volume III. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994 2000.
McGrath, Alister E., Christian Theology: An Introduction, 3rd ed., Cambridge:Blackwell Publishers, Inc., 2002..
McGrath, Alister E., A Christian Theology Reader, 2nd ed. Cambridge: BlackwellPublishers, Inc., 2001.
Daniel Migliore, Faith Seeking Understanding: An Introduction to ChristianTheology, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
Moltmann, Jrgen. The Church in the Power of the Spirit: A Contribution to MessianicEcclesiology. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993.
Moule, C. F. D. The Origins of Christology. London: Cambridge University Press,
1977.
Packer, J. I. Keep in Step with the Spirit. Grand Rapids: Fleming H. Revell, 1984.
Pinnock, Clark. Flame of Love: A Theology of the Holy Spirit. Downers Grove:InterVarsity Press, 1996.
Wolfhart Pannenberg, Systematic Theology, Volumes 1, 2, and 3, Grand Rapids:Eerdmans
Reymond, Robert L. A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith. Nashville:
Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998.Robinson, James B., and David S. Dockery, eds. Beyond the Impasse?: Scripture,Interpretation, and Theology in Baptist Life. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1992.
Stone, Howard W., and James O. Duke. How to Think Theologically. Minneapolis:Fortress Press, 1996.
Volf, Miroslav. After Our Likeness: The Church as the Image of the Trinity. GrandRapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1998.
Ward, Graham, ed. The Postmodern God: A Theological Reader. Oxford:Blackwell, 1997.
Witherington III, Ben. The Jesus Quest. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press,1995.
Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996.