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Selected sections from Chapter 18Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation

Tumor Benign Malignant

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 18.1

Characteristics of Benign Tumors and Cancers

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Tumors

Benign Remain in one location Single, well-defined mass May be surrounded by connective tissue

Cancerous Abnormal cell structure; may appear

undifferentiated May spread Edge of tumor not clearly defined

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.2

Animation—Cancer

Malignant Tumor Development

PLAY

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How Cancer Develops

Apoptosis Mutated or damaged genes

Proto-oncogenes Normal regulatory genes

Oncogenes Mutated or damaged proto-oncogenes

Tumor suppressor genes Regulatory genes slow cell division, TS genes may be turned off, damaged, or

mutated in cancers

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Factors Contributing to Cancer

Viruses and bacteria Chemicals in the environment Tobacco Radiation Dietary factors Internal Factors

Free Radicals

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Cancer Treatments

Conventional treatments Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 18.3

Ten Most Common Cancers

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Most Cancers Are Preventable

Know family history Get regular medical screenings Learn self-examination techniques Avoid direct sunlight 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.,

sunlamps, and tanning salons Watch diet and weight Don’t smoke Drink in moderation, if at all Be informed