PLANNING COMMISSIONPLANNING COMMISSIONHRD DIVISIONHRD DIVISION

SCHOOLSCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACYEDUCATION & LITERACY

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SCHOOL EDUCATION

• School Education, broadly covers - 8 yrs. of Elementary, 10 yrs. of Secondary & 12 yrs. of Sr. Secondary Education.

• India’s Educational attainments are low in international comparison on account of a large segment of ‘no schooling’ population.

• Lack of adequate access to education,

• Wide regional, social & gender gaps

• High drop out rates

• A large no of OoSC

• Low literacy, particularly for females

Narrowed down the base for

higher educational attainments of our

country.

GENERAL LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF POPULATION (15YRS & ABOVE

NSS-2009-10- ALL INDIA RURAL+URBAN)- MYS: 5.98 YEARS

32%

22%17%

13%

8%

1% 7%

No Schooling

Primary

Elementary

secondary

Hr. Secondary

Diploma

Degree, PG +

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Twelfth Plan Monitorable Targets

School Education & LiteracyNational Monitorable Targets:• Achieve a Mean Years of Schooling of 7 by 2016-17 • Elimination of all social & gender gaps in enrolment.

Other Targets include:• Increase Secondary Education GER to 90% & Sr.

Secondary GER to 65% • Reduce secondary drop out rate less than 25%.• Reduction in gender gap of literacy by10 percentage points.

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Mean Years of Schooling*

India’s MYS Census, 2001 4.44NSS 2007-08 5.55NSS 2009-10 5.98Twelfth Plan Target 7.00Thirteenth Plan 8.00

The main challenge is bridging gender, social & regional gaps in MYS.

India’s MYS Census, 2001 4.44NSS 2007-08 5.55NSS 2009-10 5.98Twelfth Plan Target 7.00Thirteenth Plan 8.00

The main challenge is bridging gender, social & regional gaps in MYS.

35 STATES/UTs MYS

2 Chandigarh (9.55), Delhi >9

6 Goa, Kerala, Manipur, Nagaland, Daman-Diu & Puducherry >8

7 H.P, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Uttarkhand, A&N Islands & Lakshadweep >7

9 T.N, Karnataka, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, J&K, Sikkim, Tripura, Arunachal Pr. & Assam >6

10A.P, M.P, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, UP, W.Bengal & Dadra N.Haveli Jharkhand, Bihar (4.45). <5.98

S.No Countries 2000 2010

1 Malaysia 9.09 10.14

2 China 7.11 8.17

3 Brazil 6.41 7.54

4 Thailand 6.11 7.49

5 Indonesia 5.23 6.24

6 India 4.19 5.12

(i) AdvancedEconomies

10.65 11.03

(ii) DevelopingCountries

6.15 7.09

(iii) World ( Average) 6.98 7.76

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Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan • SSA was launched in 2001-02 for UEE in the country.

• Addresses - access, equity and quality of elementary education.

• Covers - 20 cr children - 13.6 lakh schools - 12.2 lakh habitations.

• SSA aims to provide useful and relevant elementary education to all children in the age groups of 6-14 years.

• The other objective is to bridge regional, social & gender gaps with the active participation of community in school management.

• SSA is implemented in partnership with States on a fund sharing arrangement of 65:35 (90:10 NER). TFC award also supplements it.

• RTE Act 2009 has come into force in 1.04.2010 & Free and Compulsory Elementary Education is a Fundamental Right of all children in 6-14 years age groups.

• SSA has been harmonized with RTE mandate of norms and standards- infrastructure, teachers, children’s entitlements etc.

• All the States have notified State Rules under RTE Act.

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Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan • The XI Plan allocation for SSA was Rs.71,000 cr. However, the actual funds

released to the States was higher at Rs.77,586 cr . The XII Plan has provided Rs.1,92,726 cr for SSA besides Rs.90,155 cr for Mid-day Meals to provide nutritional support to children, eliminate classroom hunger and strengthen school retention under SSA.

Where SSA Rupee Goes?

37

8

7

6 4 3 2

33

Teachers' Salary Civil Works Training, capacity building, BRC & CRC. Text books& uniforms Grants (TLE, TLM, School Dev., Maintenance, Innovation, Library) KGBV & NPEGEL- EGS/AIE MME& Research IED& Miscellaneous (community mobilisation etc)

What SSA achieved?• SSA provided • School buildings - 6.5 lakh Residential Schools - 3640

Add. Classrooms - 18 lakh Drinking Water - 2.3 lakh• Add. Teachers -19.7 lakh Toilet facilities -7.4 lakh

Cluster Res. Centres - 70, 000 Block Resource Centres 6500

  SSA Progress Indicators 2002 2012  

1 Access to Primary Schools (<1KM) 87% 99% ↑

Upper Primary Schools(<3KM) 78% 95% ↑

2 Enrolment( Class I-VIII) (million) 159 199 ↑

3 Gross Enrolment Ratio (Class I-VIII) 82% 104% ↑

4 Gender gap in enrolments (%age pts.) 17 1.2 ↓

5 Dropout Rate (Class I-VIII) 55% 41% ↓

6 No. of Out of school children (million) 32 8.1 ↓

7 No. of Child Labour (million) 10.6 5.2 ↓

Since 2004-05, SSA enrolled additional 17mil. children of which, girls accounted for 75%(13 mil.) and SCs & STs, 60%(10 mil.)

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Elementary Education-Challenges

•Improving the quality and standards of education in publicly funded schools. •Ensuring RTE Act prescribed norms and standards for schools-meeting residual gaps(DWS-6%, Toilets -16%, Girl’s toilets 35%,Ramps-38%, Boundary walls 45% & additional class rooms.• Providing professionally qualified, trained, motivated competent teachers as per norms.•Enrolling all the OoSC including street children & Children with Special Needs (CWSN) •School retention & ensuring children progress through the education system.

Addressing systemic issues-accountability, untrained teachers(14%), rational deployment, teacher vacancies(12 lakh) & efficient management of schools.

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Elementary Education: 12th Plan Interventions -Quality

•Strong focus on learning outcomes for good quality education.•Ensuring all children acquire basic reading and numeracy skills by Class 2 and skills of critical thinking, expression and problem solving by Class 5.•Teacher Eligibility Tests (TETs) institutionalized and made mandatory for teacher recruitments.  •A National Mission on Teachers and Teaching to deal with issues of teacher education in a holistic manner is being launched. •Periodic review curriculum and school textbooks by NCERT/SCERT. Many states have already completed review of curriculum.

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Elementary Education: 12th Plan Interventions

• Provision of atleast 1 year of well supported well resourced, pre-school education.

• Programmes for learning enhancement including school based supplemental instruction for disadvantaged children.

• Provision of additional KGBVs in EBBs. • Residential schools for children in the areas of civil strife, children of

migrating population and tribal children- Seasonal hostels for children of migrating families.

• Transport/escorts facilities for children - in difficult areas.• Support to States for children enrolled in private schools (RTE 25% quota).• Improved teacher training with emphasis on effective pedagogy given the

multi age, multi grade, multi level contexts. Targeted intervention for STS.• Governance reforms for promoting school education, revisiting land norms

and easing regulations that impede growth of private investments in schools.

Mid Day Meal SchemeMid Day Meal Scheme((World’s largest feeding programme covering over 11 crore children in World’s largest feeding programme covering over 11 crore children in Government Schools, Aided Schools, local body Schools, Madarsas, EGS, AIE & Government Schools, Aided Schools, local body Schools, Madarsas, EGS, AIE & NLCP)NLCP)

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12th Plan :Expected Outcomes

India achieving a MYS of seven years.

Regional, Gender and Social gaps in Elementary Education enrollment bridged & that in Secondary Education substantially reduced.

GERs in Secondary and Sr. Secondary levels exceed 90% and 65%, respectively.

RMSA to become a comprehensive composite scheme for Universalisation of Secondary Education like SSA for EE.

National norms set for Universalisation of Secondary Education (USE) in partnership with private providers as they manage over 60% of secondary schools.

Gender gap in Literacy reduced to 10%age points.

A significant improvement in quality and standards of education in Government Schools.

Transparent governance systems and professional management of schools.