Post on 15-Jul-2015
RATIONALE
To keep using the vocabulary of our language: to borrow to adapt to create new words
The growth and the development
of a language
THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND
Pedoman Umum Ejaan bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan (PU-EYD), (Pusat Bahasa, 2004)
Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah (PUPI), (Moeliono, 1988; Alwi, 1998; Pusat Bahasa, 2007)
Pengindonesiaan Kata dan Ungkapan Asing, (Sugono, 2009)
• the writing system of Indonesian abbreviations and acronyms
• the use of roots, affixation, reduplication, and compounding
• Indonesianization of foreign words through adaption and adaptation
THE WORD FORMATION OF
INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Borrowing Adoption
Adaptation
Translation
Coinage
Derivation Affixation
Reduplication
Abbreviation Acronym
Compounding
WORD FORMATION
SHIFT
Penjabat Pj
Word Formation?
Acronym?, or Clipping?, or Blending?
an indication of forming new words
beyond the system regulated
THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING
PROCESS (ACRONYM)
Borrowing Acronym taking out the initial letters of the words written in capital
letters
(1) Hape dengan radio FM, Facebook & Chatting termurah (NOVA, May 10th – 16th 2010)
The acronym “hape” is written by using the spelling sounds of the initial letters of the word “handphone”
(2) Sepeda motor jenis trail ini disempurnakan dengan teknologi Yamaha Mixture Jet Fuel Injection (YMJet-FI).
(Posmetro Padang, June 24th 2013)
The combination of initial words and a root
THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING
PROCESS (ACRONYM)
(3) Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia (ATVSI) menggelar Indonesia Broadcasting Expo (IBX) di Jakarta (Republika, April 20th 2013)
“X” is not the initial letter of the word representing “Expo”
The letter “X” is written because it is considered representing the sound “Ex”, whereas acronym is formed based on spelling, not a sound.
THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING
PROCESS (ADAPTATION)
(4) Pemda mempunyai peran yang stratejik dalam pembangunan perumahan rakyat (Republika, April 9th 2013)
“-ic” “-ik”: uncommon suffix adaptation in Indonesian language
(5) Adapun asset pada 2011, yakni Rp. 5,3 triliun (Republika, April 9th 2013)
gemination: uncommon Indonesian spelling system
Other Examples:
karier (NOVA, May 10th – 16th 2013)
fondasi (BOLA, April 04th – 05th 2013)
THE SHIFT IN THE
TRANSLATION PROCESS
Translation direct translation and adapted translation
(6) Bedanya terdapat fitur infra merah yang bisa digunakan sebagai remote kontrol pada perangkat yang kompatibel. (PULSA, April 24th – Mei 7th 2013).
The failure in representing the meaning of the word in its language source
“kontrol” in Indonesian language: watching, looking after, keeping an eye on something, or caring for
THE SHIFT IN DERIVATION
PROCESS
Derivation Word formation involving derivational affixes
(7) Untuk menggaet pembeli, ia berencana untuk memanfaatkan blog dan media sosial. “Saya akan membuat blog dan sesering mungkin meng-upload foto produk di facebook dan instagram,” ujar Intan menjelaskan strategi pemasarannya (Tempo, February 11th 2013).
uncommon Indonesian writing system: “-” between the prefix and the root/base
THE SHIFT IN ACRONYM
PROCESS
(8) “GAZA” standing for “Gabungan Anak Jalanan” (a group of street children)
the absence the letter “Z” in the words constituting GAZA
(9) “PLTP” standing for “Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi” (electricity generated through native heat energy)
The absence of the letter “B” that should have represented the word “Bumi”
THE SHIFT IN BLENDING
PROCESS
Blending combining the first syllable of the first word and the last
syllable of the next word(s)
(10) “Pengprov” for “pengurus provinsi” (a province administrator)
a combination of the first syllable of the first and the first syllable of the next word(s)
(11) “Disdik” for “Dinas Pendidikan” (Ministry of Education)
a combination of the first syllable of the first word with the syllable in the middle of the next word(s)
THE SHIFT IN BLENDING
PROCESS
(10) “Diknas” for “Pendidikan Nasional” (National Education)
a combination of the syllable in in the middle of the word and the first syllable of the next word(s)
(11) “Timnas” for “Tim Nasional” (National Team)
a combination of the root or free morpheme with the syllable of the next word(s)
THE SHIFT IN CLIPPING
PROCESS
Clipping clipping an initial part or a final part of the word as in
“prof” for “professor”
(12) “lidik” for “menyelidiki” (investigate)
clipping the initial and the final part of the word
(13) “pj” for ““penjabat” (takeholder)
clipping all of parts of the word syllables, permanently keeping the first letter of the word only , and randomly keeping the other letter
CONCLUSION
TBBBI, PU-EYD, and PUPI
Shift in Word Formation
in line with in contrast to
Standard Word
Formation