Post on 17-Jun-2022
Satellite based monitoring of Satellite based monitoring of Satellite based monitoring of Satellite based monitoring of marine and coastal environment of marine and coastal environment of the Northwest Pacificthe Northwest Pacific
Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi*1*1 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka22Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka1.1.NOWPAP CEARACNOWPAP CEARAC22 Nagoya UniversityNagoya University2.2.Nagoya UniversityNagoya University
OutlineOutline
1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP
2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC
3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based monitoring of marine and coastal environmentmonitoring of marine and coastal environment
4 A ti iti f 20124 A ti iti f 2012 201320134. Activities for 20124. Activities for 2012--20132013
1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP 1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP g gg gRegional Sea Program (RSP)Regional Sea Program (RSP)
Launched in 1974 by UNEP to Launched in 1974 by UNEP to Launched in 1974 by UNEP to Launched in 1974 by UNEP to address the accelerating address the accelerating degradation of the world’s degradation of the world’s oceans and coastal areas.oceans and coastal areas.RSP covers 18 regions across RSP covers 18 regions across the world today the world today the world today the world today
NOWPAPNOWPAPNOWPAP region
Adopted Adopted in 1994in 1994
China, Japan Korea and RussiaChina, Japan Korea and RussiaLatitude 33 Latitude 33 5252OONNLatitude 33 Latitude 33 -- 5252OONNLongitude 121 Longitude 121 –– 143E 143E
Structure of NOWPAPInter-governmental
MeetingChina JapanChina JapanKorea Russia MERRAC ,Korea
(Marine Environmental Emergency Preparedness
DINRAC, China(Data and Information
N k & Response Regional Activity Center)
NetworkRegional Activity Centre)
Regional Coordinating UnitToyama Office
JBusan Office
KJapan Korea
CEARAC, JapanCEARAC, Japan(Special Monitoring & Coastal Environmental Assessment Regional
POMRAC, Russia(Pollution Monitoring
Regional Activity Centre)gActivity Centre)
2 Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2 Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARACMissionMission
Assessment of the state of the marine, coastal and Assessment of the state of the marine, coastal and associated fresh water environmentassociated fresh water environmentDevelopment of tool for environmental monitoring Development of tool for environmental monitoring and assessment by satellite remote sensing and assessment by satellite remote sensing
ActivitiesActivitiesHarmful Algal Blooms Harmful Algal Blooms ggRemote Sensing of Marine EnvironmentRemote Sensing of Marine EnvironmentAssessment of eutrophicationAssessment of eutrophicationMarine LittersMarine LittersMarine biodiversityMarine biodiversity
3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based monitoring of marine and coastal environment
Publication of reportsPublication of reports
Provision of satellite data through websitesProvision of satellite data through websitesProvision of satellite data through websitesProvision of satellite data through websites
Capacity building activities for utilization of satellite dataCapacity building activities for utilization of satellite data
Development of methodology for monitoring and assessment Development of methodology for monitoring and assessment of marine and coastal environment by satellite remote of marine and coastal environment by satellite remote yysensingsensing
The above activities are carried out by CEARAC under the support of NOWPAP Working Group 4, comprised of experts from each NOWPAP member countries.
Publicationshttp://cearac.nowpap.org/publications/index.html
National Reports on Ocean Remote Sensing of the NOWPAP Region (2005, 2011)2011)
Integrated Report on Ocean Remote Sensing of the NOWPAP Region (2005)
Eutrophication Monitoring Guidelines by Remote Sensing for the NOWPAP Region (2007)
Integrated Report on Eutrophication Assessment in Selected Sea Areas in the NOWPAP Region: Evaluation of the NOWPAP Common Procedure (2011)
National Report Integrated Report Eutrophication Monitoring Guidelines
Provision of satellite dataProvision of satellite dataNPEC Marine Environmental Watchhtt // 3 j /http://ocean.nowpap3.go.jp/
Sea surface Sea surface temperature
Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll-a concentration
NPEC Marine Environmental WatchNPEC Marine Environmental WatchNPEC Marine Environmental WatchNPEC Marine Environmental WatchMarine Calendar Marine Calendar –– daily satellite imagesdaily satellite imagesAriake Bay, Japan
South Sea in Korea
North sea area of Shandong peninsulaShandong peninsula, China
Peter the Great Bay
NOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing PortalNOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing Portalhttp://www.cearac-project.org/wg4/portalsite/providing links to website and publications onproviding links to website and publications on ocean remote sensing
NOWPAP Ocean Remote SensingNOWPAP Ocean Remote SensingNOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing NOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing PortalPortalGeo referenced satellite images for various applications are available.
Mapping on Google EarthDescription Google Map
Website on oil spill monitoring by Website on oil spill monitoring by iiremote sensingremote sensing
http://cearac poi dvo ru/en/http://cearac.poi.dvo.ru/en/Providing information on techniques and satellite images on oil spill detection by remotesensingg
Development of procedures for Development of procedures for holistic eutrophication assessmentholistic eutrophication assessment
Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status including eutrophication status including evaluation of landevaluation of land--based based
The Common Procedures
evaluation of landevaluation of land based based sources for nutrients for the sources for nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)NOWPAP region (June, 2009)g ( , )g ( , )
Developed with experts of HAB Developed with experts of HAB and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing, and Ocean Remote sensing, referring to experiences in referring to experiences in European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as HELCOM and OSPAR HELCOM and OSPAR
A il bl CEARAC W b it t A il bl CEARAC W b it t Available on CEARAC Website at Available on CEARAC Website at http://cearac.nowpap.org/http://cearac.nowpap.org/
Past training courses on remote sensing in the Northwest Pacific
2009 2011
in the Northwest Pacific
support
October 2013Ocean University of ChinaOcean University of ChinaChinese National Environmental Monitoring Center
2007
2008
IOC/WESTPAC
Ongoing activities for 2012 2013Ongoing activities for 2012 2013Ongoing activities for 2012-2013Ongoing activities for 2012-2013
Regular update of existing websites related remote sensing
Recent publicationsLinks to newly established websites
Development of methodology to preliminary assess marine eutrophication by satellite
4th NOWPAP remote sensing training course
For further information, please visit, phttp://cearac.nowpap.org/
Preliminary assessment of coastal Preliminary assessment of coastal i t hi ti b t i t hi ti b t marine eutrophication by remote marine eutrophication by remote
sensingsensing
Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1 21 2 Ryo TsujimotoRyo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1 21 2 Ryo TsujimotoRyo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1,21,2, Ryo Tsujimoto, Ryo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33
1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University
Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1,21,2, Ryo Tsujimoto, Ryo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33
1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University gy g ygy g y3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
Corresponding author. ECorresponding author. E--mail: terauchi@npec.or.jpmail: terauchi@npec.or.jp
gy g ygy g y3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University
Corresponding author. ECorresponding author. E--mail: terauchi@npec.or.jpmail: terauchi@npec.or.jp
OutlineOutline1. Background1. Background
Procedures Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status for assessment of eutrophication status Procedures Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status for assessment of eutrophication status including evaluation of landincluding evaluation of land--based sources for based sources for nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)
2. Ideas behind the preliminary eutrophication 2. Ideas behind the preliminary eutrophication t b t it b t iassessment by remote sensingassessment by remote sensing
3. Data and method3. Data and method
4. Result of preliminary assessment in Toyama Bay4. Result of preliminary assessment in Toyama Bay
5. Application of the preliminary assessment approach 5. Application of the preliminary assessment approach in other part of Northwest Pacific regionin other part of Northwest Pacific region
6. Conclusion6. Conclusion
1. Background1. BackgroundProcedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status including eutrophication status including evaluation of landevaluation of land--based based
The Common Procedures
evaluation of landevaluation of land based based sources for nutrients for the sources for nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)NOWPAP region (June, 2009)g ( , )g ( , )
Developed with experts of HAB Developed with experts of HAB and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing, and Ocean Remote sensing, referring to experiences in referring to experiences in European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as HELCOM and OSPAR HELCOM and OSPAR
A il bl CEARAC W b it t A il bl CEARAC W b it t Available on CEARAC Website at Available on CEARAC Website at http://cearac.nowpap.org/http://cearac.nowpap.org/
2. Ideas behind 2. Ideas behind -- Strength and Strength and weakness in satellite and in situ weakness in satellite and in situ based monitoring based monitoring based monitoring based monitoring Means of observation Strength Weaknesses
Satellite Remote Sensing
•Wider area and higher temporal coverage
•Low accuracy in estimation of Chl-a in coastal areacoverage
•Free data access over the Internet•Objectively detect
coastal area•No data obtained under cloud•Data is available only
Preliminary Assessment
f i g •Objectively detect relative change
•Data is available only at sea surface
Ship board •Obtain data under
for screening
measurement sea surface•Can obtain accurate measured value
•Data represent only point of information•Analysis of Chl-a need
H li i A •Can obtain many parameters •Long time series
yexpertise•Costly
Holistic Assessment
2 Ideas behind2 Ideas behind2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behindConcept of methodologyConcept of methodologyObjectiveObjective
To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite derived Chlorophyllderived Chlorophyll--a concentration (satellite Chla concentration (satellite Chl--a) a)
Preliminary AssessmentPreliminary AssessmentSecondary checkupfor finding driversHolistic Assessment
Detection of potential Detection of potential eutrophic areaseutrophic areas
by satellite Chlby satellite Chl--aa
Holistic assessmentin the detected potential eutrophic areas with the
Detailed assessmentin the detected potential eutrophic areas with the by satellite Chlby satellite Chl aa p
Common Procedureseutrophic areas with the
Common Procedures
2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behindSimplifying environmental signals Simplifying environmental signals
2. Ideas2. Ideas--behindbehindClassification of EutrophicationClassification of Eutrophication
HDCurrent status high
but decreasing trend
HNCurrent status high but no decreasing or increasing trend
HICurrent status high
and increasing trenddecreasing trend or increasing trend increasing trend
LD LN LILDCurrent status low
anddecreasing trend
LNCurrent status low
and no decreasing or increasing trend
LICurrent status low
but increasing trendg g g
Classification base on the Common Procedures (NOWPAP CEARAC, 2009)Classification base on the Common Procedures (NOWPAP CEARAC, 2009)
3. Data used : satellite data3. Data used : satellite dataSensor NASDA (JAXA) OCTS on ADEOS
NASA SeaWiFS on Orbview 2NASA MODIS on Aqua
Algorithm R2009 NASA standard datasetsDuration 13 Years from Jan 1997 to Dec 2009Data Monthly compositeData Monthly compositeArea Toyama Bay (36.5 to 38ON, 136.5 to 138.5OE)
Jun Dec
MODIS (Aqua)MODIS (Aqua)Present
Jun2002
SeaWiFSSeaWiFS
2009
OCTSOCTS Sep1997
Dec2004
SeaWiFSSeaWiFS
Nov1996
Jun1997
1997 2004
3. Data used : 3. Data used : in situin situ datadataRiver discharge Daily river discharge in the Oyabe and Jinzu RiversTotal Nitrogen
d h hTN and TP in the Oyabe and Jinzu Rivers( hl b d f 986 200 d and Phosphate (monthly observed from 1986 to 2005 and quarterly from 2006 to 2008)
In situ Chl-a Ship observed data at 2km offshore
°136.5°E 138.5°E
In situ Chl a Ship observed data at 2km offshorefrom Apri1997 to Dec 2009
38.0°NLocation of study area
TToyamaBayToyamaBay
1 23 4 56
7
● Water sampling
36.5°NJinzu River
Oyabe River
● Water sampling stations of in situ Chl-a
3. Methods 3. Methods ––h d hlh d hlHigh and Low ChlHigh and Low Chl--aa areaarea
(a) (b)(a) (b)
High Chl-a
Low Chl-a(ug l-1)
Detection of High and Low Chl-a area in Toyama Bay.(a)13-years overall mean of satellite Chl-a. (b) High and Low Chl-aarea determined by the Chl-a level more than 5 ug l-1 referring to the y g gMedium Chl-a condition (>5, <20 ug l-1) of Bricker et al. (2003).
3. Methods3. Methodsl hll hl ddDetecting interannual ChlDetecting interannual Chl--aa trendtrend
(a) (b)(a) (b)
Increase TrendNo Trend
Decrease Trend
(ug l-1/ year)
13-years of satellite Chl-a trend.(a) The trend of annual Chl-a max in monthly mean Chl-a and its significance were estimated at pixel wise by the Sen Slope test at 90%significance were estimated at pixel wise by the Sen Slope test at 90% confidence level. (b) Increase Trend, No Trend and Decrease Trend area were then detected.
4. Results4. Results-- Preliminary assessment Preliminary assessment of eutrophication in Toyama Bayof eutrophication in Toyama Bay
Potential eutrophic area?Potential eutrophic area?Potential eutrophic area?Potential eutrophic area?
HD HN HI
LD LN LI
4. Results 4. Results --Validation of satellite Validation of satellite ChlChl--a a hh hlhlwith in situ with in situ ChlChl--aa
100 100
m-3
)
m-3
)
10
100
10
100
hl-a
(mg
m
hl-a
(mg
m
1 1
10
aWiF
S C
h
OD
IS-A
Ch
0.1 0.1
Se
MO
0.010 01 0 1 1 10 100
0.010 01 0 1 1 10 1000.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
In situ Chl-a (mg m-3)
Comparison of satellite and in situ Chl-a during the studied period in Toyama Bay coastal area.
4. Results 4. Results –– Interannual change of Interannual change of l i i i t f TN d TP l i i i t f TN d TP annual riverine input of TN and TP annual riverine input of TN and TP
30.00
15 00
20.00
25.00
Jinzu TN
ton/
s)
5.00
10.00
15.00 Oyabe TNTN
(t
0.00 2.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
Jinzu TPn/s)
0.00
0.50
1.00
6 7 8 9 0 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 4 5 6 7 8
Jinzu TP
Oyabe TPTP (t
on
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
199 4
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
200 2
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary assessment in Northwest Pacific regionassessment in Northwest Pacific region
HD HN HI
LD LN LI
Tunings requiredTunings required
#1 Reference condition to#1 Reference condition to#1. Reference condition to #1. Reference condition to determine High and Low Chldetermine High and Low Chl--aa
Wh t i i t ChlWh t i i t ChlWhat is appropriate ChlWhat is appropriate Chl--a a amount to maintain balance food amount to maintain balance food web?web?
#2. Reliability of satellite Chl#2. Reliability of satellite Chl--aa
Is the standard satellite data Is the standard satellite data accurate enough?accurate enough?
5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary assessment in Northwest Pacific regionassessment in Northwest Pacific region
Why the result so different?
HD HN HI
Why the result so different?
LD LN LI
Standard algorithm YSLME Case 2 algorithm
6 Conclusion6 Conclusion6. Conclusion6. Conclusion
Preliminary assessment of eutrophication by satellitePreliminary assessment of eutrophication by satelliteUsefulness was validated in Toyama Bay
Application to the suggested methodology to the other areas
Things to be tunedReference Chl-a condition Al i h f Algorithms for case II water
Collaboration with YSLMEC i t b t Consistency between sensors
Thank you very y ymuch!