Post on 05-May-2022
SCIENCE ACADEMIES FOR GRADES K–4
TEKS VERTICAL ALIGNMENT
2
Science Academies for Grades K–4CopyrightCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. The following materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of the Texas Education Agency, except under the following conditions:
1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from the Texas Education Agency;
2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only without obtaining written permission of the Texas Education Agency;
3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered, and unchanged in any way;
4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged.
Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from the Texas Education Agency and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty fee.
For more information, contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties. Texas Education Agency. 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512.463.9437; e-mail copyrights@tea.state.tx.us.
© 2012 TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3
Science Academies for Grades K–4CopyrightCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. The following materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of the Texas Education Agency, except under the following conditions:
1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from the Texas Education Agency;
2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only without obtaining written permission of the Texas Education Agency;
3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered, and unchanged in any way;
4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged.
Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from the Texas Education Agency and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty fee.
For more information, contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties. Texas Education Agency. 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512.463.9437; e-mail copyrights@tea.state.tx.us.
4
Physics Vertical Alignment Table
TEK
S S
tude
nt E
xpec
tatio
nsC
once
pt D
evel
opm
ent b
y G
rade
Lev
el
(P.4
) The
stu
dent
kno
ws
and
appl
ies
the
law
s go
vern
ing
mot
ion
in
a va
riety
of s
ituat
ions
.K
12
34
56
78
(A) g
ener
ate
and
inte
rpre
t gra
phs
and
char
ts d
escr
ibin
g di
ffere
nt
type
s of
mot
ion,
incl
udin
g th
e us
e of
real
-tim
e te
chno
logy
suc
h as
m
otio
n de
tect
ors
or p
hoto
gate
s;8D
(B) d
escr
ibe
and
anal
yze
mot
ion
in o
ne d
imen
sion
usi
ng
equa
tions
with
the
conc
epts
of d
ista
nce,
dis
plac
emen
t, sp
eed,
av
erag
e ve
loci
ty, i
nsta
ntan
eous
vel
ocity
, and
acc
eler
atio
n;
6C 6D
6C 6D
6C 6D6B
6D6D
8B 8C7C
6A 6B
(C) a
naly
ze a
nd d
escr
ibe
acce
lera
ted
mot
ion
in tw
o di
men
sion
s us
ing
equa
tions
, inc
ludi
ng p
roje
ctile
and
circ
ular
exa
mpl
es;
(D) c
alcu
late
the
effe
ct o
f for
ces
on o
bjec
ts, i
nclu
ding
the
law
of
iner
tia, t
he re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n fo
rce
and
acce
lera
tion,
and
the
natu
re o
f for
ce p
airs
bet
wee
n ob
ject
s;6B
6D6D
8B7C
6A 6C
(E) d
evel
op a
nd in
terp
ret f
ree-
body
forc
e di
agra
ms;
and
8B6A 6C
(F) i
dent
ify a
nd d
escr
ibe
mot
ion
rela
tive
to d
iffer
ent f
ram
es o
f re
fere
nce.
8C
8C8C
11A
11B
Rep
ortin
g C
ateg
ory
1: F
orce
and
Mot
ion
© 2012 TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5
Physics Vertical Alignment Table
TEK
S S
tude
nt E
xpec
tatio
nsC
once
pt D
evel
opm
ent b
y G
rade
Lev
el
(P.5
) The
stu
dent
kno
ws
the
natu
re o
f for
ces
in th
e ph
ysic
al w
orld
.K
12
34
56
78
(A) r
esea
rch
and
desc
ribe
the
hist
oric
al d
evel
opm
ent o
f the
co
ncep
ts o
f gra
vita
tiona
l, el
ectro
mag
netic
, wea
k nu
clea
r, an
d st
rong
nuc
lear
forc
es;
11A
11C
8E
(B) d
escr
ibe
and
calc
ulat
e ho
w th
e m
agni
tude
of t
he g
ravi
tatio
nal
forc
e be
twee
n tw
o ob
ject
s de
pend
s on
thei
r mas
ses
and
the
dist
ance
bet
wee
n th
eir c
ente
rs;
8B 8C
8B 8C8D
8C 8D8C
8C11
A
11B
7C
(C) d
escr
ibe
and
calc
ulat
e ho
w th
e m
agni
tude
of t
he e
lect
rical
fo
rce
betw
een
two
obje
cts
depe
nds
on th
eir c
harg
es a
nd th
e di
stan
ce b
etw
een
them
;
(D) i
dent
ify e
xam
ples
of e
lect
ric a
nd m
agne
tic fo
rces
in e
very
day
life;
6B
6B6B
6C
6A 6C 6D
6A 6B
(E) c
hara
cter
ize
mat
eria
ls a
s co
nduc
tors
or i
nsul
ator
s ba
sed
on
thei
r ele
ctric
al p
rope
rties
;6B
(F) d
esig
n, c
onst
ruct
, and
cal
cula
te in
term
s of
cur
rent
thro
ugh,
po
tent
ial d
iffer
ence
acr
oss,
resi
stan
ce o
f, an
d po
wer
use
d by
el
ectri
c ci
rcui
t ele
men
ts c
onne
cted
in b
oth
serie
s an
d pa
ralle
l co
mbi
natio
ns;
6C6B
(G) i
nves
tigat
e an
d de
scrib
e th
e re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n el
ectri
c an
d m
agne
tic fi
elds
in a
pplic
atio
ns s
uch
as g
ener
ator
s, m
otor
s, a
nd
trans
form
ers;
6C
(H) d
escr
ibe
evid
ence
for a
nd e
ffect
s of
the
stro
ng a
nd w
eak
nucl
ear f
orce
s in
nat
ure.
Rep
ortin
g C
ateg
ory
2: G
ravi
tatio
nal,
Elec
tric
al, M
agne
tic, a
nd N
ucle
ar F
orce
s
6
Physics Vertical Alignment Table
TEK
S S
tude
nt E
xpec
tatio
nsC
once
pt D
evel
opm
ent b
y G
rade
Lev
el
(P.6
) The
stu
dent
kno
ws
that
cha
nges
occ
ur w
ithin
a p
hysi
cal s
yste
m
and
appl
ies
the
law
s of
con
serv
atio
n of
ene
rgy
and
mom
entu
m.
K1
23
45
67
8
(A) i
nves
tigat
e an
d ca
lcul
ate
quan
titie
s us
ing
the
wor
k-en
ergy
theo
rem
in
var
ious
situ
atio
ns;
7A
(B) i
nves
tigat
e ex
ampl
es o
f kin
etic
and
pot
entia
l ene
rgy
and
thei
r tra
nsfo
rmat
ions
;8A 9C
7B
(C) c
alcu
late
the
mec
hani
cal e
nerg
y of
, pow
er g
ener
ated
with
in,
impu
lse
appl
ied
to, a
nd m
omen
tum
of a
phy
sica
l sys
tem
;
(D) d
emon
stra
te a
nd a
pply
the
law
s of
con
serv
atio
n of
ene
rgy
and
cons
erva
tion
of m
omen
tum
in o
ne d
imen
sion
;9C
5C 7B6C
(E) d
escr
ibe
how
the
mac
rosc
opic
pro
perti
es o
f a th
erm
odyn
amic
sy
stem
suc
h as
tem
pera
ture
, spe
cific
hea
t, an
d pr
essu
re a
re re
late
d to
the
mol
ecul
ar le
vel o
f mat
ter,
incl
udin
g ki
netic
or p
oten
tial e
nerg
y of
at
oms;
8A10
B
(F) c
ontra
st a
nd g
ive
exam
ples
of d
iffer
ent p
roce
sses
of t
herm
al
ener
gy tr
ansf
er, i
nclu
ding
con
duct
ion,
con
vect
ion,
and
radi
atio
n;9A 9B
10A
(G) a
naly
ze a
nd e
xpla
in e
very
day
exam
ples
that
illu
stra
te th
e la
ws
of
ther
mod
ynam
ics,
incl
udin
g th
e la
w o
f con
serv
atio
n of
ene
rgy
and
the
law
of e
ntro
py.
6A6A
6A6A
6A6A
9B5C 7B
6C
Rep
ortin
g C
ateg
ory
3: M
omen
tum
and
Ene
rgy
© 2012 TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7
Physics Vertical Alignment TableTE
KS
Stu
dent
Exp
ecta
tions
Con
cept
Dev
elop
men
t by
Gra
de L
evel
(P.7
) The
stu
dent
kno
ws
the
char
acte
ristic
s an
d be
havi
or o
f wav
es.
K1
23
45
67
8
(A) e
xam
ine
and
desc
ribe
osci
llato
ry m
otio
n an
d w
ave
prop
agat
ion
in
vario
us ty
pes
of m
edia
;
(B) i
nves
tigat
e an
d an
alyz
e ch
arac
teris
tics
of w
aves
, inc
ludi
ng v
eloc
ity,
frequ
ency
, am
plitu
de, a
nd w
avel
engt
h, a
nd c
alcu
late
usi
ng th
e re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n w
aves
peed
, fre
quen
cy, a
nd w
avel
engt
h;
8C 8D(C
) com
pare
cha
ract
eris
tics
and
beha
vior
s of
tran
sver
se w
aves
, in
clud
ing
elec
trom
agne
tic w
aves
and
the
elec
trom
agne
tic s
pect
rum
, an
d ch
arac
teris
tics
and
beha
vior
s of
long
itudi
nal w
aves
, inc
ludi
ng
soun
d w
aves
;
6A6A
6A6A
6A6A
8C
(D) i
nves
tigat
e be
havi
ors
of w
aves
, inc
ludi
ng re
flect
ion,
refra
ctio
n,
diffr
actio
n, in
terfe
renc
e, re
sona
nce,
and
the
Dop
pler
effe
ct;
(E) d
escr
ibe
and
pred
ict i
mag
e fo
rmat
ion
as a
con
sequ
ence
of
refle
ctio
n fro
m a
pla
ne m
irror
and
refra
ctio
n th
roug
h a
thin
con
vex
lens
;6C
(F) d
escr
ibe
the
role
of w
ave
char
acte
ristic
s an
d be
havi
ors
in m
edic
al
and
indu
stria
l app
licat
ions
.8D
(P.8
) The
stu
dent
kno
ws
sim
ple
exam
ples
of a
tom
ic, n
ucle
ar, a
nd
quan
tum
phe
nom
ena.
K1
23
45
67
8
(A) d
escr
ibe
the
phot
oele
ctric
effe
ct a
nd th
e du
al n
atur
e of
ligh
t;
(B) c
ompa
re a
nd e
xpla
in th
e em
issi
on s
pect
ra p
rodu
ced
by v
ario
us
atom
s;8C
(C) d
escr
ibe
the
sign
ifica
nce
of m
ass-
ener
gy e
quiv
alen
ce a
nd a
pply
it
in e
xpla
natio
ns o
f phe
nom
ena
such
as
nucl
ear s
tabi
lity,
fiss
ion,
and
fu
sion
;(D
) giv
e ex
ampl
es o
f app
licat
ions
of a
tom
ic a
nd n
ucle
ar p
heno
men
a su
ch a
s ra
diat
ion
ther
apy,
dia
gnos
tic im
agin
g, a
nd n
ucle
ar p
ower
an
d ex
ampl
es o
f app
licat
ions
of q
uant
um p
heno
men
a su
ch a
s di
gita
l ca
mer
as.
Rep
ortin
g C
ateg
ory
4: W
aves
and
Qua
ntum
Phe
nom
ena
8
K–8 Science Concepts TEKSK
inde
rgar
ten
(6) F
orce
, mot
ion,
and
ene
rgy.
The
stu
dent
kno
ws
that
ene
rgy,
forc
e, a
nd m
otio
n ar
e re
late
d an
d ar
e a
part
of t
heir
ever
yday
life
. The
stu
dent
is
expe
cted
to:
(A)
use
the
five
sens
es to
exp
lore
diff
eren
t for
ms
of e
nerg
y su
ch a
s lig
ht, h
eat,
and
soun
d;(B
)ex
plor
e in
tera
ctio
ns b
etw
een
mag
nets
and
var
ious
mat
eria
ls;
(C)
obse
rve
and
desc
ribe
the
loca
tion
of a
n ob
ject
in re
latio
n to
ano
ther
suc
h as
abo
ve, b
elow
, beh
ind,
in fr
ont o
f, an
d be
side
; and
(D)
obse
rve
and
desc
ribe
the
way
s th
at o
bjec
ts c
an m
ove
such
as
in a
stra
ight
line
, zig
zag,
up
and
dow
n, b
ack
and
forth
, rou
nd a
nd ro
und,
and
fast
and
sl
ow.
Gra
de 1
(6
) For
ce, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt k
now
s th
at fo
rce,
mot
ion,
and
ene
rgy
are
rela
ted
and
are
a pa
rt o
f eve
ryda
y lif
e. T
he s
tude
nt is
ex
pect
ed to
:(A
)id
entif
y an
d di
scus
s ho
w d
iffer
ent f
orm
s of
ene
rgy
such
as
light
, hea
t, an
d so
und
are
impo
rtant
to e
very
day
life;
(B)
pred
ict a
nd d
escr
ibe
how
a m
agne
t can
be
used
to p
ush
or p
ull a
n ob
ject
;(C
)de
scrib
e th
e ch
ange
in th
e lo
catio
n of
an
obje
ct s
uch
as c
lose
r to,
nea
rer t
o, a
nd fa
rther
from
; and
(D)
dem
onst
rate
and
reco
rd th
e w
ays
that
obj
ects
can
mov
e su
ch a
s in
a s
traig
ht li
ne, z
igza
g, u
p an
d do
wn,
bac
k an
d fo
rth, r
ound
and
roun
d, a
nd fa
st a
nd
slow
.G
rade
2
(6) F
orce
, mot
ion,
and
ene
rgy.
The
stu
dent
kno
ws
that
forc
es c
ause
cha
nge
and
ener
gy e
xist
s in
man
y fo
rms.
The
stu
dent
is e
xpec
ted
to:
(A)
inve
stig
ate
the
effe
cts
on a
n ob
ject
by
incr
easi
ng o
r dec
reas
ing
amou
nts
of li
ght,
heat
, and
sou
nd e
nerg
y su
ch a
s ho
w th
e co
lor o
f an
obje
ct a
ppea
rs
diffe
rent
in d
imm
er li
ght o
r how
hea
t mel
ts b
utte
r;(B
)ob
serv
e an
d id
entif
y ho
w m
agne
ts a
re u
sed
in e
very
day
life;
(C)
trace
the
chan
ges
in th
e po
sitio
n of
an
obje
ct o
ver t
ime
such
as
a cu
p ro
lling
on
the
floor
and
a c
ar ro
lling
dow
n a
ram
p; a
nd(D
)co
mpa
re p
atte
rns
of m
ovem
ent o
f obj
ects
suc
h as
slid
ing,
rolli
ng, a
nd s
pinn
ing.
Gra
de 3
(6
) For
ce, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt k
now
s th
at fo
rces
cau
se c
hang
e an
d th
at e
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s. T
he s
tude
nt is
exp
ecte
d to
:(A
)ex
plor
e di
ffere
nt fo
rms
of e
nerg
y, in
clud
ing
mec
hani
cal,
light
, sou
nd, a
nd h
eat/t
herm
al in
eve
ryda
y lif
e;(B
)de
mon
stra
te a
nd o
bser
ve h
ow p
ositi
on a
nd m
otio
n ca
n be
cha
nged
by
push
ing
and
pulli
ng o
bjec
ts to
sho
w w
ork
bein
g do
ne s
uch
as s
win
gs, b
alls
, pu
lleys
, and
wag
ons;
and
(C)
obse
rve
forc
es s
uch
as m
agne
tism
and
gra
vity
act
ing
on o
bjec
ts.
Gra
de 4
(6
) For
ce, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt k
now
s th
at e
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s an
d ca
n be
obs
erve
d in
cyc
les,
pat
tern
s, a
nd s
yste
ms.
The
st
uden
t is
expe
cted
to:
(A)
diffe
rent
iate
am
ong
form
s of
ene
rgy,
incl
udin
g m
echa
nica
l, so
und,
ele
ctric
al, l
ight
, and
hea
t/the
rmal
;(B
)di
ffere
ntia
te b
etw
een
cond
ucto
rs a
nd in
sula
tors
;(C
)de
mon
stra
te th
at e
lect
ricity
trav
els
in a
clo
sed
path
, cre
atin
g an
ele
ctric
al c
ircui
t, an
d ex
plor
e an
ele
ctro
mag
netic
fiel
d; a
nd(D
)de
sign
an
expe
rimen
t to
test
the
effe
ct o
f for
ce o
n an
obj
ect s
uch
as a
pus
h or
pul
l, gr
avity
, fric
tion,
or m
agne
tism
.
© 2012 TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9
K–8 Science Concepts TEKSG
rade
5
(6) F
orce
, mot
ion,
and
ene
rgy.
The
stu
dent
kno
ws
that
ene
rgy
occu
rs in
man
y fo
rms
and
can
be o
bser
ved
in c
ycle
s, p
atte
rns,
and
sys
tem
s. T
he
stud
ent i
s ex
pect
ed to
:(A
)ex
plor
e th
e us
es o
f ene
rgy,
incl
udin
g m
echa
nica
l, lig
ht, t
herm
al, e
lect
rical
, and
sou
nd e
nerg
y;
(B)
dem
onst
rate
that
the
flow
of e
lect
ricity
in c
ircui
ts re
quire
s a
com
plet
e pa
th th
roug
h w
hich
an
elec
tric
curr
ent c
an p
ass
and
can
prod
uce
light
, hea
t, an
d so
und;
(C)
dem
onst
rate
that
ligh
t tra
vels
in a
stra
ight
line
unt
il it
strik
es a
n ob
ject
or t
rave
ls th
roug
h on
e m
ediu
m to
ano
ther
and
dem
onst
rate
that
ligh
t can
be
refle
cted
suc
h as
the
use
of m
irror
s or
oth
er s
hiny
sur
face
s an
d re
fract
ed s
uch
as th
e ap
pear
ance
of a
n ob
ject
whe
n ob
serv
ed th
roug
h w
ater
; and
(D)
desi
gn a
n ex
perim
ent t
hat t
ests
the
effe
ct o
f for
ce o
n an
obj
ect.
Gra
de 6
(8
) For
ce, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt k
now
s fo
rce
and
mot
ion
are
rela
ted
to p
oten
tial a
nd k
inet
ic e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt is
exp
ecte
d to
: (A
)co
mpa
re a
nd c
ontra
st p
oten
tial a
nd k
inet
ic e
nerg
y;
(B)
iden
tify
and
desc
ribe
the
chan
ges
in p
ositi
on, d
irect
ion,
and
spe
ed o
f an
obje
ct w
hen
acte
d up
on b
y un
bala
nced
forc
es;
(C)
calc
ulat
e av
erag
e sp
eed
usin
g di
stan
ce a
nd ti
me
mea
sure
men
ts;
(D)
mea
sure
and
gra
ph c
hang
es in
mot
ion;
and
(E
)in
vest
igat
e ho
w in
clin
ed p
lane
s an
d pu
lleys
can
be
used
to c
hang
e th
e am
ount
of f
orce
to m
ove
an o
bjec
t.(9
) For
ce, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt k
now
s th
at th
e la
w o
f con
serv
atio
n of
ene
rgy
stat
es th
at e
nerg
y ca
n ne
ither
be
crea
ted
nor d
estr
oyed
; it
just
cha
nges
form
. The
stu
dent
is e
xpec
ted
to:
(A)
inve
stig
ate
met
hods
of t
herm
al e
nerg
y tra
nsfe
r, in
clud
ing
cond
uctio
n, c
onve
ctio
n, a
nd ra
diat
ion;
(B
)ve
rify
thro
ugh
inve
stig
atio
ns th
at th
erm
al e
nerg
y m
oves
in a
pre
dict
able
pat
tern
from
war
mer
to c
oole
r unt
il al
l the
sub
stan
ces
atta
in th
e sa
me
tem
pera
ture
suc
h as
an
ice
cube
mel
ting;
and
(C
)de
mon
stra
te e
nerg
y tra
nsfo
rmat
ions
suc
h as
ene
rgy
in a
flas
hlig
ht b
atte
ry c
hang
es fr
om c
hem
ical
ene
rgy
to e
lect
rical
ene
rgy
to li
ght e
nerg
y.
Gra
de 7
(7
) For
ce, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt k
now
s th
at th
ere
is a
rela
tions
hip
amon
g fo
rce,
mot
ion,
and
ene
rgy.
The
stu
dent
is e
xpec
ted
to:
(A)
cont
rast
situ
atio
ns w
here
wor
k is
don
e w
ith d
iffer
ent a
mou
nts
of fo
rce
to s
ituat
ions
whe
re n
o w
ork
is d
one
such
as
mov
ing
a bo
x w
ith a
ram
p an
d w
ithou
t a
ram
p, o
r sta
ndin
g st
ill;
(B)
illus
trate
the
trans
form
atio
n of
ene
rgy
with
in a
n or
gani
sm s
uch
as th
e tra
nsfe
r fro
m c
hem
ical
ene
rgy
to h
eat a
nd th
erm
al e
nerg
y in
dig
estio
n; a
nd
(C)
dem
onst
rate
and
illu
stra
te fo
rces
that
affe
ct m
otio
n in
eve
ryda
y lif
e su
ch a
s em
erge
nce
of s
eedl
ings
, tur
gor p
ress
ure,
and
geo
tropi
sm.
Gra
de 8
(6
) For
ce, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt k
now
s th
at th
ere
is a
rela
tions
hip
betw
een
forc
e, m
otio
n, a
nd e
nerg
y. T
he s
tude
nt is
exp
ecte
d to
: (A
)de
mon
stra
te a
nd c
alcu
late
how
unb
alan
ced
forc
es c
hang
e th
e sp
eed
or d
irect
ion
of a
n ob
ject
’s m
otio
n;
(B)
diffe
rent
iate
bet
wee
n sp
eed,
vel
ocity
, and
acc
eler
atio
n; a
nd
(C)
inve
stig
ate
and
desc
ribe
appl
icat
ions
of N
ewto
n’s
law
of i
nerti
a, la
w o
f for
ce a
nd a
ccel
erat
ion,
and
law
of a
ctio
n-re
actio
n su
ch a
s in
veh
icle
rest
rain
ts,
spor
ts a
ctiv
ities
, am
usem
ent p
ark
rides
, Ear
th’s
tect
onic
act
iviti
es, a
nd ro
cket
laun
ches
.