Post on 30-May-2018
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By: Naveed Iqba
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By: Naveed Iqba
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By: Naveed Iqba
A careful, critical search for solutions to theproblems that puzzle the mankind.
OR
Scientific investigation of the known forthe purpose of discovering the unknown.
OR
Any relatively systematic, formal, conscious
procedure for evolving and testinghypotheses about reality, or in more modernterms for decisions.
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By: Naveed Iqba
PurposivenessRigorTestability
ReplicabilityPrecisionConfidence
ObjectivityGeneralizabilityParsimony
8/14/2019 Scientific Research 1st Research
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By: Naveed Iqba
May it be investigation or scientificresearch both are undertaken with a
clear purpose and objective to lead into
problem identification or the range ofinquiry. The process leads into the
study of the implications deducted from
the issues and their relationship withinthe theoretical framework.
8/14/2019 Scientific Research 1st Research
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By: Naveed Iqba
A good theoretical base and a soundmethodological design would add rigor to apurposive study.
Rigor donates carefulness and the degree ofexactitude in research investigations.
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By: Naveed Iqba
A research design is prepared to facilitate theunderstanding of the sequence of study and method
to be applied to formulate hypotheses, collect data
and analyze it with the help of statistical tests and
techniques. The methods used are to achieve theobjectives and purpose of the study. The objective
descriptions of the methods, problems and
hypotheses with the relationship of different variable
make the study, hence testable. The testability is the
characteristic and attribute of scientific investigation
making it replicable and it also contributes to
generalization
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By: Naveed Iqba
The method of testing of hypothesesand the study of the problem facilitates
Replicability of the research. This
reflects the validity and reliability of the
measures adopted by the researchers.
The repetition of the procedures to
study similar situations will increase
confidence in the methodology andunderstanding of the research process
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By: Naveed Iqba
Precision refers as to how close arethe findings based on a sample or
reality. In other words, precisionreflects the degree of exactitude orthe results based on the sample, tothe phenomena studied as they
exist in the universe.
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By: Naveed Iqba
Confidence refers to the probability that ourestimations are correct. It is not enough to bemerely precise or one can say that 95% of thetime we are going to find our results to be trueand there will be 5 % chances of being wrong.This is known as confidence level and somerefers to it as accuracy. The precision andconfidence are important aspects of research
and can be achieved by the proper samplingand analysis of data.
8/14/2019 Scientific Research 1st Research
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By: Naveed Iqba
The conclusions drawn through dataanalysis and interpretation of the resultsshould be objective, based on the fact,
resulting from actual data and not on thesubjective evaluation. The more objectivethe interpretation of the data, the morescientific research it becomes. Theresearcher should take measures toeliminate his level of subjectivity anddepend on the objectivity.
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By: Naveed Iqba
The characteristic of research is more
applicable in case of pure or general
research because the result of this type
of research is not restricted upto oneorganization. Generalizability means
that the result of research conducted by
the one organization is acceptable by themajority of other organizations.
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By: Naveed Iqba
It is also named as economical. For
every research task cost and time is
required. The span of time should bemoderate, not too much and not too
less. And cost should also not too
huge or less but moderate.
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By: Naveed Iqba
A manager who is interested in investigatinghow employees commitment to theorganization can be increased. We examinehow the above stated hall marks of scienceapplied to his investigation.
Reference studies:
Research Methods by Umma SekaranResearch Methods by Dr. Matin Ali Khan