Cranial Anatomy and Pathology

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Section 3

Typical Causation: Trauma

• Open head injury- dura mater pierced

• Closed head injury-dura mater intact

• Contrecoup effect-brain injury at side of impact, but could be on opposite side

• Most common reason for youths

This slide is essentially an FYI. However, it does provide insight to the concept of closed versus open head injuries.

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Anatomy

Calcified choroid plexus

Calcified pineal gland

Axial CT Image

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When blood from a trauma irritates brain tissues, it causes swelling. This is known as cerebral edema. The pooled blood

collects into a mass called a hematoma.

Axial CT Image Image 4

Bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage of the lateral ventricles

Anterior horn of lateral ventricle

Posterior horn of lateral ventricle

Third ventricle

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Anatomy

Falx cerebri

Frontal horns of lateral ventricles

Third ventricleAxial CT Image

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An Axial MRI Image

longitudinal fissure/ interhemispheric fissure.The falx cerebri, a dural brain covering, lies within the medial longitudinal fissure.

Ignore the yellow arrows.

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G

G

G = gyri

The “star burst” effect with radiating rays from the star center seen in this coronal CT image is referred to as a “beam hardening artifact.”

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Lens

Medial & Lateral Rectus

Globe

Optic Nerve

Retro Bulba Fat

Axial CT Images

Axial CT ImageImage 9

Axial CT Image

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Limit your review of this slide to the labeled/identified anatomy

Axial CT Image

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These are images of an Egyptian Mummy. What is missing and why is it missing?

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Limit your review to the labeled/ identified anatomy

An MRI image

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An Axial MRI image

Nasal SeptumNasal Bone

Ethmoid Sinus

Sphenoid Sinus

Eye/globe

MaxillarySinus

Clivus

Foramen Ovale

Carotid Canal

Posterior Fossa

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Edema of retro bulba fat and surrounding fat within the orbit (encircled in red)

The yellow arrow points to appearance of normal fat.

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Soft tissue window and bone window seen in an Axial CT scan

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Vertex fracture as seen in an axial CT scan

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Fracture in the base of the skull as seen in an axial CT scan.

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A pilot scan allows for correct position check and establishes the range if slices.

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The red arrows are pointing to______________ in this axial ct scan?

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