Setting the stage for a New Nation

Roots of GovernmentMagna Carta 1215

Limited the power of the king.

Had to ask to raise taxes

Roots of Government

Salutary neglect

Hands off policy

Passed laws but didn’t enforce

Spanish Armada

•1588

•Spain sent its Navy to destroy England.

•England was able to defeat the Armada

Spanish Armada

•The consequence of the defeat. Spain was weakened. England and other countries settled Northern Colonies

Differences in Style

Spanish Destroyed

French traded and left

English settled and stayed

St. Augustine

The first successful settlement in North America

1513

Roanoke - The Lost Colony• Started by Sir Walter Raleigh• Early settlers more interested in Gold than fishing• When Gold ran low, they returned to England• In 1587, Raleigh sent a second group but they arrived too late in

season to plant crops• Their leader (John White) sailed back to England for more

supplies. While there fighting broke out between England and Spain.

• His return was delayed for three years.• When he finally reached the island, the colonist had disappeared.• Carved on the doorpost was the word CROATOAN

JamestownFirst successful English colony in America.

Jamestown

Settled by the river, the land was marshy. The Natives lived deeper into the forest.

Pocahontas “saving” John Smith

Jamestown

While John Smith left, the colony experienced a “starving time. 60 of the 214 lived

John Smith almost killed himself with gun powder.

Two years earlier the colony would have rejoiced. This time they almost died.

Land Disputes•Native-Americans found out what the settlers wanted and cut them off.

•What did they want?

John Rolfe•Married to Pocahontas

•Developed high grade tobacco

•Gave England a reason to care about America

Bacon’s Rebellion•1676

•By 1670 ¼ of free white men were former servants.

•Resented land owners

•Lost the rebellion, but forced laws to change.

New England Colonies

• Massachusetts

• New Hampshire

• Rhode Island

• Connecticut

Why Come?

• These settlers came here mostly for religious freedom.

• Highly religious people.

Subsistence Farming•Growing mainly just enough for your family.

•Sell very little of what you grow

Staple Crops• Crops that are a main

part of the diet– Corn is a prime

example

Town Hall Meetings•Close communities.

•Town meetings to settle problems.

•Met in the Church

Puritan Theocracy

• Church is political

• Punishments come from the Bible

Middle Colonies

• New York• Pennsylvania• Delaware• New Jersey

The Middle Colonies/ Jobs

•Most of the Craftsman and merchant traders came from here.

•Still had some slaves.

Religion• Had religious freedom

throughout• Pennsylvania mostly

Quaker though – William Penn

Why Come?

• Came here for both religious freedom and Jobs/Money

Southern Colonies

• Maryland

• Virginia

• North Carolina

• South Carolina

• Georgia

Importance of Land•Land determines social position. You own land you have power.

•Voting restricted to white male land owners

Commercial Farmers

• Had large farms (plantations) for the purpose of making money.

Cash Crops• Crops that are highly

profitable

Why Come?• Came here for the

purpose of making money

• Land = Power and Money

Charter

A legal document that gives you rights to the land.

Colony

A distant area that is controlled by the home country.

Market

A place to buy and sale goods.

The goal of the Colonies was to create a market for English goods.

Indentured Servant

Work for a term of time and then receive your freedom.

Free trip to the Colonies

Apprentice

Training to become a master craftsman. Work for little or no pay and then you start your own business.

Triangular Trade•Columbian Exchange

•Trading goods between 3 ports.

Plantations•Had to have many slaves to operate.

•Cash crops-crops raised for trade, not consumption. This is industrial agriculture.

Slavery Plantations and Commercial farming led to the need for free labor.

This is a part of the Triangular Trade

Called the Middle Passage

First African Slaves in America were in 1619

Push/Pull Factors

Pull- Good things that draw you to an area.

Push- Bad things that make you leave.

Puritans Wanted to “purify,” clean up the Church of England. They were forced to leave England.

Pilgrims

People that left England for a new home and religious freedom in 1620.

They are Puritans.

Great Migration

Pilgrims leaving England for religious freedom in the mid 1600’s

Trade

The job in which you do or exchanging goods.

The Great Awakening

A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730’s

and 1740’s

Why is it important

• Changed colonial religion• Affected social and political life• Drew people of diff’t regions, classes and

races together• This is one of the few times people from

diff’t colonies exchanged ideas• People were introduced to new ideas,

colonies with less political freedom were introduced to more democratic systems

Enlightenment

A movement that took place during the 1700’s that spread the idea that reason

and logic could improve society

Why is it important

• Ideas of the Enlightenment influenced colonial leaders

• John Locke’s social contract theory – which stated there was a contract between gov’t and citizens

• Also said people had natural rights such as equality and liberty

King Phillip’s War

A conflict that started in 1675 between the Wampanoag, led by Metacomet (also known

as King Phillip) and colonists who wanted Indian lands. Ended in 1676, after 600

colonists and nearly 3,000 Indians had died

Why is it important

• Alliances developed among the colonists and certain Native groups, such as the Iroquois League, and they fought with the colonists against Metacomet.

French and Indian War

War fought between the French and their native allies and the English and their native allies over land in the Ohio

River Valley

Why is it important

• England and the colonists won the war

• Treaty of Paris was signed

• Benjamin Franklin came up with the Albany Plan of Union

• Tried to unite the colonies for the first time

• Didn’t pass, local governments and peoples didn’t want to give up power

Franklin’s political cartoon

Treaty of Paris

Treaty that ended the French and Indian War

Why is it important

• The treaty gave Canada to Britain• Britain also gained all French lands east of

the Mississippi River with the exception of the city of New Orleans and two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

• Britain also received Florida from Spain, who had allied with France

• Changed the balance of power in N.A. Opened up the west to British settlers

Pontiac and his Rebellion

Pontiac was an Ottawa chief who had fought with France, he tried to keep British settlers from coming west. His rebellion started in 1763 within a month he had destroyed or

captured 7 British forts. Surrendered in 1766

PONTIAC = DETROIT

Why is it important

• Britain was scared more fighting would take place if colonists kept moving west

• King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763 – this law banned British settlement west of the Appalachian mountains, and ordered settlers to leave the upper Ohio River valley

• The Proclamation angered colonists and went mostly ignored by them

Navigation Acts

A series of laws passed by the British Parliament between 1650-

1696 limiting colonial trade

Why is it important

• These acts did such things as forbade colonists from trading with other countries

• Required them to use English ships to transport goods

• Required all good to pass through English ports and pay duties or taxes

John Peter Zenger Case

• Officials arrested Zenger claiming he printed false statements about the Gov. of New York thus damaging the Governor’s reputation

• Zenger’s attorney argued that Zenger could publish anything he wanted as long as it was true

Why is it important

• The jury sided with Zenger and his attorney

• This shows that colonists believed that people had a right to voice their opinions and ideas openly without the threat of prosecution.

• This concept would later be guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.