Post on 04-Jan-2016
description
Shifting Frames: Contextualizing Critical
Theory
A Presentation by Jenny Moffitt
Aims
• To answer the question: “What is critical theory?”• To gain an overview of the major schools of
theory as outlined by Steven Lynn• To learn the distinguishing traits of New
Criticism, including the key terms, texts, and ideas of the school
• To consider reactions against New Criticism• To learn the distinguishing traits of Reader-
Response Criticism, including the key terms, texts, and ideas of the school
• To apply the theory of Reader Response to film
What is Critical Theory?
• The _______________.
• The ______________
• “Critical theory is thus _____________
Major Schools of Theory: An Overview
1. New Criticism (14-17):
2. Reader-Response Criticism (17-20):
3. Deconstructive Criticism (20-23):-
4. Historical, Postcolonial, and Cultural Studies (23-28):
- Historical Criticism
- New Historicism
- Postcolonial Criticism
- Cultural Studies
5. Psychological Criticism (28-31):
6. Feminist Criticism (31-33):
• Note: Each chapter of Steven Lynn’s Texts and Contexts is devoted to one of these critical schools.
The“Well-Wrought
Urn”of New Criticism
Key Terms for New Criticism
• Close Reading –
• Intentional Fallacy –
• Affective Fallacy -
• Explication –
• Organic Unity –
• Ambiguity -
• Objective Correlative –
The Major Names and Texts
of New Criticism• T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) -
• I.A. Richards (1893-1979) -
• Cleanth Brooks (1906-1994) –
• John Crowe Ransom (1888-
1974) –
• Renè Wellek (1903-1995)
and Austin Warren (1899-1986)
• W.K. Wimsatt (1907) and
Monroe Beardsley (1915-1985)
Questions to Ask When Doing a New Critical
Reading (46)1. What complexities (or tensions,
ironies, paradoxes, oppositions, ambiguities) can you find in the work?
2. What idea unifies the work, resolving these ambiguities?
3. What details or images support this resolution (that is, connect the parts to the whole)?
Reactions to New Criticism
Let’s take a look at some sections of Kenneth Koch’s 1956 poem “Fresh Air.” How does he poke fun at New Criticism? How does he challenge
New Critical beliefs?
“The Death of the Author?”:
The Emergence of
Reader Response Criticism “Little Girl
Reading,” Berthe Morisot (1888)
Key Terms for Reader Response Theory
• Transactional Experience –
• Efferent Reading –
• Aesthetic Reading –
• Literary Experience –
• Collective Meaning -
Types of Reader Response Theory
Structuralism –
* Narratology –
Phenomenology -
Reception Theory –
Subjective Criticism -
The Major Names and Texts of Reader Response
Theory• Louise Rosenblatt
(1904 -2004) –
• David Bleich -
• Stanley Fish (1938) –
• Wolfgang Iser (1926) and Hans Robert Jauss (1922-1997) -
The Main Principles of Reader Response Theory
Questions to Ask When Doing
A Reader-Response Reading (67)
1. How do I respond to this work?
2. How does the text shape my response?
3. How might other readers respond?
Responding to Responses
Consider this scene from Masked &Anonymous (Dir. Larry Charles) where we
see three different responses (by Pagan Lace, Bobby Cupid, and Uncle Sweetheart) to the
samesong (Bob Dylan’s “Drifter’s Escape”). Is this an example of Reader Response Criticism?
Do they reach a “collective meaning?” How do you respond to their responses, the
performance, the scene, the song?
Works Cited
Bressler, Charles. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994.
Koch, Kenneth. On the Great Atlantic Railway: Selected Poems 1950-1988. New York: Knopf, 1994.
Lynn, Steven. Texts and Contexts: Writing About Literature with Critical Theory. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005.
Masked & Anonymous. Dir. Larry Charles. Sony, 2003.
Image Sources
Figure 1 - <http://architecture.mit.edu/>Figure 2 - <http://www.gardenzilla.com/>Figure 3 - <http://www.ibilio.org/>