The Chemistry of Life

Biology I Factoids

Factoid #1

• All living things must be able to adapt, get and use energy, respond to stimulus, reproduce, have DNA, grow and develop, and be made up of cells.

Factoid #2

• Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Factoid #3

• Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus and electrons are found orbiting the nucleus.

Factoid #4

• Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.

Factoid #5

• The periodic table is a list of known elements that include the metals, non-metals, and metaloids.

Factoid #6

• The atomic number, that is found on the periodic table, is the number of protons in the that atom.

Factoid #7

• In a neutral atom the number of protons equal the number of electrons.

Factoid #8

• Two electrons will fit in the first energy level and eight electrons will fit in the 2nd and 3rd levels.

Factoid #9

• Atoms form bonds in order to have full, stable outer energy level.

Factoid #10

• The three types of bonds are hydrogen, ionic, and covalent bonds.

Factoid #11

• Hydrogen bonds are very weak bonds between hydrogen atoms.

Factoid #12

• When electrons are gained, lost, or transferred, the atom becomes either a positive or negative ion and an ionic bond forms.

Factoid #13

• When electrons are shared between atoms a covalent bond forms.

Factoid #14

• Large molecules and atoms bonded to itself are covalent.

Factoid #15

• The chemical formula for water is H2O.

Factoid #16

• Water is the universal solvent, a temperature stabilizer, and can form ions.

Factoid #17

• Adhesion is when water sticks to other surfaces and cohesion is when water sticks to other water molecules.

Factoid #18

• Water forms a polar covalent bond with the hydrogen side slightly positive and the oxygen side slightly negative.

Factoid #19

• Water will split into H+ and –OH.

Factoid #20

• The pH scale goes from 0-14;

0 147

A c i d s B a s e s

Factoid #21

• The more H+ in a solution, the more acid a solution is.

Factoid #22

• When the –OH is equal to the H+, the solution is neutral (pH 7).

Factoid #23

• The lower the pH the stronger the acid and the higher the pH the stronger the base.