Post on 31-Mar-2015
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 1
HSQ - DATABASES & SQL
And Franchise Colleges
2 MS SQL Server Overview
By MANSHA NAWAZ
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 2
OVERVIEW
• Client Server Architecture
• What is SQL?
• MS SQL Server V MS Access
• Creating an SQL Server Database
• Enterprise Manager Example
• SQL Enterprise Manager Resources
• Query Analyzer Example
• SQL in Query Analyzer
• SQL Query Analyser Resources
• Additional SQL Resources
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 3
Client/Server Architecture
User Workstation
User Workstation
OperatorWorkstation
DepartmentFile-Servers
Corporate Servers
• Server provides services for the Clients which are responsible for interacting with the users (Input/Output)
• Server is responsible for performing a service (e.g. transaction) and guaranteeing the integrity of the data
• Well suited for distributed systems handling large amounts of data
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 4
E-R Model NF
Systems Analysis & Design DFD DataStores, DataFlows and Data Dictionary
Database Management System (DBMS)
PHYSICAL VIEW OF DATATABLES (computer view))
LOGICAL VIEW OF DATAFORMS (user view)
DATA MODEL
TABLE SET
WEB DEVELOPMENTDatabase connectivity via websites
www .net technologyMacromedia Dreamweaver
MS Visual Studio
CLIENT DB Development Database connectivity via desktop DBMS such as
MS Access
Program Development Database connectivity via programming languages such as MS Visual Basic
Server Area of Interest
Database Development
Client Area of Interest
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 5
What is SQL?• Structured Query Language• It is the standard language for managing a database
• Creating, • Accessing• Searching• Modifying
• Many different Systems depending on maker of software: • Oracle• Microsoft SQL Server• MS Access• Sybase etc.
• Initially we will examine SQL under MS Access– non-standard SQL
• In the main we use MS SQL Server 2000– standard SQL
Some Variations in symbols
ACCESS SQL
“ ‘# %
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 6
• MS SQL Server is a server based database.
• Multi User – Multi Platform Systems
• Large, high volume traffic database systems
• Server holds database. Workstation provides access.
• For web or database systems if the access traffic is likely
to generate more than 20 concurrent database hits at a
time, it's time to move to a database server
• Generally, database servers like MS SQL Server are the
way to go for database or web/database systems
• Many and wide ranging user base for system
• Additional Security and Login features
• MySQL (free sql database used for connectivity to Websites via
PHP).
MS SQL Server V MS Access• MS Access is
Desktop based
• Small, low-traffic database systems
• Small, low-traffic web sites requiring database connectivity.
• Cannot handle heavy traffic from multiple users.
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 7
MS SQL SERVER 2005MS SQL SERVER 2005 – STUDENT EDITION from MSDNAA
MS SQL SERVER 2008 ** newMS SQL SERVER 2008 STUDENT EDITION from MSDNAA
installation guide – similar to 2005 edition
All lecture notes are in version 2005The 2008 interface is similar if not the same.
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 8
MSDN – MS SQL Server 2005 Online Videoshttp://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/express/aa718391.aspx
• Learning Resources - Video Series: SQL Server 2005 Express Edition for Beginners• Getting Started with SQL Server Express• This video series is designed specifically for SQL Server beginners—individuals who are interested in learning the basics
of how to create, manage, and connect to SQL Server Express databases. Whether you’re just a beginner or somewhat familiar with databases, these video lessons will help you get better acquainted with SQL Server 2005 Express.
• The series includes almost 9 hours of video-based instruction that walks SQL Server beginners through the steps of learning about SQL Server databases to actually connecting a SQL Server database to a Web application. Select your starting point below based on your skill set.
– Introduction• Learning Video 1: What is a database?
– Designing Tables• Learning Video 2: Understanding Database Tables and Records • Learning Video 3: More about Column Data Types and Other Properties • Learning Video 4: Designing Relational Database Tables
– Database Functions• Learning Video 5: Manipulating Database Data • Learning Video 6: More Structured Query Language • Learning Video 12: Creating and Using Stored Procedures • Learning Video 13: Enabling Full-Text Search in your Text Data
– Creating and Using Reports• Learning Video 10: Getting Started with Reporting Services • Learning Video 11: Embedding, Packaging and Deploying SQL Server Express Reporting Services
– Database Security• Learning Video 7: Understanding Security and Network Connectivity
– Database Management• Learning Video 9: Using SQL Server Management Studio Express
– Publishing to the Web• Learning Video 8: Connecting your Web Application to SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 9
MS SQL Server 2005
Management Studio Express (MSE)•MSE is the development environments for server based databases. Traditionally installed on servers only.
•Administrators and Developers access via MS SQL client tools installed on workstation.
•Users access via workstation either by MS SQL client tools or other software packages such as MS Access, MS VBasic, Macromedia Dreamweaver, etc
Develop DB via Graphical UI Draw ER model in design view
Create tables in design view
Drag and drop relationships links
Automatically creates tables from ER Model
Easy to navigate existing DBs
Develop DB via Scripting UI Write SQL code to reflect ER model
SQL code held in a Script File
Script Files of SQL code in notepad or word
Use SQL code to create tables & relationships
More powerful, less intuitive
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 10
Management Studio Graphical User Interface
Click DatabasesNote additional server option
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 11
Note SUMMARY tag.Available from VIEW menu.
Expand databases by clicking +
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 12
Management Studio Graphical User Interface (GUI) - develop and draw ER model to implement database
Library ERD
• Use the GUI to develop your ER model.
• Add, Delete and Modify Tables, Fields and Relationships (links).
• SQL Script Code automatically generated.
• Also develop Views, Queries Reports etc
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 13
Management Studio Scripting User Interface SUI - develop and write SQL Code to implement database
• The most popular, and now standard, language for manipulating tables in a relational database is SQL.
• SQL, often known as a query language, is a combined DDL, DML and DCL used with relational databases.
• Data Definition Language (DDL) – is used to specify the data in a database.
– The DDL statements define database objects, eg databases, tables, views,
indexes, users, constraints, user-defined data types: CREATE, DROP, ALTER
• Data Manipulation Language (DML) – is used to access the data in a database.
– The DML statements manipulate data: SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE
• Data Control Language (DCL) – is used to control access to the data in a database.
– The DCL statements control access to data: GRANT, DENY, REVOKE
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 14
SQL Query Code Example
USE MASTER
GO
-- If the database already exists, drop it
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysdatabases WHERE name='Restaurants')
DROP DATABASE Restaurants
GO
-- Create the Restaurants database
CREATE DATABASE Restaurants
GO
USE Restaurants GO
-- Create the Widgets table in Restaurants
CREATE TABLE RestaurantTable ( RestaurantId INT NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1), RestaurantName VARCHAR(50) NOT
NULL, Rating SMALLINT DEFAULT 3,AvgMealPrice MONEY NOT NULL,ReservationReqd BIT NOT NULL
DEFAULT 0) GO
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 15
SQL Server Object Names
• Standard Identifiers– Can contain from one to 128 characters, including letters, symbols (_ @ or #) and numbers. – No embedded spaces are allowed.– The first character must be alphabetic.– A name beginning with @ denotes a local variable or parameter.– A name beginning with # denotes a temporary table or procedure.– A name beginning with ## denotes a global temporary object.– NB: Names for temporary objects shouldn’t exceed 116 characters including # or ## as SQL
Server gives them an internal numeric suffix.
• Delimited Identifiers– Do not comply with the rules for standard identifiers and must, therefore, always be delimited.– You can use delimited identifiers when:– Names contain embedded spaces.– Reserved words are used for object names or portions of object names.– You must enclose delimited identifiers in square brackets or quotation marks when you use
them in Transact-SQL statements, eg:– SELECT * FROM [Blanks In Table Name]– SELECT * FROM “Blanks In Table Name”– NB:You can always use bracketed delimiters but can only use quotation marks if the SET
QUOTED_IDENTIFIER option is on.
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 16
Additional SQL Resources on the SQL Website.
home
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UoT/HM
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UoT/HM 9. MS SQL - Detach and Attach databases
MS SQL Server 2005
1.1 sql2005.intro
1.2 express version installation guide
1.3 student version installation guide
1.4 MSDN - MS SQL Server 2005 Video Resources
2. Management Studio Guilde
3. Create a Database via ERD (student)
4. Create a Database via Tables (unispares)
5. Create a Database via SQL Script Code (student1)
6. SQL Query Introduction (customer)
7. MS Access <-> MS SQL Server (library)
8. MS Access <-> MS SQL DDL & DML (library)
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 17
FURTHER READING
• Review the attached set of SQL notes over the next four weeks to reinforce your SQL skills.– Data Models are converted to schemas which are readable by the database
management system.
– Notation standardised through SQL and XML
– Schemas describe data.
– Described as tables (relations) for relational databases.
– Definition of Columns of tables based on domains (sets of valid values).
– Metadata describes data. Schemas form part of the metadata for a system.
SQL_Data_Definition Domains Metadata XML
SQL Sub Queries SQL Groups SQL Data Definition Views
Key Relational and SQL Concepts (part 1 of 3)
Key Relational and SQL Concepts (part 2 of 3)
Key Relational and SQL Concepts (part 3 of 3)
Section 2 MS SQL Overview 18
End of Lecture