School School Hydrological Hydrological Information Information

Network (SHINe) Network (SHINe) ProgramProgram

HydrometeorologyHydrometeorology

Meteorology – study of Meteorology – study of atmosphere on weather atmosphere on weather processes and forecastingprocesses and forecasting

Hydrology – study or knowledge Hydrology – study or knowledge of water or the water cycleof water or the water cycle

Common weather Common weather systems affecting the systems affecting the

Philippines:Philippines:

MonsoonsMonsoons

Cold FrontCold Front

Thunderstorm

Inter-tropical Inter-tropical Convergence Convergence

ZoneZoneTropical Tropical CycloneCyclone

Tropical CycloneTropical Cyclone

• Intense low pressure system Intense low pressure system with minimum sustained winds with minimum sustained winds of 35 kphof 35 kph• The country average of about The country average of about 20 Tropical Cyclones annually.20 Tropical Cyclones annually.• Winds are most damaging to Winds are most damaging to structures but most casualties structures but most casualties result from flooding.result from flooding.

Classification of TC Classification of TC in the Philippinesin the Philippines

•Tropical Depression – winds of 35 kph to 63 kph•Tropical Storm – winds of 64 kph to 117 kph•Typhoon – winds of more than 117 kph

Public Storm Warning Public Storm Warning Signals Signals

in the Philippines (in the Philippines (PSWSPSWS))PSWS No. 1PSWS No. 1 – a TC may – a TC may threaten or affect the threaten or affect the locality. Winds not more than locality. Winds not more than 60 kph may be expected in 60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hours (1.5 days)at least 36 hours (1.5 days)PSWS No. 2 PSWS No. 2 – a TC may threaten the locality. Winds from 61 kph to 100 kph may be expected in at least 24 hours

Public Storm Warning Public Storm Warning Signals Signals

in the Philippines (in the Philippines (PSWSPSWS))PSWS No. 3PSWS No. 3 – a TC will affect the locality. Winds from 101 kph to 185 kph may be expected in at least 18 hours.PSWS No. 4 PSWS No. 4 – A very strong typhoon will affect the locality. Very strong winds of more than 185 kph may be expected in at least 12 hours.

Hazards associated with Hazards associated with TCTC

•Strong winds – immediate TC hazard to affect a community•Storm surge – due to winds of TC and the low pressure area

•Landslides – influenced by intensity of rains, soil characteristics, slope, land cover, infiltration, groundwater level, etc.

Hazards associated with Hazards associated with TCTC

•Floods and Flashfloods – due to rainfall volume, basin, & river characteristics, drainage problems, informal settlers, etc.

Types of FloodsTypes of Floods

River overflowing River overflowing (Riverine)(Riverine)Accumulated rainwater Accumulated rainwater

(Ponding)(Ponding)Dam releases and Dam Dam releases and Dam breaksbreaksCoastal flooding – high tide, Coastal flooding – high tide,

storm surge & tsunamistorm surge & tsunami

TsunamiTsunami

Causes of FloodingCauses of Flooding

Rains – primary Rains – primary sourcesourceRiver basin River basin

characteristicscharacteristicsNarrow and Narrow and

winding winding river channelsriver channelsSiltation & Siltation &

sedimentation sedimentation of river channelsof river channels

Flood mitigating Flood mitigating measuresmeasures:

Structural mitigating Structural mitigating measuremeasure: :

Dam, dikes, levees, cut-off Dam, dikes, levees, cut-off channels, retarding basins, channels, retarding basins,

etc.etc.

Flood mitigating Flood mitigating measuresmeasures:

Non-structural mitigating Non-structural mitigating measure:measure:

Zoning, reforestation, Zoning, reforestation, evacuation, sandbagging, evacuation, sandbagging, hazard mapping, dredging, hazard mapping, dredging,

adaptation issues, ubiquitous adaptation issues, ubiquitous flood hazard mapping signs, flood hazard mapping signs, flood forecasting & warning flood forecasting & warning systems, community-based systems, community-based

warning systems, etc.warning systems, etc.

Community-based Community-based Flood Forecasting & Flood Forecasting &

Warning System Warning System (CBFFWS)(CBFFWS)

•A non-structural flood mitigating measure

•Can be quite simple & relatively cheap

•Possible on a real-time basis•Envisage monitoring, info exchange, warning & disaster preparedness and response•Enhances the social &

moral responsibilities of the locals/community through their direct participation.

CBBFWS rainfall & CBBFWS rainfall & monitoring monitoring instrumentsinstruments

Flood Flood MarkersMarkersAutomatic Weather Automatic Weather

StationStationDedicated Communication Dedicated Communication SystemSystem

Warning Warning SystemSystem

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

1. Installation of Rain Gauge & River (water level) Gauge, if school is quite close or very near a river.

•Possible placing a signage to the LCD Monitor of the rain gage to identify the SHINe Program

•This activity is undertaken by the PDMO with the support of the school officials/students

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

Organize a Organize a SHINeSHINe group: group: membersmembers from from Science Science Club Club & & coordinatorscoordinators, , etc.etc.

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

Installation of an Installation of an Information BoardInformation Board ( for ( for

viewing viewing TC locationTC location, , PSWS PSWS infoinfo, , TC trackTC track, , forecastforecast, ,

other related infos.)other related infos.)

•To be undertaken by the SHINe group in the school; board to be located in an area that can be seen by the whole school populace•A map of the Philippines to be placed in the info board; the board shall be updated whenever necessary by students assigned•Plotting & Tracking of Tropical Cyclone

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

Daily observation of rainfall Daily observation of rainfall and/or water leveland/or water level following following

the proper procedures the proper procedures ( ( regular & during regular & during

inclement inclement weather conditions weather conditions ))

•Scheduling of students Scheduling of students to do to do the reading of rainfall &/or the reading of rainfall &/or water level data, even during water level data, even during weekends & holiday.weekends & holiday.•Please follow procedures for observation•Also prepare a schedule for cleaning & maintenance of rain gage & water level gage.

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

Fabricate prototype Fabricate prototype rain gagerain gage & & tie-up tie-up

observation observation with the with the rain gage installed in rain gage installed in

the school.the school.

•Students will make a Students will make a prototype rain gage (glass, prototype rain gage (glass, plastic, tube, etc.) & place plastic, tube, etc.) & place around or near the rain gage; around or near the rain gage; the prototype shall have the prototype shall have means of measurements such means of measurements such as meter stick or graduated as meter stick or graduated values at the outside if glass values at the outside if glass or any available measuring or any available measuring container.container.

•Observations shall follow the time when the rain gage had been read.•Data from both the rain gage Data from both the rain gage & prototype rain gage shall be & prototype rain gage shall be written on a specified form; written on a specified form; data shall also be encoded in a data shall also be encoded in a computer; likewise same computer; likewise same observation from the water observation from the water level gage to be written on level gage to be written on specified formspecified form

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

Provision of observed data Provision of observed data to the PDMO-Bulacan to the PDMO-Bulacan

whenever necessary. Daily whenever necessary. Daily provision provision

after observation of 8 AM after observation of 8 AM or hourly or 3-hourly if or hourly or 3-hourly if

there’s there’s an inclement weather; . . .an inclement weather; . . .

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

… … contacts & system of contacts & system of data transfer to be worked data transfer to be worked out during the orientation out during the orientation

program; monthly program; monthly submission of forms: by submission of forms: by

mail or e-mail, hand-in, etc.mail or e-mail, hand-in, etc.

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

Students shall workout Students shall workout some simple some simple

presentations (and presentations (and reports) to be presented reports) to be presented after 3-4 months on the after 3-4 months on the

following:following:

•Data observations (graphical); Data observations (graphical); some possible explanation on some possible explanation on the data/graph presented the data/graph presented (group)(group)•Presentation on the prototype Presentation on the prototype rain gage & comparison with rain gage & comparison with data from the installed rain data from the installed rain gage; possible issues on data gage; possible issues on data & some unusual readings, etc.& some unusual readings, etc.

•Presentation about the Presentation about the programs of the SHINe group: programs of the SHINe group: presentations on problems presentations on problems encountered with the program encountered with the program or with observations, or with observations, scheduling issues, planned scheduling issues, planned researches & activities, researches & activities, sustainability of the program, sustainability of the program, etc.etc.

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe Program

Development of a webpage Development of a webpage if possible. A group shall if possible. A group shall

make make a webpage of the SHINe a webpage of the SHINe program in their school; program in their school; possible presentation of possible presentation of

data observed, programs of data observed, programs of the school in relation to the school in relation to

SHINe, etc.SHINe, etc.

Activities to be undertaken Activities to be undertaken in a SHINe Programin a SHINe ProgramAn annual/bi-annual An annual/bi-annual

conference will be organized conference will be organized for all the SHINe groups from for all the SHINe groups from the various school involved in the various school involved in

the program. Presentation the program. Presentation from agencies, schools; school from agencies, schools; school

dynamics – contests, dynamics – contests, organization of network, etc.organization of network, etc.

Procedure for Rainfall Procedure for Rainfall ObservationObservation

•Observation shall be done as Observation shall be done as follows: During normal days, follows: During normal days, no significant weather, every no significant weather, every 8AM & 5 PM; During times of 8AM & 5 PM; During times of

inclement weather (TC inclement weather (TC present, monsoon rains, etc.) present, monsoon rains, etc.) every hour or 3-hours; Special every hour or 3-hours; Special

observation whenever observation whenever necessary during a brief heavy necessary during a brief heavy

downpour, downpour, or even during normal or even during normal period if able to do soperiod if able to do so

•Always press the reset button after every observation. Log the data on the respective time-column & day-row of the observation form.

•If there’s no rainfall observed, do not leave blank insteadplace “0” corresponding to the time & day on the form. Do not force a data in the form if you werenot able to observe during that day. If unable to observe the rainfall atthe respective time just fill-in the accumulated data on the next-time column otherwise leave blank.

Procedure for Water Level Observation:Similar with rainfall

observation (8AM & 5PM on regular days & hourly or 3-

hourly during inclement weather)If not able to observe at the

specified time, leave it blank!

Maintenance

Clean the Rain Gage with Clean the Rain Gage with water every 6 months or water every 6 months or

whenever necessarywhenever necessary

Clean when there’s no rain. Do Clean when there’s no rain. Do not forget to reset the LCD not forget to reset the LCD

after cleaning the gage with after cleaning the gage with waterwater

Maintenance

Replace the LCD monitor Replace the LCD monitor button-type battery after a button-type battery after a

yearyearWash the water level gage Wash the water level gage after every flood event or after every flood event or

when there’s dirt on the gage when there’s dirt on the gage repaint whenever necessaryrepaint whenever necessary

Thank you very much.