Post on 27-Dec-2015
Scaffolding within WebQuests
Bernie Dodge, PhDSan Diego State University
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Overview
A graphical model for thinking about WebQuests and any constructivist activity
Examples of three points at which scaffolding helps
A taxonomy of scaffolding typesA visual way to plan and analyze
WebQuests
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The Egyptologist Story
Does magic happen when you give children access to an adult expert?
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WebQuest Definitions
Inquiry-orientedBased on a doable, engaging task Uses pre-defined resources from the Web
(and elsewhere)Can be short or long term
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What is Scaffolding?
Scaffolding is a temporary structure which provides help at specific points in the learning process.
It allows learners to complete a challenging task which they would not be able to accomplish without help.
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Why Scaffold?
Because some learners are being left behind
Because you can’t be everywhere at once, so it’s useful to capture some of the help you’d give and make it available for just-in-time learning.
Traditional
Teacher Student
Traditional
Teacher Student
Transmission
Inputs
Constructivist
Inputs
Transformation
Constructivist
Inputs
Transformation
OutputsConstructivist
Inputs
Transformation
OutputsConstructivist
ReceptionScaffolds
Inputs
Transformation
OutputsConstructivist
ReceptionScaffolds
TransformationScaffolds
Inputs
Transformation
OutputsConstructivist
ReceptionScaffolds
TransformationScaffolds
ProductionScaffolds
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How Do We Scaffold?
by… Providing
outlines, guides and templates
Guiding thinking through visual and other means
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Key attributes of good scaffolding
Available for Just-in-time learningSkippable by those who don’t need itBlends content and structure to an
appropriate degreeFades like the Cheshire Cat smile as
students become more adept
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Process Guides
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Reception Scaffolds
Guidance on how to interview an expert
Reading guides Dictionaries and
glossaries Observation guides
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Reception Scaffold Example
http://www-ma.beth.k12.pa.us/jhoke/jhwebquest/jhwebquest.htm
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Back to the Egyptologist Story
Does magic happen when you give children access to an adult expert?
Some visual scaffolding would have helped!
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Students would have been better prepared if they helped generate a diagram like this:
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Transformation Scaffolds
Guidance on applying specific transformations
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Transformation Scaffold Example Chinese
immigrants were treated differently than other groups. Why? How?
Comparing and contrasting with a partially completed Venn Diagram would help.
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Transformation Scaffold Example
Solving a mystery involves building up to a conclusion through a foundation of inferences based on data.
This calls for an Inductive Tower!
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Transformation Scaffold Examples
Edward deBono’s PMI technique can held organize making a judgment about the pros and cons of an issue.
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Transformation Scaffolding Example
The Web Page Design WebQuest uses a graphical organizer to help students compare and contrast different sites.
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Production Scaffolds
Guidance on organizing information in particular formats
Prompted writing templates Multimedia templates
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Production Scaffold Example
In What Would Dewey Do? students are given a template with images in place and asked to recreate a dialog among 4 educational theorists.
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Production Scaffold Example
In Scottsboro Boys’ Trial, students are prompted to create the closing arguments of the prosecuting attorney.
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Time to Explore the Examples
http://webquest.org/
workshops/
scaffolding/
examples.html
Inputs
Transformation
OutputsConstructivist
ReceptionScaffolds
TransformationScaffolds
ProductionScaffolds
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Scaffolding Your Own WebQuest
For every Input, ask yourself…
Do all of my students know how to make sense of this source of information?
Inputs
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Scaffolding Your Own WebQuest
For every Transformation, ask yourself…
Do all of my students know how to manipulate information in this way?
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Scaffolding Your Own WebQuest
For every Output, ask yourself…
Do all of my students know how to produce information in this format?
Outputs
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Where Do Scaffolds Go?
PROCESS
1. Sfk fjdkjf slkjf slkjf s jdfjkdfjlskjf slkjf
2. Gjks gjgls hhslkje sjdk a ghj dh
3. A ngk l wulejk a fkd lkj s fjigl
4. Sjfkll su sljna nms f alkd ffhja
5. Sjf a kj a lblkijb jjkkla bjk
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Degrees of Scaffolding
There’s an appropriate balance point. It depends on your learners.
Spoon Feeding
Sink or Swim
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Degrees of Scaffolding
Don’t scaffold everything… there isn’t time. Pick the 20% that solves 80% of your problems.
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Degrees of Scaffolding
Encourage those who can skip or go beyond the scaffolds to do so. If all student products look the same, something’s wrong.
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Degrees of Scaffolding
Over time, as your learners internalize the structures and skills you want them to have, scaffold less.
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How Do You Make Graphical Organizers?Inspiration GliffyOthers?
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Good Site to Bookmark
http://www.graphic.org/
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Thinking Visually ABOUT WebQuestsWhat we need: a way to visualize a
WebQuest all in one pictureSolution: Lesson Information Diagram
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Lesson Information Diagram
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Uses of the LID
Analyzing existing WebQuestsPlanning new onesExample: here’s the LID for Radio Days
48http://www.thematzats.com/radio/
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Radio Days LID
Scaffolding within WebQuests
Bernie Dodge, PhDSan Diego State University