Wireless Sensor Networks

Summary

Introduction

1. Sensor Networks

2. Architecture

3. Application Domain

4. Protocol

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Conclusion

Introduction

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It was noted that routing data from one sensor to the central controller required a costly and cumbersome cabling

The progress made in microelectronics and wireless communication technologies, have produced a reasonable cost components called micro-sensors

The deployment of several micro-sensors to collect and transmit environmental data to one or more collection points, is a network of wireless sensors.

Summary

Introduction

1. Sensor Networks

2. Architecture

3. Application Domain

4. Protocol

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Conclusion

Wireless Sensor

networks

What’s a Wireless Sensor networks ?

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A special type of ad

hoc networks

Capture and transmit

environmental data

autonomously

A large number of

micro-sensors

What’s the environmental data?

Luminosity

vibration

Environmental data

TemperaturePressure

sound

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How it works the sensor networks

Phase 1Phase 1 Phase 2Phase 2 Phase 3Phase 3

The data are captured by different nodes.

Routing data through a multi-hop to a collection point called “sink”.

This collection of "skin" is connected to the user via web or satellite

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Summary

Introduction

1. Sensor Networks

2. Architecture

3. Application Domain

4. Protocol

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Conclusion

Architecture of a Sensor Network(1/2)

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Architecture of a Sensor Network(2/2)

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Architecture of a mote

The Control Unit of Energy

The Transmission Unit

The Processing Unit

The Control Unit

Architecture of a mote

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Architecture of a micro-sensor (1/2)

The capture unit : generally composed of two sub-units: the sensor and an Analog / Digital. The sensor is responsible for providing analog signals based on the phenomenon observed in Analog / Digital. This converts the signals into a digital signal understood by the processing unit.

The processing unit :includes a processor generally associated with a small storage unit and works using an operating system designed for micro-sensors. This unit is responsible for implementing the communications protocols that allow the node to collaborate with other network nodes. It can also analyze data collected to reduce the workload of the node wells.

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Architecture of a micro-sensor (2/2)

The transmission unit : This unit is responsible for conducting all transmitting and receiving data over a wireless medium. It can be either optical or radio-frequency type.

The control unit of Energy : She is responsible for distributing the energy available to other modules and reduce expenses by pausing the active components for example. This unit can also handle systems of charging energy from the observed environment such as solar cells, to extend the total lifetime of the network.

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Summary

Introduction

1. Sensor Networks

2. Architecture

3. Application Domain

4. Protocol

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Conclusion

www.themegallery.com

2:Securityapplication

4:Medical Application

Applications Domain

1: Military applications

3:Environmental

application

5:Commercial application

Location of combatants, vehicles and weapons on the

battlefield

It may be used to monitor patients from a

distance

• Report a possible outbreak of fire

• Detect dry areas

Detect movements of the earth to predict earthquake

Facilitate stock management

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Summary

Introduction

1. Sensor Networks

2. Architecture

3. Application Domain

4. Protocol

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Conclusion

Protocol

The protocol exploited in wireless sensor networks is Zigbee:

ZigBee is a protocol for high-level communications of small radio stations (with reduced consumption), based on the IEEE 802.15.4 networks for personal dimension (Wireless Personal Area Networks: WPAN).

We find this protocol in "embedded systems" where consumption is a criterion of selection. It is known by his reduced consumption.

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ZigBee stack

The PHY layer has been designed for high integration needs at low cost.

The MAC (Media Access Control) has been designed to integrate multiple topologies without complexity.

The NWK layer has been designed to allow the network to expand with transmitters at low power consumption and to manage a large number of nodes with a very low latency.

The ZigBee application layer consists of layers sublayer Application Support (APS), ZigBee Device Object (ZDO) and the Application Framework defined

by the manufacturers.

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Summary

Introduction

1. Sensor Networks

2. Architecture

3. Application Domain

4. Protocol

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Conclusion

Conclusion

A problem related to the location is the placement of nodes in a sensor network, that mean how to position the nodes to each other.

With the new technology, it has found the best way to improve the environment.

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LOGO

Thank you for your attention