Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

Sedimentary Rocks

I. Sediment

A. Introduction

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

3) Deposition

Sedimentary Rocks

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

3) Deposition

4) Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks

B. Process that leads to Lithification

1) Weathering and Erosion

2) Transportation

3) Deposition

4) Lithification

*cementation and compaction

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

* kaolinite

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay (multiple meanings)

1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

* kaolinite

*illite

Sedimentary Rocks1. size (0.004 mm)

2. Mineralogy

* kaolinite

*illite

*montmorillonite

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

B. Quartz (SiO2)

“flint”, “chert”

High Temp(1300 C)

Low Temp(600 C)

Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene

Amphibole Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar

Orthoclase Feldspar

Muscovite

Quartz

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

B. Quartz

C. Calcite (CaCO3)

Sedimentary Rocks

II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

A. Clay

B. Quartz

C. Calcite

D. Other Minerals…..

Sedimentary Rocks

III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Detrital (Clastic)

Sedimentary Rocks

III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Detrital (Clastic)

B. Chemical

Sedimentary Rocks

III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Detrital (Clastic)

B. Chemical

C. Biochemical

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

A. Definition of texture:

“the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

A. Definition of texture:

“the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

B. Size

Wentworth Scale

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

A. Definition of texture:

“the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

B. Size

C. Shape

Sedimentary Rocks

C. Shape

1. Roundness

Sedimentary Rocks

C. Shape

1. Roundness

2. Sphericity

Sedimentary Rocks

IV. Morphology (texture)

D. Maturity

Sedimentary Rocks

V. Types of Sedimentary Rocks

A. “The Model” for clastic rocks

A. “The Model”

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks

Breccia

Conglomerate

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocksArkoseGraywackeQuartz Sandstone

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocksSiltstoneShale/Mudstone

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Limestones

MicriteCalcarenite

Limestones

Chalk

Coquina

Fossiliferous

LimestonesOolitic

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks

Limestones

Dolomites

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks

Chert

Coal (Bituminous)

C. Chemical and Biochemical Rocks

Evaporites (Halite and Gypsum)

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

Bedding

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

D. Cross Bedding

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

D. Cross Bedding

E. Graded Bedding

Sedimentary Rocks

VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

B. Mud Cracks

C. Ripple Marks

D. Cross Bedding

E. Graded Bedding

F. Fossils

VII. Marine Transgressions and Regressions