Post on 27-Dec-2015
Senior University Fall 2008
The Phantom Science Session 5
From the Fall of the Roman Empire to Columbus
What a Ride!!!
The Streams which turn theMachinery of the World take their Rise in Solitary Places
Set Your Watch on Mountain Time
dbeau1@suddenlink.net
A Review:World’s Earliest Civilizations
Review
Review:Out of the Flood Plain & into the Hills Roman Empire: 146 BC to 476 AD
Notice theMovementTo the West
The First 1000 Years ADThe Fall of the Roman Empire
The Advent of Christianity
The Rise of the Muslim Empire
The Rise of the Franks (France & Spain)
The Appearance of the HunsThe Struggle for the Iron and Coal of Europe begins in Earnest
Fall of Rome
Islam
The First 1000 Years AD
The World Early in the First1000 years AD (The Roman Empire)
Review: Natural Resources of Roman Empire
Po RiverFlood plain
Iron Iron
Roman Empire: Getting Started
Focus on Northern Italy
Iron Iron
Iron
Northern Italy: Homeland Natural Resources
Coal
The materials of War!
The World Early in the First1000 years AD (The Roman Empire)
What did Rome gain in France?
Natural Resources of France
What did Rome gain in Spain?
Northern SpainIron, Coal, and Tin
What did Rome gain in Southern Spain?
Tin
Southern SpainCopper and Coal
What did Rome gain in Britain?
The World Early in the First1000 years AD (The Roman Empire)
What did Rome gain in Britain?
Natural Resources of Great Britain
Focusing on England and Wales
Natural Resources of England & Wales
CoalIronTin
What did Rome gain in North Africa?
The World Early in the First1000 years AD (The Roman Empire)
What did Rome gain in North Africa?
Natural Resources of North Africa
CoalIron
Natural resources of Egypt
Natural Resources of Egypt
Iron
Natural resources of Greece
Natural Resources of Greece
Greek Greek Greek Greek
CoalIronCopper
What did Rome gain in Turkey?
The World Early in the First1000 years AD (The Roman Empire)
What did Rome gain in Turkey?
CoalIronCopper
Now, the Mid First Millennium AD
What did Rome gain in Turkey?
The World in the Early First 1000 years AD
Parthia: Iraq & IranNatural Resources of the Middle East
CoalIronCopper
Natural Resources: Parthia (Persia)
Metal Resources in Iran
The World Early in the First1000 years AD (The Roman Empire)
The Huns
Gold
The Natural Resources of the Huns (eastern Russia)
CoalIronCopperTin
Land of the Huns
Natural Resources Eastern Russia
Land of the Huns
CoalIronCopperTin
Huns move to Germany in mid-Millennium
The Franks Acquire the Metals of France and Spain
Only India (Gupta) remains a flood plains Empire
China has always been “Hill Country” due to hills’ next to rivers
The World about Mid-Millennium
Let’s look at the Huns of Germany and western Russia
The Huns Acquire the Metals of Central Europe (Germany & west Russia)
Northern Germany
Down In Central Germany
Central GermanyIron, Coal and Copper
And in Austria and Hungary
Hungary and Austria
Central Germany and Austria-Hungary
Natural Resources of Western Russia
Natural Resources Western Russia
CoalIronCopper
Part of Hun Empire
Toward the end of the 1st Millennium
Toward the end of the 1st Millennium
The MuslimEmpire
World Empires and ReligionsEmpires that produced a sustained religion
India: Ganges River flood plain= HinduismChina: Yellow River flood Plain=ConfucianismIndia (Tibet): Himalayan Mountains=Buddhism
A Religion that produced an Empire
Islam: Out of the Saudi Desert
Hinduism Hinduism
00
50050010001000 2000200015001500500500
BuddhismBuddhism
Judaism Judaism
ChristianityChristianity
IslamIslam
IslamIslam
Mohammed (AD 570-632) Mecca, Saudi Arabia Prophet of God
ConfucianismConfucianism
Hinduism Hinduism
00
50050010001000 2000200015001500500500
ConfucianismConfucianism
Judaism Judaism
ChristianityChristianity
IslamIslam
Buddhism Buddhism
10001000
Greece Rome Islam EmpireIslam Empire
Beginning in the desert ofBeginning in the desert ofSaudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
Muslim Expansion: Out of the Desert!
EgyptIraq & Iran
Amazing Expansion by Military Conquest
Mohammed (AD 570-632) Mecca, Saudi Arabia Prophet of God
World Conquests (acquiring resources)
637 Jerusalem640 Persia (India part)689 North Africa711 Spain
Conquests: 634 Syria
Muslim Expansion West through Africa and East to India (worlds best steel!!)
In India, got steel-making technologybrought it to Europe (Damascus Steel)
From North Africa into Spain and on into France. The Battle of Tours
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Battle of Tours, 732 AD
Greece Rome Islam EmpireIslam Empire
Battle of Tours: Most important Battle in History of the West!!! Gave “Western Christianity” the Natural Resources (metals) of Europe
Gave Western Europe the “Simple” Geology of Great Britain, France and Germany
Battle of Tours 732
Muslim ExpansionStopped in France
Musli
ms
Franks
Remember the Natural Resources of the Franks
Battle atTours
Franks
Mus
lims
The Natural Resources of the Franks
Toward the end of the 1st Millennium
The Vikings
Vikings: Norway & Sweden
IronCopper
An isolated nation in Africa
Toward the end of the 1st Millennium
Ghana
Ghana
Ghana: Gold! 1000 AD to 1700 ADThe Struggle for Europe
1000 AD to 1700 ADThe Struggle for Europe
The Crusades to Columbus
Who will control the Iron & Coal of Europe
Who will control the Soul & Mind of Europe
Who controls the Iron & Coal of Europe
Who wants Europe’s Natural Resources?
Population of Today’s Eastern Hemisphere
The StageThe Iron &Coal Prize
The Struggle for the Iron & Coal of Europe
The Players
Who wants Europe’s Natural Resources?
Where are the Iron and Coal Resources of “Europe”?
Spain
FranceBritain
GermanyRussia
Turkey
North Africa
Where will the Intellectual Struggle take place?
The Struggle for the Soul & Mind of Europe
The Stage
The Actors
RomeSpain
France
Britain GermanyRussia
The Military Christian Mind: The Crusades
First Crusade: 1097 to 1099 AD
Early Christian use of Steel
Iron
Crusaders
Jerusalem
States Created by First Crusade
States Created by First Crusade
Fatal Strategic Disadvantage of Christian Palestine. No Access to Iron
The Struggle for the Iron & Coal of Europe
Remember the Action
The Principal“Players”
The Iron &Coal Prize
The Struggle for the Iron & Coal of Europe
The Mongol Empires 1200 AD – 1380 AD
A Closer Look
The Mongol Empires 1200 AD – 1380 AD
Land of the Huns
RussianMetals
Competition for the Riches of the Far East The Tables are turned from West to East in the late 1400’s AD
The MetalsOf China
The metals of Iran
Muslims
Christians
Christian Europe vs Muslim Africa-Middle East
Competition for the Riches of the Far East
Europe’sMetals &Coal
Marco Polo’s Route
Metals & Spices of China
Tin, Copper,& IronThe Competition Ends in the Christian Discovery
of the New World of North and South America
Columbus commissioned by Spain to find the short cut to China by sailing west
Europe divides up the Western Hemisphere Muslim Empire in Eclipse
Scientific Achievementsby the time of Columbus
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Spherical Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD Sun center of our solar system
Tour
s
Greece Rome
Mar
co P
olo
Scientific Achievements by 1500 AD1. Marco Polo proves the size of the Eurasian supercontinent2. Spherical Earth3. Sun Center of Our Solar System
Muslims Empire
Colu
mbu
s
Medieval and Renaissance Times Theories on Earth ShapesOne Super Continent (Eurasia & Africa)Marco Polo: 1271-1295 opens China
Earth a Sphere, 250 BC-1492 AD 200 BC Greek philosophers,
100 AD Marinus of Tyre,150 AD Ptolemy,
1492 AD Columbus
Natural Science (geology) after 1500 ADwas strongly influenced by Bible account of a Recent Creation & a Catastrophic Flood
Yet, there were a few famous doubters
1500 Early Renaissance Leonardo de Vinci: Questioning of Biblical Flood
Layered fossil rich rocks far from the Sea.1. too far from sea to have crawled2. some unbroken, not swept in3. fossil beds mixed with non fossil beds
Conclusion: Fossils beds not evidence of Noah’s Flood
And now finally, a Geological Textbook on Mining!!
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Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD Sun center of our universe
Tour
s
Crusades
Greece Rome
Mar
co P
olo
Da V
inci
De R
e M
etal
lica
Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First mining textbook, “De Re Metallica”
Colu
mbu
s 149
2
A First Geological Textbook
Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First Mining Textbook, “De Re Metallica”Translated by the Hoovers from the Latin
Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover Observations on “De Re Metallica”
Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover Observations on “De Re Metallica”
Considering the part which the metallic arts have played in human history, the paucity of their literature down to Agricola’s time is amazing.
No doubt the (metallic) arts were jealously guarded by their practitioners as a sort of stock-in-trade, and it is probable that those who had knowledge were not usually of a literary turn of mind; and, on the other hand, the small army of writer prior to his time were not much interested in the description of industrial pursuits.
EgyptAssyriaPhoeniciaGreecePersiaItaly
Earliest Sources of Copper Ore Before 3000 BC
Extensive NOTES by the Hoovers on Mining History
Mining Scenes from De Re Metallica
Mining Scenes from De Re Metallica
Above ground
Under ground
Fire & Waterused to break rocks
Mining Scenes from De Re Metallica
Hoovers on Iron and Bronze ages
The archaeologists’ divisions---Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages---may serve (them but) metallurgists have not hesitated to protest. No doubt (their ages) represent the sequence in which the metal objects are found, yet it by no means follows that was the order of their discovery. Note: p.420
Hoovers on Iron and Bronze ages
A small sample of the Hoovers notes on the history of Ore Mining
A small sample of the Hoovers notes on the history of Ore Mining
Some Great Minds in Natural Science in the 1500 & 1600’s
Geology inMedieval and Renaissance Times
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) fossil shells are remains of once-living marine shell fish.
Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First mining textbook, “De Re Metallica”
Conrad Gesner 1565, “Fossils, Shells, & Gems
Medieval and Renaissance TimesSun, not Earth, Solar System Center
Copernicus, 1543.
Galileo, 1642
Sir Isaac Newton, 1687
Medieval and Renaissance Times1600’s Noah’s Flood responsible for all rocks and fossils.
Werner = NeptunismBurnet = CatastrophismWoodward = Fossils
1600’s Consensus: Job 12:10 “that the hand of the Lord hasdone all these things (NOT TOO LONG AGO)”
The Recent Creation of Earth
Bishop Ussher, 1452 to 1519
Biblical Chronology: Creation 4004 BC
Martin Luther: Comments on Genesis Creation
“When Moses writes that God created heaven and earth and whatever is in them in six days, then let this period continue to have been six days, and do not venture to devise any comment according to which six days were one day. But, if you cannot understand how this could have been done in six days, then grant the Holy Spirit the honor of being more learned than you are.”
Martin Luther: Comments on Genesis Creation
Time Line: Some Important Events
1550155014001400 170017001650165014501450 15001500 16001600
Time Line: Some Important EventsCo
pern
icus,
1543
Galile
o, 1
642
Sir I
saac
New
ton,
168
7
1492
AD C
olum
bus
Leonardo de vinci 1452-1519
Bish
op U
sshe
r Chr
onol
ogy
Luth
er, 9
5 The
ses
PRIN
TING
None of these Monumental Events are Particularly Geologic, but
At the close of the 17th Century Natural Philosophy (geology) was inharmony with the Western Ecclesiastical,Political, & Economic Power Structure of the Time!
THIS HARMONY WOULD NOT LAST LONG!! Next Week: Our last session together!
Senior University Fall 2008
The Phantom Science Session 6
The Rise & Fall(?) of the West
The Fat Lady Sings
All This Belongs to You