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B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 1
SEMESTER : I CORE : I
CREDITS : 4 COURSE CODE : U16BT101
CELL BIOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To make the student to understand the basic concepts of cell
and its functions.
OUTCOME: On successful completion of the course the student will be able to understand structural features, organelles and the cellular mechanisms.
UNIT-I
Discovery-Cell theory-Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes- Cellular Organelles:
Structure, Organization and Functions of Plasma membrane, Nucleus & nucleolus, Mitochondria.
UNIT-II
ER-rough and smooth, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Plastids, Vacuoles,
Lysosomes, Peroxisomes andMicrobodies.
UNIT-III
Cell junction. Overview, Structure and Organization of Micro tubules and Microfilaments-Cell movement.
UNIT-IV
Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis-Cell Cycle-Regulation of Cell Cycle- Cell
signaling- (adrenalin receptors, acetylcholinereceptors, insulin receptors) Programmed Cell Death.
UNIT-V
Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation, Recombination -
Generalized and Site specific in bacteria- Holiday model.Oncogenic cells.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Gupta. P.K. 2005. Cell and Molecular biology. Rastogi Publications, India.
REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Harvey Lodish et al. 2002. ―Molecular Cell Biology‖, Fourth Edition,
W.H.Freeman& Company, New York.
2. Geoffrey M Cooper, Robert E Hausman. 2004. ―The Cell-A Molecular Approach‖, Third Edition, ASM Press, Washington.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 2
3. Gerald Karp. 2001. ―Cell and Molecular Biology‖, Third edition, John
Wiley & Sons, New York. 4. Alberts et al. 2003. ―Essential Cell Biology: An Introduction to the
Molecular Biology of the Cell‖, Second edition. Garland Science Taylor&
Francis Group, New York. 5. David Freifelder. 1990. ―Essentials of molecular biology‖, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 3
SEMESTER : I ALLIED : I
CREDITS : 3 COURSE CODE : U16BT1Y1
FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To make the students to understand the fundamentals of
microbes.
OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course of students will be able to understand the origin of microbes and their contribution in life.
To know the use of microscopes and sterilization techniques.
Gain knowledge on the contributions of great scientists towards the
growth of microbiology.
UNIT-I
Definition and scope of microbiology – History of microbiology. The origin
of microbial life – Theory of spontaneous generation. Contributions of
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Robert Koch.
UNIT-II
Microscopy – Simple, compound, Darkfield, Phase contrast, Fluorescence & Electron Microscopy. Microbial evolution and diversity –
Binomial nomenclature of Microbes. Classification of three kingdom, five
kingdom concept and domain concept.
UNIT-III
Microbial growth – Growth curve measurement of microbial growth –
Measurement of cell number, Measurement of cell mass. Factors
affecting growth.
UNIT IV
Anatomy of prokaryotes – Cell wall, Cytoplasmic membrane, Cilia, Flagella, Capsule andSporulation.
UNIT-V
Sterilization – Methods of sterilization and Disinfection. Antimicrobial
chemotherapy – Tests for sensitivity to Antimicrobial agents.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 4
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Pelczar Jr. M.J. Chan. E.C.S and Kreig.N.R 2006."Microbiology"- 5th
Edition McGraw Hill Inc. New York.
2. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. 2005. A Text book of microbiology. S.
Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine & L. Case, 2001, Microbiology an Introduction. Benjamin Cummings, U.S.A.
2. Danial Lim, 1998, Microbiology, McGrawHill Companies, New York.
3. Stainer, R.Y., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis, M.L and Painter, P.R. 1986.
"General Microbiology" -Mac Milan Education Ltd. London
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 5
SEMESTER : I CORE PRAC : I
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT1P1
CELL BIOLOGY LAB
1. Mitosis in onion root tips.
2. Barr body staining from buccal epithelial cells.
3. Preparation of giant /polytene chromosomes from chironomous larvae.
4. DNA isolation from buccal cells.
5. Cell Staining – Cytochemical Methods for Demonstration of Cellular and
sub-cellular components.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1 Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa
Book House.
2. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.
6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 6
SEMESTER : I ALLIED PRAC : I
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE :U16BTYP1
FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY LAB
1. Sterilization principle and methods-moist heat - dry heat and filtration
methods.
2. Media preparation: Liquid media, Solid media, Agar deep, Agar slants,
Agar plates.
3. Pure culture technique: Streak plate, pour plate, spread plate, decimal
dilution.
4. Cultural characteristics of microorganisms: Growth on different media, growth characteristics and description.
5. Microscopy: Light microscopy.
6. Motility demonstration: Hanging drop preparation.
7. Staining techniques: smear preparation, simple staining, Gram‘s
staining.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1 Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa
Book House.
2. Gunasekaran, P. 2007. Lab Manual in Microbiology. New Age
International Publications.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 7
SEMESTER : II CORE : II
CREDITS : 6 COURSE CODE : U16BT202
BIOCHEMISTRY
OBJECTIVE: To gain knowledge about the structure and properties of
biomolecules and their biochemical reactions.
OUTCOME : On successful completion of the course thestudentswill be able to understand the basic metabolism, reaction pathway and thekinetics of
reaction.
UNIT - I
Basic chemistry in life science: Origin of life. Concept of biomolecules, polymerisation, formation of polymers. Structure and properties of water.
Strong and weak bonds-Covalent bonds, dipoles, ionic, hydrogen bonds,
hydrophobic interaction, Vander waals forces, functional group. Measurement of pH, determination ofpKa (Henderson Harselbalch equation).
Buffers, buffer actions (strong & weak acids) and biological buffer systems.
UNIT - II
Carbohydrates: Classification, properties, structure and biological functions
of mono, di Oligo and polysaccharides. Estimation of carbohydrates.
UNIT - III
Amino acids & Proteins: Structure, classification, physical and chemical
properties. Proteins: classification and Biological importance. Primary
structure, Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure- forces stabilizing the structure of proteins. Denaturation, precipitation, separation by
solubility differences- isoelectric pH. Estimation of proteins.
UNIT - IV
Lipids and Vitamins: Nomenclature, classification and Biological
significance. Estimation of lipids. Vitamins- Source, structure, biological role, daily requirement and deficiency manifestation of vitamin A, B, C, D, E
and K.
UNIT - V
Nucleic acids & Enzymes: Types of DNA and RNA. Composition and structure- their biological importance hydrolysis of nucleic acids by acids,
bases and enzymes. Denaturation and renaturation. Estimation of Nucleic
acids. Enzymes: Nomenclature and classification, enzyme activity; Factors affecting activity, enzyme kinetics - MM equation.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 8
TEXT BOOK:
1. Jain, J.L., Sunjay Jain and Nitin Jain. 2010. Fundamentals of
Biochemistry, FifthEdition, S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. 2010. Biochemistry, 7th Edition.
W.H.Freeman, USA. 2. Campbell, M.K., Farrell, S.O. 2007. Biochemistry, 6th Edition. Brooks
Cole Publishing Company, USA.
3. Mathews, C. K., Van Holde, K.E., Ahern, K.G. 2000. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition. Addison Wesley, USA.
4. Voet, D., Voet, J.G. and Pratt, C.W. 2008. Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd
Edition. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 5. Zubay, G.L. 1995. Biochemistry, 7th Edition. William C Brown
Publishers, NewYork.
6. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition. W.H Freeman and Company, USA.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 9
SEMESTER : II ALLIED : II
CREDITS : 4 COURSE CODE : U16BT2Y2
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the principles of Microbiology and to emphasize the
applications of microbes in different fields.
To create awareness in solving the problems related to microbial
infections.
OUTCOMES:
Acquire knowledge related to the applications of microbes in various
fields
Apply their knowledge in the various fields of microbiology
Explore the art of employing microbes in various commercial products
UNIT –I
Isolation and purification of Enzymes from microbes – Industrial enzymes:
Important Enzymes – Application in food, leather, textile, paper, detergent,
pharmaceutical industries – Role of transformed microorganism in Enzyme production.
UNIT-II
Pharmaceuticals: Production of ethanol, antibiotics, amino acids, organic
acids, vitamins by conventional and Recombinant organisms.
UNIT-III
Agriculture : Biofertilizer, Bio-control of Microbial pathogens,
Biopesticides plant promoters, Secondary metabolites.
UNIT-IV
Waste recycling, Industrial effluent treatment – Dairy: Importance of
microbes in dairy and Dairy products.
UNIT-V
Microbial Disease- Bacterial (Cholera, Typhoid), Protozoan (Malaria), Viral
disease (HIV), Fungal (Candidiasis), Zoonotic and Nosocomial infections
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 10
TEXT BOOK:
1. Chan E.C.S. and Noel R.K. 2010. Microbiology (Pelczar). An Application
Based Approach. Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New
Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Subba Rao, N.S 1995, Soil Microorganism and plant growth, oxford and IBH publishing co.pvt. Ltd.
2. Frazier, W.C and Westhoff, D.C 1988 Food microbiology, 4th edition. McGraw Hill NY.
3. Adams M.M. R and Moss M.O. 1995, Food microbiology. New International (P) Ltd. Publishers.
4. Alexander 1997, Introduction to soil Microbiology. John WileyandSoms.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 11
SEMESTER : II CORE PRAC : I
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT2P1
BIOCHEMISTRY LAB
1. Preparation of solutions: Percentage of solutions: Normality, Molarity,
Molality
2. pHmetry -Determination of pH from unknown biological samples using pH paper and pH meter.
3. Colorimetry – Preparation of standard curve and estimate the concentration of solute in an unknown sample
4. Estimation of biomolecules: 1.Sugars –Anthrone method 2. Proteins –Bradford method 3. Lipids- Zak‘s method
5 . Chromatography –Paper Chromatography - Determining the Rf value of aminoacids and its separation Thin layer Chromatography- Separation
of Plant pigments
6. Demonstration of gel electrophoresis.(PAGE/AGE)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. ArunRastogi, Mathur, N.B.L Mathur, N.B. L., 2010. An Introduction to
PracticalBiochemistry. Anmol Publications, India.
2. Joshi, R.A. and Saraswat, M. 2002. A textbook of practical Biochemistry.
JainPublishers private limited, India.
3. Malhotra, V.K. 2003. Practical Biochemistry for students. Jaypee
BrothersPublishers, India.
4. Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa Book House.
5. B Sashidhar Rao and Vijay Deshpande, 2009. Experimental Biochemistry, I K International Publishing House,
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 12
SEMESTER : II ALLIED PRAC : I
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BTYP2
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LAB
1. Antibiotic sensitivity testing: Disc diffusion test – Quality control with
standards strains.
2. Biochemical characteristics: IMViC test, H2S test.
3. Carbohydrate fermentation, maintenance of pure culture, paraffin method – stab culture.
4. Isolation of Rhizobium sp.
5. Isolation of Cellulolytic organisms. 6. Isolation of Lactobacillus sp.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Rajan, S., 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa Book House.
2. Gunasekaran, P. 2007. Lab Manual in Microbiology. New Age
International Publications.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 13
SEMESTER : II SBEC : I
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT2S1
BASICS OF BIOINFORMATICS
OBJECTIVE : To make the students understand the basic concepts and
application of Bioinformatics.
OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, students will be able to be aware of data bases
and the tools to process the data.
To know the applications of genomics and proteomics.
To make the students for familiar with Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics
databases and its applications.
UNIT-I
Introduction and history of bioinformatics – Internet, World Wide Web, Web
browser, EMB net, NCBI. File transfer protocol. Search engines
UNIT-II
Database- Definition, DBMS – Biological Databases – FASTA, Blast,
Genbank, DNA sequence databases, Protein databases. Entry formats,
carbohydrate databases, Enzyme databases, Pathway databases. Relational database model. Theory on RDBMS. SQL, introduction to access, making
queries. Designing forms. Report design
UNIT-III
Genomic resources, Gene structure and DNA sequences. EST searches, gene
hunting, gene finders, Expression analysis- SAGE, cDNA library, EST, Microarray – DNA sequencing and sequence alignment – RFLP, SNP, RAPD,
Human Genome Project, RNA analysis.
UNIT-IV
Proteomics – proteome analysis – 2D gel electrophoresis, Mass spectrophotometry, protein – protein interaction, protein – DNA interaction.
Enzyme – Substrate interaction, pathway analysis.
UNIT-V
Application aspects – target searchings – drug designing – E- cell, phylogenetic analysis, PERL, Chemiinformatics
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 14
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Harshawardhan, P. 2005. Bioinformatics principles and application.
Tata Mc-GrawHill . Publishers. New Delhi.
2. Lesk, A.M. 2003. Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University
Press, NewDelhi.
3. Sundarajan. S. and Balaji, R. 2005. Introduction of Bioinformatics, HimalayaPublishing House, Mumbai.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Attwood, T.K. and Parry Smith, D.J. 2004. Introduction to
Bioinformatics, Pearson Education Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Manikand Vijayaraj. 2002. Bioinformatics for beginners, Kalaikathir
Achchagam, Coimbatore.
3. Mount, D.W. 2005. Bioinformatics Sequence and genome analysis,
Second Edition. CBS Publishers. New Delhi.
4. Westhead, D.R, Parish, H.J. and Twyman, R.M. 2003. Bioinformatics,
Viva Books Private Ltd. New Delhi.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 15
SEMESTER : III CORE : III
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT303
GENETICS
OBJECTIVE : To make the student to understand the concept of genes and
their behavior.
OUTCOME : On successful completion of the course the students will be able to understand basic genetics and Gene interaction, Chromosomal
variation.
UNIT-I
History of Genetics - Mendelian Principles, Segregation, Independent Assortment, Dominance relations, Multiple alleles, Incomplete dominance,
Over dominance.
UNIT-II
Gene interaction, Epistasis, lethality and lethal genes, Sex determination
and sex linkage in diploids, linkage and crossing over, gene mapping. Chromosomal theory of inheritance, maternal effects.
UNIT-III
Chromosomal variation in number, Changes in Chromosomal structure,
Chromosomal aberrations, Genetics of Heamoglobin, Transposable elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
UNIT-IV
Fine structure of Gene, cistron, recon, Structure of Eukaryotic gene,
Experimental evidence for DNA as the genetic material, cytoplasmic genetic
systems- mitochondria and chloroplast DNA, Plasmids- F, R and Col plasmids. Relation between genes and polypeptides.
UNIT-V
Population genetics, calculating gene frequency, factors affecting gene
frequency. Genetic control of Development in Drosophila and Arabidopsis. Genetic drift, Shift, Pedigree analysis and genetic counseling.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Sambamurty, A.V.S.S. 2007. Molecular Genetics, First edition Alpha Science International Ltd.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 16
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hancock, J.T. 2008. Molecular Genetics. Viva Books Private Limited.
2. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A., Palladino, M.A. 2011. Concepts ofGenetics. Pearson Education.
3. Griffiths, A.J.F. 2008. Introduction to genetic analysis. W.H. Freeman.
4. Hartl, D. L. Jones, E.W. 2009. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and
Genomes. Seventh edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 17
SEMESTER : III ALLIED : III
CREDITS : 3 COURSE CODE : U16BT3Y3
CHEMISTRY – I
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the basics of organic, inorganic and applied chemistry.
To make the students aware of the different kinds of bonding and their
properties.
To provide an exposure in organic chemistry.
To learn the applications of chemistry in industries like glass, fertilizers,
pesticides.
OUTCOMES:
Student will be able to correlate the nature of bonding and its reactivity.
Skill of preparation of solutions with specific concentration in different
units could be achieved.
Knowledge about the functional groups and its influence on reactivity
will be acquired.
UNIT –I
Chemical bonding: Ionic bond- Nature of Ionic bond – structure of NaCl, KCl & CsCl- Factors influencing the formation of ionic bond. Covalent bond-
nature of covalent bond –VSEPR theory - shapes of BeCl2, BF3, CH4, PCl5,
IF7, NH3& H2O. Coordinate Bond – Nature of coordinate bond, Werners‘
theory and structure of some complexes Ni(CO)4, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, K4[Fe(CN)6].Hydrogen bonding-Theory of Hydrogen bonding- one example
for inter and intra molecular hydrogen bonding- consequences of hydrogen
bonding. vander Waals and London Dispersive forces in simple molecules.
UNIT- II
Chemistry of Hydrocarbons-Hydrocarbons: Classification- aliphatic,
aromatic, saturated, unsaturated cyclic, acyclic Compounds. Alkanes-
nomenclature, isomerism, preparation, properties (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, oxidation) and uses Alkenes-nomenclature, isomerism,
preparation, properties. (hydrogenation, halogenation, hydroxylation) and
uses. Alkynes-nomenclature-preparation, properties (hydrogenation,
halogenation, polymerization) and uses. Chemistry of benzene: preparation, properties (nitration, sulphonation, oxidation ,Friedel- Crafts alkylation &
acylation) and uses (Note: preparation- any two methods)
UNIT- III
Solutions: Mole Concept -Normality – Molarity – parts per million - Simple problems on concentration terms Primary and secondary standards and
preparation of standard solutions and simple problems.Acids and bases:
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 18
Arrhenius, Lowry- Bronsted, Lewis concepts- strong and weak acids and
Bases.-pH, pKa, pKb of buffer solutions. Henderson – Hassel balch equation.
UNIT- IV
Chemical kinetics: rate of reaction, order, molecularity, first order rate law,
half lifeperiod And derivation of the first order equation – Catalysis –
homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, intermediate complex and
adsorption .theories of catalysis, promotors and poisons, applications.
UNIT- V
Colloids :(Colloids – Types with examples – classification based on affinity
(lyophilic & Lyophobic). Optical and Kinetic properties of colloids –
electrophoresis- electroosmosis – peptization – Coagulation.Applications of colloids.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. B.K. Sharma, ―Industrial Chemistry‖, Goel Publishing Co., 1997
2. Puri B.R., Sharma L. R., Kalia K.K, ―Principles of inorganic Chemistry‖,
(23rdedition), New Delhi, ShobanLal Nagin Chand & Co., 1993 3. S. Lakshmi, ―Pharmaceutical Chemistry‖, Goel Publishing Co., 1997
4. Bahl B. S and ArunBahl, ―Organic Chemistry‖ 12th edition, New Delhi,
Sultan Chand and Co., 1997 5. United States Pharmacopeia Dispencing Information‘s 1981 USPDI,
Rockvilla, Maryland.
6. The Indian pharmacopoeia 3rd edition, volume2, Quality Specifications, world health Organization 1981.
7. Thiagarajan V, ―Pharmaceutical chemistry‖, Chennai, KC S. Desikan and
Co., 1986. 8. Jayashree Gosh, ―Text book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry‖, New Delhi,
S.Chand, 2008.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 19
SEMESTER : III CORE PRAC : II
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT3P1
GENETICS LAB
1. Drosophila – Morphology, Section culture and maintenance.
2. Identification of Mutants—Physical and Chemical Methods.
3. Experiments to determine Mendel‘s law.
4. Monohybrid and dihybrid cross using plants.
5. Human karyotype --- demonstration.
6. Sex chromatin (buccal smear) identification.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Third Edition Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
2. Bisen, P.S. 2014. Laboratory Protocols in Applied Life Sciences. CRC Press.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 20
SEMESTER : III ALLIED : III
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BTYP3
CHEMISTRY I & II LAB
I. VOLUMETRIC ANALYLSIS
a) Acidimetry and Alkalimetry
i) Estimation of hydrochloric acid ii) Estimation of sodium hydroxide
b) Permanganometry
iii) Estimation of oxalic acid using KMnO4
iv) Estimation of ferrous sulphate using KMnO4
II. ORGANIC ANALYSIS
A study of
(i) reactions of the following organic compounds along with
(ii) tests for Aromatic/ Aliphatic, saturated/ unsaturated, solubility in common solvents, and presence of Nitrogen:
i) Carbohydrate
ii) Diamide iii) Aldehyde
iv) Ketone
v) Acid vi) Amine
The students may be trained to perform the specific reactions like- aliphatic or aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, solubility test,
nitrogen test involving (Zn / Na2CO3) fusion, and functional group
present and record their observation.
Demonstration
Preparation of Buffer solution
Determination of pH using pH meter
Preparation of standard solution (Molar, ppm & Normal)
REFERENCE BOOK :
1. V.Venkateswaran, R.Veerasamy , A.R. Kulandaivelu, ―Basic Principles of
Practical Chemistry‖ Sultan Chand & Sons , New Delhi, 1997.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 21
SEMESTER : III NMEC : I
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT3E1
BASICS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To provide information about DNA and genes andhow it
influences the function of the organism as a whole.
OUTCOME : On successful completion of course, the student will be able to understand the basics and scope of biotechnology.
UNIT-I
Scope of Biotechnology. History of Biotechnology: Conventional and Modern
Biotechnology – Biotech industries. Biotechnology Tree – Roots and Branches. Strategies of gene cloning.
UNIT-II
Tools used in gene cloning – Restriction endonucleases – Types – Features.
Ligases – Linkers, adaptors and homopolymer tails. Modifying enzymes –
Nucleotide kinase, Alkaline phosphates. Gene amplification by PCR.
UNIT-III
Vectors – Properties of good Vector .Constructed plasmids- pBR322. Cosmid
vectors, Animal vectors- SV40. Plant vectors- Ti derivatives.
UNIT-IV
Introduction of genes – Vector mode – transformation and transfection. Vector less mode –Biolistics, Electroporation, Microinjection.
UNIT-V
Properties of E.coli &Yeast as good hosts. Selection of recombinants –
Reporter genes, Colony hybridization.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Dubey, R. C. A text book of Biotechnology, 2007, S.Chand& Company
Ltd. NewDelhi.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 22
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Old & Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulation, 1989, 3rd edition,
Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
2. Satyanarayana. U. Biotechnology, 2008, Books and Allied (p) Ltd.
3. Gupta P.K .Biotechnology and Genomics, 2004 .Rastogi publication.
4. Brown, T.A. Gene cloning and DNA analysis, 1996. Blackwell science,
Osney Mead, Oxford.
5. Singh, B. D .Biotechnology. 2004. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 23
SEMESTER : IV CORE : IV
CREDITS : 6 COURSE CODE : U16BT404
IMMUNOLOGY
OBJECTIVES : To develop understanding in immune system and its
significance.
To evoke the mechanism of immune cells and organs.
To acquire knowledge in pathology and clinical aspects of Immunology.
OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to explore various
aspects of clinical manifestations and to focus on research carrier.
UNIT-I
History and scope of Immunology: Historical perspective of Immunology,
Early theories of Immunology, Types of Immunity Innate, Adaptive (cell
mediated and humoral) . Passive: Artificial and Natural Immunity, Active: Artificial and Natural Immunity
UNIT-II
Immune system and its mechanism: Primary and Secondary organs of
immune system –structure and function ,Hematopoiesis- Significance -
Origin and differentiation of lymphocytes: T-cells, B-cells, myeloid cells, antigen presenting cells, cell mediated subset of T-Cells, helper and
suppressor cells, natural killer cells.
UNIT-III
Cellular and molecular interactions: Antigens: Structure and properties - Immunogenicity vs antigenicity, factors affecting antigenicity, epitopes,
haptens, adjuvants and vaccines – Types and vaccination
schedule.Immunoglobulins:Structure, types, distribution and biological functions. Antigen antibody interactions: forces of antigen antibody
interaction, principle, methods and applications of precipitation and
agglutination.
UNIT-IV
Immune response: Recognition of antigen: MHC, antigen processing and presentation, T-cell and B - cell activation Cell medicated-Mechanism and
target cell lysis , Humoral response, antibody dependent cell mediated
cytotoxicity, Complements - Classical and Alternative pathways, role in immunity.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 24
UNIT-V
Clinical Immunology: HLA complex-structure and function of molecules,
Organ transplantation- types of graft, mechanism of allograft rejection,
Immunosuppression,Allergic reactions- Immunology & types of hypersensitivity. Auto antibodies – Autoimmune diseases and examples.
Immunological Techniques in Clinical Diagnosis: Widal test, Pregnancy test,
ELISA
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Nandhini, S. 1994.Immunology- Introductory Text Book. New Age Int. (P) Ltd. Publication, New Delhi.
2. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. 2007. Cellular and Molecular
Immunology 6th edition Saunders Publication,Philadelphia.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Kuby, J.2007.Immunology. (Sixth edition) W.H.Freeman and company,
New York.
2. Roitt, I. 1987.Essential Immunology. P.G. Publishing PVT. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Sell,S.1987.Basic Immunology. Elsevier Science Publishing Company.
4. Paul.W.E.1998. Fundamentals of ImmunologyRaven press, New York.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 25
SEMESTER : IV ALLIED : IV
CREDITS : 3 COURSE CODE : U16BT4Y4
CHEMISTRY II
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the various concepts of organic, inorganic and physical
chemistry.
To provide the elementary concepts of chemical analysis the students
perform during the course of their study
To learn the principles of some chemical techniques like chromatography
and colorimetry.
OUTCOMES:
Importance of the role of chemistry on biological system will be
understood.
The quality of water could be assessed by WHO parameters.
Requirement of analytical skill and chemical techniques will be
understood.
UNIT– I
Chemistry of Biomolecules: Classification of carbohydrates, glucose &
fructose - preparation –properties – mutarotation, interconversion of
glucose and fructose, manufacture of sucrose, test for sugars. Amino acids –preparation and properties of glycine and alanine, peptides (elementary
treatment) - proteins-classification based on physical properties and
biological functions- structure of proteins –primary and secondary –Test for proteins.Coordination compounds: biological role of hemoglobin and
chlorophyll.
UNIT–II
Chemistry of water:Water as a universal solvent- – hardness of water-
permanent and temporary hardness, disadvantage of hard water- DO, BOD and COD -definition, determination (any one method). Water Softening
methods - zeolite process, reverse osmosis.Preparation of Deionised water-
Distilled water – Double Distilled water – Packaged drinking water.
UNIT–III
Basics of quantitative analysis:Error analysis: accuracy, precision, errors,
determinate and indeterminate errors, relative error, absolute
error,Quantitative analysis: Titrimetry- principle, acid-base titrations and
redox titrations with examples- End point and equivalence points. Theory of Indicators- Types of indicators - Quinanoid theory
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 26
UNIT-IV
Analytical techniques: Chromatography-introduction-principles, sampling
and applications of paper, thin layer and column chromatography.
Colorimetry: Beer-Lambert‘s Law, components of a colorimeter (Block diagram), application (estimation of iron).
UNIT- V
Types of reactions : Types of chemical reactions –substitution (one example
for Nucleophilic and electrophilic with mechanism) –Addition( Addition of
HBr on alkenes) – Elimination(Dehalogenation of alkyl halides) – Condensation ( formation of ester) – Polymerisation(Formation of Poly vinyl
Chloride) – Reduction reaction (Hydrogenation of oil)- Oxidation (KMnO4 for
conversion of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid) .Types of intermediates- Electrophiles – nucleophiles – free radicals.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Tiwari K.S., Melhotra S.N., Vishnoi N.K, 2006. ―A Text book of Organic
Chemistry‖, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. R. Gopalan, P. S. Subramanian and K. Rengarajan, 1997. ―Elements of
analytical Chemistry‖, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi,
3. Puri B.R., Sharma L. R., Kalia K.K, 1993. ―Principles of inorganic
Chemistry‖ 23 rd edition, New Delhi, ShobanLal Nagin Chand & Co.
4. Puri B.R., Sharma L. R., Kalia K.K, 1993. ―Principles of physical
Chemistry‖ 23 rd edition, New Delhi, ShobanLal Nagin Chand & Co.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 27
SEMESTER : IV CORE PRAC : II
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT4P4
IMMUNOLOGY LAB
1. Preparation of Antibodies.
2. A preface to Immunization and bleeding techniques
3. Preparation of serum from blood
4. To perform total WBC and RBC counting
5. Differential Leukocyte count
6. Antigen- Antibody Reactions
Agglutination reactions : blood grouping
Immuno diffusion. ( Rocket)
7. Dot Elisa Assay
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Lesile Hudson, Frank C.Hay, 1989. III edition. Practical Immunology.
Blackwell Scientific Publication.
2. Peakman M, and Vergani D. 2009. Basic and Clinical Immunology 2nd
edition Churchill Livingstone Publishers, Edinberg.
3. Richard C and Geiffrey S. 2009. Immunology6th edition. Wiley
Blackwell Publications.
4. Murphy K, Travers P, Walport M. 2008. Janeway‘s Immunobiology.7th
edition Garland Science Publishers, New York.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 28
SEMESTER : IV NMEC : II
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT4E2
APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To understand the various applications of biotechnology for
the human welfare.
OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to acquire knowledge related to the applications of biotechnology in various fields.
UNIT-I
Plant biotechnology-Role of tissue culture in agriculture, horticulture and
forestry, Edible Vaccines from plants – Banana, Watermelon.
UNIT-II
Animal biotechnology-Production of Vaccines in animal Cells, Transgenic
Animals – cloning, Applications of Transgenic mice and sheep.
UNIT-III
Medical biotechnology-Gene therapy, Production and Applications of
monoclonal antibodies, Somatic and Germ line Engineering, molecular diagnosis.
UNIT-IV
Industrial biotechnology-Production of Microbial products- Alcoholic
Beverage – Beer, Antibiotic – Penicillin Industrial uses of enzymes – Detergents, Leather, food andPharmaceutical.
UNIT-V
Environmental biotechnology-Microorganisms as Bio indicators, Genetic
engineered microorganisms to degrade xenobiotics, Biological weapons and
bioterrorism.
TEXT BOOK:
R. C. Dubey, A text book of Biotechnology, 2001, Rajendra Printer. New
Delhi.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 29
REFERENCE BOOK(S):
1. Old &Primrose , Principles of gene manipulation, 1989,Blackwell
Scientific Publications, Oxford.
2. M .M. Ranga, 2000, Animal Biotechnology ,Agrobios (India),
3. R. Ian Freshney, 2000. Culture of Animal Cells, (4th Edition), Wiley-Liss.
4. Hawla,2003.Introduction to Plant Biotechnology.(2nd edi) oxford and
IBH publishers
5. Satyanarayana. U, Biotechnology, 2008, Books and Allied (p) Ltd.
6. A.H. Patel, 2005. Industrial Microbiology –MacMillan Publishers.
7. Gupta P.K, 2004 Biotechnology and Genomics,Rastogi publication.
8. T.A Brown 1996, Gene cloning and DNA analysis, Blackwell science, Osney Mead, Oxford.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 30
SEMESTER : V CORE : V
CREDITS : 6 COURSE CODE : U16BT505
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
OBJECTIVE: On successful completion the subject student should have
understand Basic genetics, Gene expression and regulation.
OUTCOMES : Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
Describe the general principles of gene organization and expression in
both prokaryotic andeukaryotic organisms.
Interpret the outcome of experiments that involve the use of recombinant
DNA technology and other common gene analysis techniques.
Discuss the various macromolecular components of cells and their
functions.
UNIT-I
Structure of DNA and RNA- Composition, Types and Functions, Replication. Mechanisms - Enzymes involved in replication.
UNIT-II
Mutation: Origin and Classification - Types- Molecular Mechanism of
Mutation- Detection of DNA damage at molecular level, Ames test, cytogenetic analysis in mammalian cells- in vitro and in vivo- Host mediated
assay-
UNIT-III
DNA repair and recombination mechanisms. Transposons and transposable
elements- Mechanism of transposition. Transcription and RNA processing: Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -Post transcriptional
modifications.
UNIT-IV
Genetic code and Translation: Features of genetic code -Deciphering of the codon- Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes- Post translation
modifications- Protein targeting.
UNIT-V
Cistron, muton and recon -exons and introns. Regulation of Gene expression: Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes -
positive and negative control in prokaryotes- Operon models- Spatial and
Temporal regulation of eukaryotic enes, mi RNA, siRNA,Micro-satellites.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 31
TEXT BOOK :
1. Gupta. P.K. 2005. Cell and Molecular biology. Rastogi Publications,
India.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A. D., Johnson, A., Lewis, J.,
Raff,M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. 2009. Essential Cell Biology. 3rd Edition. Garland science, USA
2. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P.
2008.Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, Garland Science, USA. 3. Lodish, H. Berk, A., Matsudaira, P., Kaiser, C. A., Krieger, M., Scott,
M.P.Lawrence Z., Darnell, J. 2003. Molecular cell biology, 5th Edition.
W. H. Freeman, USA. 4. Rastogi, S.C. 2012. Cell and Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition. New Age
International Publishers, India.
5. Sathyanarayana U, 1999. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition. New Central Book Agency(p) Ltd.
6. Karp, G. 2007. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.
5thEdition. John Wiley and Sons, USA.
7. Cooper, G.M., Hausman, R.E. 2009. The cell: Molecular approach, 5th Edition. American Society of Microbiology press, USA.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 32
SEMESTER : V CORE : VI
CREDITS : 6 COURSE CODE : U16BT506
GENETIC ENGINEERING
OBJECTIVES:
It addresses the modern concept of Genetic Engineeringand emphasizes
more on practical applications.
It provides ample opportunity for the students to Specialized in several
different areas of rDNA technology including DNA modifying enzymes,
cloning strategies, analyze of expression and various modern techniques.
OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to explain in
detail, the following processes and their mechanisms: DNA modifying
enzymesapply the strategies of cloning and know the techniques of gene identification.
Unit – I
Enzymes in Recombinant Technology: Enzymes in Genetic engineering-
Restriction endonucleases Type I & II, DNA polymerase, Polynucleotide kinase, Alkaline phosphatase,T4 DNA ligase, Terminal deoxynucleotidy1
transferase, Reverse transcriptase.
Unit – II
Vector: Different kind of vector- Cloning and expression vectors. Cloning
vectors for E. coli-Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), Cloning vectors for Eukaryotes- Yeast shuttle vector,Yeast artificial chromosome, Phage life
cycle- Viral vector, phage vector, phagemids,cosmids.
Unit – III
Molecular cloning: Cloning strategies. Cloning System for amplifying different sized fragments, Cloning System for producing single-stranded and
mutagenized DNA. Methods of introduction DNA into the cell -
Microinjection, lipofection, electroporation, calcium precipitation, DEAE and
biolistic. Construction of genomic libraries and cDNA Libraries.Recombinant selection and screening.Altering genes: Mutagenesis - Site directed
mutagenesis, PCR based site directedmutagenesis, Random mutagenesis.
Unit – IV
Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Principle and application - Preparation of nucleic acid probes,Probe construction. Principle of Nucleic acid hybridization
assays, and microarrays.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 33
Unit – V
Polymerase DNA Reaction and DNA sequencing: DNA amplification using
polymerase chain reaction (PCR): key concepts, Analysis of amplified
products. Applications of PCR: Ligasechain reaction. DNA Finger printing, RFLP and RAPD. Sequencing (chemical degradation;chain termination and
automated sequence).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Brown, T.A. 2010. Gene Cloning and DNA analysis: An Introduction, 6th
Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.
2. Primrose, S.B. Twyman, R.M .2006. Principles of Gene Manipulation. 7th
Edition,Wiley-Blackwell, USA
3. Jogdand, S.N., 2009. Gene biotechnology. Himalaya Publishing House.
REFERENCE BOOK(S):
1. Old, R.W and S.B. Primrose. 1996. Principles of Gene Manipulation: An
Introduction to Genetic Engineering. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
2. Glover, DM. and BD. Hames .1995. DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach.. IRL Press, Oxford.
3. Innis, M.A., D.H. Gelfand and J.J. Sninskey .1995. PCR Strategies.. Academic Press, San Diego.
4. Persing, D.H., K T.F Smith, F.C. Teower and T.J.While. 1993. Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington D.C.
5. Watson J.D.,Gilman M., Witkowski,J., and Zoller M. 1992. Recombinant
DNA. Scientific American Books, New York.
6. Tvan R.S. 1997. Recombinant Gene Expression Protocols. Humana Press
Inc., Tokowa.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 34
SEMESTER : V CORE PRAC : III
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT5P5
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB
1. Preparation of plasmid DNA fromE.coli.
2. Preparation of genomic DNA from animals/ human/plant.
3. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid and genomic DNA.
4. Restriction digestion of DNA. - Single and double digestion.
5. PCR amplification, RFLP*.
6. Southern blotting*
7. Ligation*.
8. Transformation of E. coli with plasmid DNA using CaCl2 *.
* Practical by demonstration only.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Bisen, P.S. 2014. Laboratory Protocols in Applied Life Sciences. CRC
Press.
2. Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual,Third Edition Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 35
SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : I
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT5:1
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To gain a basic understanding of how plants function.
OUTCOMES:
Students would become proficient in using the professional vocabulary
to describe how plants function.
They may integrate how the principles of chemistry and physics operate
to maintain homeostasis in plant bodies.
It would enable them to integrate how knowledge about plant growth
and development impacts on personal life
It would help them to improve their scientific communication (written
and oral), data analysis, thinking, planning and decision making skills.
UNIT - I :
Photosynthesis : Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron
transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO2
fixation-C3, C
4 and CAM
pathways.
UNIT - II :
Respiration and photorespiration : Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial
electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory
pathway.
UNIT - III:
Nitrogen metabolism:Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid
biosynthesis.
UNIT - IV :
Solute transport and photoassimilatetranslocation:Uptake, transport and
translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration;
mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates.
UNIT- V:
Stress physiology : Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanisms of resistance to
biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 36
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jain V.K. 2000. Fundamentals of Plant Physiology, 5th edition. S Chand
& Co Ltd; New Delhi.
2. Salisbury, F. B. and Ross, E. (1992). Plant Physiology. Wadsworth, Belmont,California, USA.
3. Verma, S. K. (1999). Plant Physiology. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOK(S):
1. Devlin, R. M. and Baker 1973. Photosynthesis, Reinhold Affiliated East-
West Press Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi. 2. Harold, F.M. 1986. The vital force; A study of bioenergetics. Freeman &
Co., New York.
3. Hewitt, E.J. and cutting, C.V. 1979. Nitrogen metabolism of plants, Academic Press.
4. Leopold, A. C. (1973). Plant Growth and Development. Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Meyer, Anderson and Bonning (1965). Introduction to Plant Physiology.
D. VanNostrand.
6. Noggle, R. and Fritz, G. I. (1989). Introductory Plant Physiology. 2nd ed.
Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 37
SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : I
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT5:2
ECOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : The objective of ecology is to understand the dynamics of our
surroundings and to take proper measures to conserve it if and when
required.
OUTCOMES:
On successful completion of the course the student will be able to understand:
The local and geographical distribution and abundance of organisms.
The inter-relationship between organisms in population and
communities.
The structural adaptations and functional adjustments of organisms to
their physical environment.
The behavior of organisms ‗under natural conditions.
The biological productivity of nature and its relationship with mankind.
UNIT –I
Concept of an Ecosystem: Definition: Characteristics of an Ecosystem, Complete Nature of Ecosystem; Components of Ecosystems: Biotic and
Abiotic Components.
UNIT-II
Ecosystems: Introduction, types and characteristic features of the Forest, Grassland, Desert and Aquatic (Pond, Ocean) ecosystems.
UNIT-III
Population and Community Ecology: Basic concepts, Population
characteristics, Population dynamics, Characteristics of a community,
Community structure, Community dynamics (ecological succession), Concept of Habitat and Niche.
UNIT-IV
Environmental Pollution: Cause, effects and control measures of : Air
(CO2, SO2, NOx, O3 CFC, PAN, Green house effect), Water (Cd, Hg, Pb, F, As, BOD), Noise and Radiation (Strontium and Cesium) pollution., Solid
waste management, Biomagnification, Methalmoglobinemia , Global
warming and Climate change (cause and consequences).
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 38
UNIT-V
Environmental Laws : Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental
planning and National Environment Policy
TEXT BOOK:
1. Misra S.P. and S.N. Pandey 2008. Essential Environmental Studies.Anne
Books Pvt.,Ltd., New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Sharma P.D., 1993. Environmental Biology and Toxicology.
2. Chapman, J.L. and M.J. Reiss, 1995, Ecology, Principle and
Applications, Cambridge University Press, 3. De, A.K., 1993, Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
4. Kormondy, E.J., 1989, Concept of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., 5. Abbasi, S.A. and Abbasi, N., 2002, Renewable Energy Sources and their
Environmental Impact, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Biotechnology of Biofertilizers. 2002. Edited by SadasivamKannaiyan,
Kluwer Academic Publishers.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 39
SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : II
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT5:3
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To kindle the fundamentals of life genesis. Dispel knowledge
on cell development and its stages. The course links the basic aspects of the
cell and correlates with the advance scientific techniques
OUTCOME : At the end of the course students will be able to associate the
fundamentals of the cell with the latest techniques. Prosper research in the
field of reproductive medicine and stem cell biology.
UNIT-I
Origin of developmental patterns: History, Anatomical tradition, Principles of
development -life cycles, Developmental patterns and evolution of
differentiation, Experimental embryology, Role of genes in development, Amniocentesis.
UNIT-II
Early Embryonic Development: Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis and
oogenesis, Types of eggs, Fertilization changes in gametes, mono and
polyspermy; the early development of C. elegans -The early development of Xenopous cleavage, Gastrulation, Embryonic induction and organizers; the
early development of chick cleavage, Gastrulation.
UNIT-III
Later Embryonic Development: Differentiation of germ layers-Formation of neural tube (development of CNS and eye), skin, notochord, somites, coelom
and digestive tube (upto rudiments), Extraembryonic membranes in birds
and human, Implantation of embryo, Placentation – structure, types and
physiology of placenta.
UNIT-IV
Post-Embryonic Development: Metamorphosis changes and hormonal
regulation of metamorphosis in insects and amphibians, Regeneration
modes of regeneration epimorphosis, Morphallaxis and compensatory regeneration (with one example), Ageing3 concepts and model (C. elegans)
UNIT-V
Implications of Developmental Biology: Medical implications: Infertility –
Diagnosing Infertility, IVF, Teratogenesis – teratogenic agents and effect of teratogens on embryonic development;Embryonic stem cells –A new
generation stem cells in biomedical field
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 40
TEXT BOOK:
Agarwal,V.K and Verma, P.S. (1995).Chordate Embryology S. Chand
Publishing, New Delhi.
REFERENCES BOOKS:
1. Scott F Gilbert, (2013). Developmental Biology, X Edition, Sinauer
Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International
Thomson Computer Press,London, UK
3. Jonathan M. W. Slack(2012) Essential Developmental Biology Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States.
4. Kalthoff, (2000). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw
Hill Professional,New York, USA.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 41
SEMESTER : V ELECTIVE : II
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT5:4
BASICS OF EVOLUTION
Objective: To understand the concepts of population genetics and product
of evolution, evidences of evolution.
Outcomes: Articulate basic principles of evolution and human genetics, including a history of the ideas leading to our current scientific
understandings of these principles and how they are applied in
contemporary society. It also paves the way to Identify similarities and differences between humans and non-human primate species, including the
biological basis for cooperation and competition
UNIT-I
Life‘s Beginnings: Chemogeny, Biogeny, Historical review of evolutionary concept: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
UNIT-II
Evidences of Evolution: Fossil record, Sources of variations: Heritable
variations and their role in evolution
UNIT-III
Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation of equation, application of law to human Population Evolutionary forces
upsetting H-W equilibrium. Natural selection and Genetic Drift (mechanism,
founder‘s effect, bottleneck phenomenon; Role of Migration and Mutation in changing allele frequencies
UNIT-IV
Product of evolution: Micro evolutionary changes (inter-population
variations, clines, races, Species concept, Isolating mechanisms, modes of
speciation—allopatric, sympatric, Adaptive radiation / macroevolution (exemplified by Galapagos finches)
UNIT-V
Origin and evolution of man, Unique hominin characteristics contrasted
with primate characteristics, primate phylogeny from Dryopithecusleading to Homosapiens, molecular analysis of human origin.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 42
TEXT BOOK:
Agarwal, V.K and Verma, P.S. (1995). “Basis of Evolution‖ S.Chand
Publishing, New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ridley,M (2004) Evolution III Edition Blackwellpublishing.
2. Hall, B.K. and Hallgrimson, B (2008). Evolution IV Edition. Jones and
Barlett Publishers.
3. Campbell, N.A. and Reece J.B (2011). Biology. IX Edition. Pearson,
Benjamin, Cummings.
4. Douglas, J. Futuyma (1997).Evolutionary Biology. SinauerAssociates.
5. Pevsner, J (2009). Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. II Edition Wiley- Blackwell.
6. Minkoff, E. (1983). Evolutionary Biology.Addison-Wesley
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 43
SEMESTER : V SBEC : II
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT5S2
BASICS OF BIOSTATISTICS
OBJECTIVE : Using computational, mathematical, and statistical
approaches to probe and analyze biological data, from DNA to biological
processes of healthcare systems.
OUTCOMES : At the end of the course the student will be able to apply the
latest ideas of computer concepts to use various mathematical and bio
statistical models of new data to solve important biological problems.
UNIT-I
Biostatistics -definition -statistical methods-basic principles. Variables-
measurements, functions, limitations and uses of statistics.
UNIT-II
Collection of data primary and secondary -types and methods of data
collection procedures -merits and demerits. Classification -tabulation and presentation of data -sampling methods.
UNIT-III
Measures of central tendency -mean, median, mode, geometric mean -merits
& demerits. Measures of dispersion -range, standard deviation, mean deviation, quartile deviation -merits and demerits; Co-efficient of variations.
UNIT-IV
Correlation-types and methods of correlation, regression, simple regression
equation, fitting prediction, similarities and dissimilarities of correlation and
regression.
UNIT-V
Statistical inference -hypothesis -simple hypothesis -student 't' test -chi
square test.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 44
TEXT BOOKS:
1. PannerSelvam R (2006) Research Methodology. Prentice- Hall of India
Private Limited, New Delhi.
2. Pillai RSN and Bhavathy V (2005) Statistics, S.Chand Company Ltd.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. S. Palanisamy and M. Manoharan, 2002. Statistical methods for
Biologists. Palani Paramount Publication, Anna Nagar, Palani, T. N.
2. S.C. Gupta and K. Kapoor, 2002. Fundamentals of Applied Statistics.
3rd Edition. Sultan Sons Educational Publisher, N.D.
3. N. Gurumani, 2002. An introduction to Biostatistics. MJP Publishers,
Chennai.
4. P.R. Vittal, and V. Malini, 2002. Statistical and Numerical Methods.
Margham Publications, Chennai.
5. Thomas Clover and Kevin Mitchell. 2002. An introduction to Biostatistics. McGraw Hill Higher Education N.D.
6. Daniel, W.W., 1987. Biostatistics, New York, John Wiley Sons.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 45
SEMESTER : V SBEC : III
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT5S3
INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR MODELING AND DRUG DESIGN
OBJECTIVE : It deals with molecular modeling, quantum mechanics, and
molecular mechanics. Pertaining to drug discovery. Provide a broad and
thorough background in modeling tools and docking programs.
OUTCOME: At the end of the course students will be able to understand the
theories used to build tools and their relationship and basics concepts
involved in drug design. Specialised in modeling and docking studies with classical physics
UNIT-I
Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics: Concepts of Molecular modeling,
molecular mechanics- bonded and non-bonded terms, potential energy surfaces, Molecular dynamics with simple models and continuous
potentials, Energy minimization methods.
UNIT-II
Introduction to Cheminformatics: Cheminformatics: Definition, chemical
structure representation-WLN, ROSDAL, SMILES, SLN, types of databases, 2D and 3D database searching, Applications of cheminformatics in drug
discovery, Developing and using QSAR- QSAR-validation methods-3D QSAR
approach-QSAR descriptors.
UNIT-III
Drug – Receptor interaction: Molecular basis of drug action: Drug Receptor
Interaction: Basic ligand concept, agonist, antagonist, partial agonist,
inverse agonist, Drug receptor concepts. Enzyme Inhibition – enzyme
Inhibitors - reversible, irreversible, enzyme Inhibitors as drugs - HIV - Protease / Reverse Transcriptase, Integrase.
UNIT-IV
Drug Discovery: Historic development of drug discovery, Modern drug
discovery, drug targets discovery-target identification, Hits and lead identification, lead optimization, principles of drug ability, Role of
Bioinformatics in drug design
UNIT-V
Drug design: Prediction of binding site and virtual screening, Drug design -Structure-based drug design, Ligand based drug design, De novo ligand
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 46
design, Molecular docking-search algorithm, scoring functions, ADMET
properties.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Attwood, T.K. and Parry Smith, D.J. 2004. Introduction to
Bioinformatics,Pearson Education Ltd., New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Andrew Leach, Molecular Modeling: Principle and Applications (2"d
Edition). Addison Wesley Longman, Essex, England, 1996. 2. Alan Hinchliffe, Modelling Molecular Structures, 2‘LD edition, John-
Wiley-2000.
3. Allan Hinchliffe, Molecular Modelling for Beginners, John—Wiley, 2003. 4. N.Cohen(Ed), Guide book on Molecular Modeling in Drug Design,
Academic Press, San Diego, 1996.
5. Jenny Gu and Philip E.Bourne, Structural Bioinformatics, Wiley Blackwell publishers, 2nd edition.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 47
SEMESTER : VI CORE : VII
CREDITS : 6 COURSE CODE : U16BT607
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVES:
To make the students aware of the overall industrial bioprocess so as to
help them to manipulate the process to the requirement of the industrial needs.
The course prepares the students for the bulk production of
commercially important modern Bio products, Industrial Enzymes,
Products of plant and animal cell cultures.
OUTCOMES:
To explain the steps involved in the production of bio products and
methods to improve modern biotechnology.
To apply basic biotechnological principles, methods and models to solve
biotechnological tasks.
To identify and debate the ethical, legal, professional, and social issues
in the field of biotechnology.
To design and deliver useful modern biotechnology products to the
Society.
UNIT-I
Exploitation of microorganisms and their products, screening, strain
development strategies, immobilization methods, fermentation media, raw
material used in media production, antifoaming agents, buffers, downstream processing.
UNIT-II
Fermentation equipment and its uses, fermentor design, Types of fermentors
and fermentations- single, batch, continuous, multiple, surface, submerged
and solid state.
UNIT-III
Industrial products from microorganisms- antibiotics: production of
penicillin, streptomycin. Interferons, vaccines, hormones, vitamins.
UNIT-IV
Enzymes from microbes: amylase, protease. Organic acids: citric acid, acetic
acid, amino acids: glutamic acid, lysine.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 48
UNIT-V
Production of alcoholic beverages: beer and wine, biofuels: ethanol,
methane, biogas.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. (2005) A Text book of microbiology. S.
Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
2. A.H. Patel (2011) Industrial Microbiology, Macmillan.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Stanbury,P.F., & Whitakar, A., 1984. Principles of Fermentation Technology,Pergamon Press.
2. Mansi.E.MT.El., & C.F.A.Bryce ,2011,Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3rdedn. CRC Press.
3. Bailleyand Ollis, 1986, Biochemical Engineering
Fundamentals,McGrawHill,Newyork.
4. CasidaL.E.Jr., Industrial Microbiology (2007), New Age International
Publishers .
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 49
SEMESTER : VI CORE : VIII
CREDITS : 6 COURSE CODE : U16BT608
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To make the student to understand the Animal products and
exploitation of them in Biotechnology.
OUTCOME : On successful completion the course student should have understand Animal tissue culture, Animal products, production &
improvement of them.
UNIT-I
Basic techniques in animal cell culture and organ culture:Cell lines- types and isolation, culture media-types and supplements, cell fusion, cell
differentiation, maintenance and preservation of cell lines.
UNIT-II
Gene transfer:Gene transfer methods-mechanical, chemical, biological-viral-
Adenovirus, Herpes simplex, Retrovirus
UNIT-III
Transgenesis: Transgenic animals production, applications of transgenic in
agriculture and medicine, In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
UNIT-IV
Applications : Development of recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibody their applications, human genome project and gene therapy.
UNIT-V
Secondary metabolites: Bioreactors for large scale culture of cells,
Production of secondary metabolites/products: Insulin, growth hormones,
interferon etc.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ramadass. P., 2008. Animal Biotechnology: Recent Concepts and
Developments.MJP Publishers, India.
2. Singh. B., Gautam, S.K., Chauhan, M.S. 2013. Text Book of Animal
Biotechnology. The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 50
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ian Freshney, R., Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique
andSpecialized Applications. 6th edition. Wiley publications.
2. Mather, J.P and Barnes, D. 1998. Animal cell culture methods (Methods
in cellbiology Vol. 57. Academic Press, London.
3. Mehta, V. 2006. Animal Biotechnology. Campus Books International, New Delhi,India.
4. Sasidhara. S., 2009. Animal Biotechnology. MJP publishers, India.
5. Holland, A.J., Johnson, A. 1998. Animal Biotechnology and Ethics.
Springer.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 51
SEMESTER : VI CORE : IX
CREDITS : 6 COURSE CODE : U16BT609
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the study is about the basic principles and techniques
involved in plant cell culture.
To understand the concepts of transformation and achievements of
biotechnology in plants.
To provide ample opportunity for the students to specialize in several
different areas of plant Biotechnology including plant Tissue Culture, genetic engineering and transformation.
OUTCOME: To provide ample opportunity for the students to specialize in several different areas of plant biotechnology including plant tissue culture,
genetic engineering and transformation.
UNIT-I
Introductory history - Laboratory organization - sterilization techniques –
nutrition for plant cells, types of media – MS – Nitsch&Nitsch media, Gamborg‘s media, White‘s Media. Structure and function of Growth
regulators – Auxins, Cytokininis and Gibberellins. Establishment and
maintenance of callus and suspension cultures. Somatic embryogenesis, cytology of callus. Green house effect.
UNIT-II
Haploid production, Anther and microspore culture. Gynogenesis, embryo
culture and rescue in agricultural and horticultural crops. Invitro
pollination and fertilization.
UNIT-III
Protoplast isolation, Culture regeneration, fusion. Somatic hybrids, cybrids,
cryopreservation, Synthetic seeds – Terminator seed concept. Gene transfer
techniques in plants. Applications of transgenic plants.
UNIT-IV
Plant micro propagation – micro grafting – invitroclonal multiplication –
clonal orchards – meristem culture and virus elimination shoot tip culture.
Edible vaccines from plants – Banana, Watermelon.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 52
UNIT-V
Somaclonal and Gamatoclonal variation in vitro cultures, Secondary
metabolites in plants - production –screening - applications. Role of tissue
culture in agriculture, forestry. Biodiversity and conservation.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bhojwani, S.S., Razdon. R. 2010. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice. Elsevier.
2. Chawla, H.S. 2000. Plant Biotechnology, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
3. Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J. 2002. Molecular biotechnology, Principle and
applications of Recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Gupta, P.K. 2010. Plant Biotechnology. Rastogi Publications, India.
2. Mahipal Singh Shekhawat and Vikrant. S. 2010. Plant Biotechnology: In
Vitro Principles, Techniques and Applications. MJP Publishers.
3. Near Stewart, C., 2013. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles,
Techniques and Applications. Wiley India Private Limited.
4. Singh, B.D. 2010. Plant Biotechnology. Kalyani Publishers, India.
5. Slater, A., Scott, N., Fowler, M. 2008. Plant Biotechnology – The genetic
manipulation of plants, 2nd Edition. Oxford University press, USA.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 53
SEMESTER : VI CORE PRAC : IV
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE : U16BT6P6
INDUSTRIAL, PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
1. Bacteriological analysis of food products.
2. Determining the quality of milk by MBRT.
3. Antibiotic sensitivity testing-well and disc methods.
4. Screening of cellulolytic organisms
5. Isolation and identification of major bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus etc.
6. Isolation of lactobacillus from fermented foods
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
1. Micropropagation and indirect organogenesis
2. Induction and culture of Somatic Embryos
3. Measurement of plant cell growth (PCV, cell number, Wet and Dry Weights)
4. Seed culture technique; Production of Synthetic seeds.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
1. Preparation of culture media and sterilization
2. Cell counting by haemocytometer 3. Viability testing by trypan blue
4. Giemsa staining
5. Isolation of cells from organ 6. Preparation of serum
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Chawala, H.S. 2008. Plant Biotechnology: Laboratory Manual for Plant
Biotechnology. Oxford and IBM Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd.
2. Gunasekaran, P. 2007. Lab Manual in Microbiology. New Age
International Publications.
3. Ian Freshney, R. 2011. Culture of animal cells: A manual of Basic
technique and specialized application. Sixth Edition, Wiley –Blackwell.
4. Purohit, S.S. 2002. Plant Biotechnology a Laboratory Manual. Agro-Bios.
5. Rajan, S. 2010. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Anjanaa Book House
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 54
SEMESTER : VI ELECTIVE : III
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT6:1
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To know about the anatomy and physiological systems of
human.
OUTCOME : After the completion of the course the student should have understood various systems inhuman and their activities.
UNIT-I
Digestive system: Anatomy of the digestive system, Salivary, Gastric and
Biliary Secretions functions. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Lipids and proteins.
UNIT-II
Body fluids: Plasma, Lymph & Blood. Blood- cells, Haemoglobin, blood coagulation.
UNIT-III
Circulation: Structure of Heart and blood vessels, Functions of heart.
Respiration: Anatomy, and physiology of respiration.
UNIT-IV
Excretory system: Structure and functions of kidney. Urine- composition
and formation.Renal regulation of acid-base balance.
UNIT-V
Central nervous system: General organization. Conduction of nerve impulse.
Synaptictransmission. Brain chemical composition, neurotransmitters and
Camp. Biochemical aspects of learning and memory.
TEXT BOOK:
Martini, Frederick (2012). ―Human Anatomy and Physiology‖ 9th edition
Pearson, Benjamin Cummings.
REFERENCES:
1. Human Physiology: Vol I & II C.C. Chatterjee.
2. Functions of the Human body – Guyton A.C.
3. The living body-Best C.H, Taylor N.B. 4. Human Physiology-Systemic & applied-Sahalya.
5. Human Nutrition and Dietetics – Swaminathan, Bangalore printing and
Pulv. Co. Ltd.
6. Review of Medical Physiology – Ganong, Appleton
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 55
SEMESTER : VI ELECTIVE : III
CREDITS : 5 COURSE CODE : U16BT6:2
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGY
OBJECTIVE : To offer profound foundation in the field of basic life science,
Bridge the gap between advance and rudimentary bioscience. The course
edifies an extensive knowledge on the life forms and their mechanism of
existence
OUTCOMES : At the end of the course students will be able to
manufactures confidence to clear competitive examinations and Offer a connectivity to apply the fundamental science in advance technology.
UNIT I:
Evolution and systematic : Origin of life (Chemical) Adaptation biology-
xeric adaptation in camel; Coloration and mimicry, Concept of evolution: Emergence of evolutionary thoughts and variation in population. Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium, mutation, migration, genetic drift and natural
selection.
UNIT II:
Ecology and Environmental Biology : Components of ecosystems: Abiotic and Biotic associations, Energy flow, Population ecology- natality, mortality,
growth forms, age pyramids dispersal, distribution types, regulation of
population density. Community ecology - habitat & niche concept, Ecological succession and concept of climax
UNIT III:
Animal diversity :Classification of Nonchordate, (structure,organization
and anatomical representation, Organ structures and mechanism) sub-
kingdom Protozoa and Phylum Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthis, Annelida, Arthropoda,Mollusca and Echinodermata. Animal classification for Chordate
(Comparative anatomy & structural organization)
UNIT IV:
Plant diversity : Classification of plant phyla: Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and gymnosperms and Angiosperms) Catalogue of medicinal
plants and their applications
UNIT V:
Application of Bioscience : Sericulture - characteristics of sericulture industry and its scope; Aquaculture: Principles, definition and scope.
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 56
Fisheries resources of India, Pest Management, Apiculture- Management of
apiary, Lac culture and its uses.
TEXT BOOK:
Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Text book of Zoology Vol-1 Invertebrates – Parker &Haswell
2. Biology – Raven, Johnson, Losos, Mason and Singer
3. Text book of Zoology Vol-1I Vertebrates – Parker &Haswell
B.Sc Biotechnology Syllabus, Bishop Heber College, Trichy -17. (2016-2017 onwards) Page 57
SEMESTER : VI
CREDITS : 2 COURSE CODE:U16BT6PJ
PROJECT
SEMESTER : VI
CREDITS : 2 + 1
EXTENSION ACTIVITIES/ GENDER STUDIES