Seminar on Renewable Energy Technology implementation in Thailand

Experience transfer from Europe

co‐organised by the Delegation of the European Union to Thailand and the Department of Alternative Energy Development and 

Efficiency Ministry of EnergyEfficiency, Ministry of Energy

PV Performance: Impact to the gridM Titi S t h PhDMs.Titiporn Sangpetch, PhD

System Planning DivisionElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)y g y ( )

October 4, 2012

OutlineOutline1. Introduction

2. Current status of Thailand’s ESI

3. Evolutionary challenges on renewable energy policies

4 EGAT’s practices for grid impact assessment4. EGAT s practices for grid impact assessment

5. PV performance and its impact to the grid

6. Proposed optimal path to integrating solar generation

4 October 2012 2

1 Introduction1. Introduction

• Reduction of CO2 Emission

• Growing demand for green energy from new and renewable

resources

• More distributed generations (DG) and integration ofMore distributed generations (DG) and integration of

intermittent renewable energy onto the power system

M i t i i th t ‘ li bl d t bl ’ i l• Maintaining the power system ‘reliable and stable’ in long-run

in use of high energy efficiency manner

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2 Current Status2. Current Status

DG

Generation Transmission Distribution CustomersSPP

(7%)IPP

(39.6%)EGAT(46.6%)

VSPP(<<1%)

Import(6.7%)

Generation

EGAT (100%)Transmission

PEA(68%)

MEA(30%)

Direct Customer(2%)

Distribution

Customers Customers

Note: Reference on 31 July 2012

4 October 2012 4

Note: Reference on 31 July 2012

2 Current StatusInstalled Capacity 32,184.7 MW

2. Current Status

((August August 20122012))

Peak Demand 26,121.1 MW ((26 26 April April 20122012))

Combine CycleCombine CycleThermal Thermal

Combine CycleCombine Cycle1177,,548548..00 MWMW

5555%%

88,,589589..77 MWMW2727%%

RE RE 55 622622 66 MWMW

Gas Turbine & DieselGas Turbine & Diesel 124124..44 MWMW 00..33%%

55,,622622..66 MWMW 1717%%

Renewable Energy Renewable Energy 55 622622 66 MWMW

TNB (HVDC) TNB (HVDC) 300300..0 0 MWMW 11%%

55,,622622..66 MWMW

Thai Hydro Thai Hydro Laos Hydro Laos Hydro 11,,884884..66 MWMW

Domestic 3,738.0 MW (12%)Laos 1,884.6 MW ( 6%)

33,,436436..22 MWMW6161%%

BiomassBiomass

OthersOthers 44..5 5 MWMW 00..11%%

3434%%

BiomassBiomass297297..33 MWMW

55%% 5

2 Current Status2. Current Status

นํ้างมึ115 kV ทา่แขก

22 kVสวุรรณเขต

230 kV

เทนิหนิบนุ230 kVNorthern

Area

Installed : 3 515 24 MW

Installed : 3,364.67 MWPeak : 2,606.35 MW

Export EDL : 291.50 MW System Voltages (kV)

Substations Transmission 

No.Tx. 

Rating  (cct.‐km.)ุ115 kV

เซเซต115 kV

230 kV

230 & 500 kV115 & 230 kV

หว้ยเฮาะ

North-Eastern Area

Installed : 3,515.24 MWPeak : 2,451.24 MW

( ) g(MVA)

( )

500 11 20,849.99 3,469.541

230 70 49,560.04 14,133.055

115 130 14 598 74 13 329 364230 kVCentral RegionInstalled : 19,807.13 MW

Peak : 9,066.95 MW

Installed : 2,348.0 MWP k 9 650 16 MW

Metro Area

115 130 14,598.74 13,329.364

132 ‐ 133.40 8.705

69 ‐ 0 18.80

300  388 02 22 988

115 & 230 kV

Peak : 9,650.16 MW

Installed Capacity        31,450.72  MW

300(HVDC)

‐ 388.02 22.988

211 85,530.19 30,982.453

Note: Reference on July 2012 

Southern Area

300 MW - HVDC

Installed : 2,415.68 MWPeak : 2,054.90 MW

Peak Demand               26,121.10  MWNote: Reference on 26 April 2012 

115 & 132 kV

6

3 RE Policy Challenges3. RE Policy Challenges

Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2012-2021)

(targeting @ 9,198 MW by 2021)

15-year Renewable Energy Development Plan (REDP 2008 2022)

( g g @ y )

Development Plan (REDP 2008 - 2022) (targeting @ 5,608 MW by 2022)

Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS 2004)

7

3 RE Policy Challenges

Type Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Biogas MSW Tides & TotalTotal

3. RE Policy Challenges

Type Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Biogas MSW Waves TotalTotal

As of 2011 747 138 3 31 106 21 2 11,,048048

Additional(2012 2030) 2,602 3,802 1,974 705 46 353 - 99,,482482(2012-2030) 2,602 3,802 1,974 705 46 353 99,,482482

Grand Total 3,349 3,940 1,977 736 152 374 2 1010,,530530

MW

10,000

12,000

H dH d 736736 MWMWBiogas:Biogas: 152 152 MWMW

MSW:MSW: 374 374 MWMW

Tides & Waves: Tides & Waves: 2 2 MWMWTotal Capacity at the end of 2030 : 10,530 MWMW

AEDP

6,000

8,000Wind:Wind: 11,,977 977 MWMW

Solar:Solar: 33,,940 940 MWMW

Hydro:Hydro: 736 736 MWMWAEDP

2,000

4,000

Biomass:Biomass: 33,,349 349 MWMW

0

2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 8

4 EGAT’s Practices

S l l t

4. EGAT s Practices

Solar power plant :

• Contracted capacity : 55 MWContracted capacity : 55 MW

• Connecting point : 115 kV Chai Badan Substation

• Test run: 8 MW – on 22 Dec. 201140 MW – on 12 Feb. 2012 only EP40 MW on 12 Feb. 20127 MW – in Mar. 2012

• COD: March 2012

only EP

(EP + adder)• COD: March 2012 (EP + adder)

4 October 2012 9

4 EGAT’s Practices

1) Power flow study

4. EGAT s Practices

1) Power flow study Normal operation with Solar Project

N-1 (115 kV TTK-CBD tripped) N 1 (115 kV TTK CBD tripped)

N-1 (115kV CBD-LB2 tripped)

2) Short-circuit study2) Short circuit study 3-phase faults

Single-line to ground faultg g

3) Transient stability study 3-phase faults at 115 kV CBD + Faults clearedp

3-phase faults at 115 kV CBD + 115 kV CBD-LB2 tripped

3 Phase Faults at 115 kV CBD + 115 kV CBD-TTK trippedNote: Faults clearing-time is 140 ms. ( 7 Cycles)

4 October 2012 10

4 1) Power Flow Study4.1) Power Flow Study

Normal operation with Solar Project (system peak 2012) Normal operation with Solar Project (system peak 2012)

4 October 2012 11

4 1) Power Flow Study

Normal operation with Solar Project (system peak 2015)

4.1) Power Flow Study

Normal operation with Solar Project (system peak 2015)

4 October 2012 12

4 1) Power Flow Study

N 1 h 115 kV TTK CBD i t i d ( t k 2012)

4.1) Power Flow Study

N-1, when 115 kV TTK-CBD is tripped. (system peak 2012)

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4 1) Power Flow Study

N 1 h 115 kV TTK CBD i t i d ( t k 2015)

4.1) Power Flow Study

N-1, when 115 kV TTK-CBD is tripped. (system peak 2015)

4 October 2012 14

4 1) Power Flow Study

N 1 h 115 kV CBD LB2 i t i d ( t k 2012)

4.1) Power Flow Study

N-1, when 115 kV CBD-LB2 is tripped. (system peak 2012)

4 October 2012 15

4 1) Power Flow Study

N 1 h 115 kV CBD LB2 i t i d ( t k 2015)

4.1) Power Flow Study

N-1, when 115 kV CBD-LB2 is tripped. (system peak 2015)

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4 2) Short-circuit study4.2) Short-circuit study 3-phase fault at CBD

4 October 2012 17

4 2) Short-circuit study4.2) Short-circuit study

Single-line to ground fault at CBD g g

4 October 2012 18

4 3) Transient study

3 phase fault at 115 kV CBD + Fault cleared (S t P k 2012)

4.3) Transient study

3-phase fault at 115 kV CBD + Fault cleared (System Peak 2012)

4 October 2012 19

4 3) Transient study

3-phase fault at 115 kV CBD + Fault cleared (System Peak 2015)

4.3) Transient study

3 phase fault at 115 kV CBD + Fault cleared (System Peak 2015)

4 October 2012 20

4 3) Transient study4.3) Transient study

3-phase fault at 115 kV CBD + 115 kV CBD-LB2 tripped (system peak 2012)

4 October 2012 21

4 3) Transient study

3-phase fault at 115 kV CBD + 115 kV CBD-LB2 tripped (system peak 2015)

4.3) Transient study

3 phase fault at 115 kV CBD + 115 kV CBD LB2 tripped (system peak 2015)

4 October 2012 22

4 3) Transient study

3-phase fault at 115kV CBD + 115kV CBD-TTK tripped (system peak 2012)

4.3) Transient study

p pp ( y p )

4 October 2012 23

4 3) Transient study

3-phase fault at 115kV CBD + 115kV CBD-TTK tripped (system peak 2015)

4.3) Transient study

p pp ( y p )

4 October 2012 24

5. PV performance and its impact to the gridgrid

5.1 PV performances5.2 Its impact to the grid

254 October 2012

5 1 PV Performance5.1 PV Performance

Fig. 1 Variation of solar power plant demonstrating through its generation profile over one year observation

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5 1 PV Performance5.1 PV Performance

Fig. 2 Chronological variation of solar power plant demonstrating throughout its generation profile over one year observation

274 October 2012

5 1 PV Performance5.1 PV Performance

Summary of dependable capacity factor of RE power plants within

Plant Factor Dependable Capacity (%)

Summary of dependable capacity factor of RE power plants within EGAT system

Fuel Types Plant Factor (%) 12 months (8,760 hr.) at peak‐time 

of the year*Solar 14 0 27Solar 14 0 27Wind 12 2 2Biomass 30 15 36Biogas 22 7 0Municipal Solid Waste 43 32 36Mi i h dMini‐hydro 50 27 36

Note: System peak-time is at 14:00 -15:00 hr. during March – May of the year

284 October 2012

5 2 Impact to the Grid5.2 Impact to the Grid

• Impacts of high penetration of solar PV generationonto power grid

• voltage and power flow fluctuation

• Frequency fluctuation

• Difficulty of demand-supply management

4 October 2012 29

5 2 Impact to the Grid5.2 Impact to the Grid

Bus Voltage ( 115 kV Feeder)

120 0

122.0

124.0

Bus Voltage ( 115 kV Feeder)

114.0

116.0

118.0

120.0

kV

108.0

110.0

112.0

106.0

TIME Voltage (Before)

Voltage (After)

Example of voltage fluctuation – before and after having the transmission system reinforcement in order to improve the system voltages and to enhance system reliability.

Voltage (After)

4 October 2012 30

5 2 Impact to the Grid5.2 Impact to the Grid

30.0

40.0

MW (115 kV feeder from PV plant)

12.0

14.0

MVAR (115 kV Feeder from PV plant)

0.0

10.0

20.0

MW 6.0

8.0

10.0

MVA

R

40 0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

M

0.0

2.0

4.0

-40.0

TIME MW (Before)MW (After)

TIME MVAR (Before)MVAR (After)

Example of power fluctuation – before and after having the transmission system reinforcement in order to improve the system voltages and to enhance system reliability.

4 October 2012 31

6. Proposed optimal path to integrating the solar generationthe solar generation6.1 System criteria to follow6.2 Countermeasures to consider6.3 Methodology for long-term power system planning

324 October 2012

6 1 System criteria6.1 System criteria

• Economic efficiency

• Environmental compatibilityConsiderations

Environmental compatibility

• System reliability/ parameters:

– load demand in multiple yearsGen.

Adequacy1. Existence of sufficient facilities to satisfy Load D d

Security1. Ability of the system to respond to System Disturbances – load demand in multiple years

– adequacy of energy

– capacity credits of RE power plantsTrans.

Demand

2. To be associated with Static Conditions (not including system disturbances)

Disturbances

2. To be associated with dynamic conditions and transient behavior

3. System disturbances dealing with: capacity credits of RE power plants

– availability / outage rate

• Robustness of energy security

Dist.Gens+T&D = Loadallpoints

dealing with:• Loss of major Gen• Loss of Trans. Facilities

• Robustness of energy securitySystem reliability

334 October 2012

6 2 Countermeasures6.2 Countermeasures

• Improvement of load following capability • Reduction of minimum operation of existing and new thermal

/ hydro power plants

• Improvement of RE forecast

• Demand activation

• Utilization of energy storage, e.g.gy g , g– Hydro pumped storage power plant,

– Battery storage,y g ,

– Etc.

344 October 2012

6 3 Proposed methodology6.3 Proposed methodology

Data of eachobservation point

Available current and future load assets and other

Generation analysis includingload, assets, and other

conditions analysis, including smoothing effect

Load frequency control analysis and other

l i

Probabilistic production analysis, using Load Duration

C (LDC)

Time series load dispatch analysis, using Time Series Load

C

analysis

Curve (LDC) Curve

Generation and Transmission Operation Cost Operation

ConstraintsTransmission Expansion Analysis Analysis Constraints

Evaluation

System expansion planning / system reinforcement

planning 35

THANK YOU!

Contact Information:

Ms. Titiporn Sangpetch, PhDSystem Planning DivisionElectricity Generating Authority of Thailandec c y Ge e a g u o y o a a dTel. +66 2436 3542 / E-mail: titiporn.s@egat.co.th

4 October 2012 36