Post on 13-Jul-2015
Introduction
Presented by Priyantha Sunendra
What is the Health • Health according to W.H.O is
physical and Mental well being
What is Safety
Safety is not status of not experiencing both physical and
mental health
Who is the safety man ?
• S – Skills• A – Attitude • F – Friendliness • E- Efficiency , Effective • T – Thoughtfulness• Y – You and Your brother keeper
Safety and Health at work
• being mentally and physical The concern for an employees well
• Methods or way to keep employees healthy and safe
• Employers concern • Employees concern
What is Hazards • Hazards are item and issues in the
work environment witch can cause an illness or injury
What is Risk • Risk is the chance of meeting with an
accident / Injury and Illness due to a hazard
Type of Hazards
• Physical Hazards• Chemical Hazards• Mechanical Hazards• Electrical Hazards• Psychological Hazards• Ergonomics Hazards
Physical Hazards • Noise • Vibration • Lighting • Climate• Lifting • Dust • House Keeping
Physical Hazards
Noise
• Due to the long term exposure of high level of noises
• More than 85 db per 8 hour working day
Effects of Noise Exposure
The table below shows noise levels and how long a person can be exposed without hearing protection before there is damage to the ear.
Noise Level Allowable Exposure Time
• 85 decibels 8 hours• 90 decibels 4 hours• 100 decibels 1 hour• 105 decibels 30 minutes• 110 decibels 15 minutes• 115 decibels 0 minutes
Daily Allowable Exposure Times to Noise
Physical Hazards
• Lighting 300 Lux Rough Work
500 Lux Middle Work 1000 Lux Precision work
• Climate Minimum 24 Cº
Humanity 53% to 58%• Dust Level
0.3 µm to 5 µm
Physical Hazards
• Lifting ( One Man )
Max Total load 25 Kg
Physical HazardsHouse Keeping
• Cleaning • Clear Passage ways • Work station good order • Tool & Equipment good order • Disposal of debars & Litters
Disposal of debars & Litters
International Color cord for debars & letter dustbin
• Steel Brown • Paper / cardboard Blue • Polyethylene Orange • Glass Red • Garbage Green
Reduce the volume of waste
• Reduce : Generate waste through more efficient practice
• Reuse :Re use waste material in their original form
• Recycle : convert waste back into a usable material
• Recover : extract material or energy from waste fro other use
Mechanical Hazards
• Rotating functions • Power Transition functions• Shear point • Other moving & lifting parts
Other moving & lifting parts
Periodic Test requirement under factories ordinance No. 45 of 1942
Machinery Examine Period
• Hoist & Lift Every 12 months• Chains , Ropes & Every 6 months lifting Tackles • Cranes & other lifting machine Every 14 months• Air receivers Every 24 Months • Gas Receivers Every 12 months
Electrical Hazards • Bad design of apparatus• Bad Maintenance• Improper use of apparatus• Temporary connection• Unauthorized power supply• Lack of PPE
What is hazardous chemical
• Toxic or very toxic• Corrosive• Harmful• Irritant• Cancer causing• Explosive• Radioactive• Flammable
Chemical HazardsHuman contact • Actual effect• Chronic effect• Local effect• Systemic effect Property Damage • Fire • Explosion Environmental Contamination• Air• Green• Water
Type of Chemicals
How to improve chemical safety
• Identification• Evaluate• Organizing • Controlling
Identification
Labels Minimum Requirement
• Legible • Name of Chemicals • Warning
NFPA Diamond
MSDS
Symbols and Indications of danger Chemicals
• Toxic
• Corrosive
Symbols and Indications of danger Chemicals
• Harmful
• Oxidizing
Symbols and Indications of danger Chemicals
• Highly Flammable
• Explosive
Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards
• Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury
• Employers must:Use all feasible engineering and work practice
controls , administrative controls to eliminate and reduce hazards
Then use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards.
• Remember, PPE is the last level of control!
Engineering Controls If . . .• The machine or work environment can
be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,
Then . . .• The hazard can be eliminated with an
engineering control.
Engineering Controls …(contd)
Example
• Initial design specifications
• Substitute less harmful material
• Change process
• Enclose process
• Isolate process
• Ventilation
Work Practice Controls If . . .• Employees can be removed from
exposure to the potential hazard by changing the way they do their jobs,
Then . . .• The hazard can be eliminated with a
work practice control.
Work Practice Controls Examples
• Use of wet methods to suppress dust• Personal hygiene• Housekeeping and maintenance• Job rotation of workers
PPE Personal protective
equipment is A physical material or
equipment that is placed between the
employee and workplace hazards to
reduce the injury potential of the
hazard
Example of PPE
• Eye - safety glasses, goggles• Face - face shields• Head - hard hats• Feet - safety shoes• Hands and arms - gloves• Bodies - vests• Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs
Eye Protection
What are some of the causes of eye injuries?
• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust
• Molten metal that might splash• Acids and other caustic liquid
chemicals that might splash• Blood and other potentially infectious
body fluids that might splash, spray, or splatter
• Intense light such as that created by welding and lasers
Safety Spectacles• Made with metal/plastic safety frames• Most operations require side shields• Used for moderate impact from particles
produced by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling
Goggles • Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the
facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes
• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses
Face Shields Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared
or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter,
and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.
Head Protection
What are some of thecauses of head injuries?
• Falling objects• Bumping head against fixed objects,
such as exposed pipes or beams• Contact with exposed electrical
conductors
Type of hates Class A• General service (e.g., mining, building construction,
shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing)• Good impact protection but limited voltage
protection (2200 V)Class B• Electrical work• Protect against falling objects and high-voltage
shock and burns (22000V)Class C• Designed for comfort, offer limited protection• Protects heads that may bump against fixed
objects, but do not protect against falling objects or electrical shock
Hearing Protections
Hearing Protection – when is it required?
protection is mandatory; however, a good rule
of thumb is that hearing protection should be
used if you have to shout at someone standing
3 feet away from you to be heard over the noise.
Examples of Hearing Protectors
Ear Muff Ear Plug Cane capes
Hearing Protection – when is it required?
• Hearing loss from noise exposure is usually not noticed because it is so gradual.
• Usually a person loses the ability to hear higher pitches first.
• Often the first noticeable effect is difficulty in hearing speech
Effects of Noise Exposure• The damage from exposure to
noise occurs in the inner ear.
• There are tiny hair cells in this part of the ear that are flattened out when exposed to noise.
• If the exposure is short, the hair cells raise back up. If the exposure is long or extremely loud, the hair cells don’t recover and hearing ability is reduced.
• • When all the hair cells are
damaged, complete deafness occurs.
• “People who say they are “used to the noise” often have already lost some of their hearing.”
Inserting Foam Earplugs Foam EarplugsFoam type earplugs are one-size-fits-all and must
be inserted properly into the ear.
The technique for inserting earplugs is to first, roll the earplug into a small cylinder, pull the ear up and back, this opens the ear canal. Push the ear plug into the ear canal and hold there for a few seconds until it
expands and fills the ear canal. This will provide the tightest fit and greatest protection
Inserting Foam Earplugs Foam Earplugs
Earplug incorrectly inserted Earplug Insert correctly
The left picture shows plugs only partially inserted into the ear canal – a common mistake.
Safety Shoes • Have impact-resistant toes
and heat-resistant soles that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries
• Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds
• May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards
Foot Protection
•Toe box impact resistance•Toe box compression resistance•Metatarsal protection when required•Electrical protection•Sole puncture resistance
What are some of the hand injuries you need to guard
against?• Burns• Bruises• Abrasions• Cuts• Punctures• Fractures• Amputations• Chemical Exposures
Body protections
What are some of thecauses of body injuries?
• Intense heat• Splashes of hot metals and other hot
liquids• Impacts from tools, machinery, and
materials• Cuts• Hazardous chemicals• Contact with potentially infectious
materials, like blood• Radiation
RespiratorsPrevent pesticide exposure
through the respiratory system
When should a respirator be used?
• When the label requires it
• When exposed to spray mist
• When using dusts, gases, vapors, or fumigants
Always select equipment approved by
• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Make sure the cartridge or filter is rated for the chemical you are using
• Read the label.
Use and Care of Respirators
• MUST have tight seal!
• Fit-check and make sure it works before every use.
• after the initial purchase
• whenever a different face piece is used
Get to Fresh Air Immediately
if...• You smell or taste contaminants• Your eyes, nose or throat become
irritated• Your breathing becomes difficult• The air you are breathing becomes
uncomfortably warm• You become nauseous or dizzy
Prohibitive SignsColor – Red Meaning • Stop• ProhibitedContrast Color• WhiteColor of Graphic Symbol• Black Application Example • Stop , Emergency Stop• Prohibitive sign • Fire fighting Equipment
Warning SignsColor – Yellow Meaning • Caution • Potential Danger Contrast color• BlackColor of Graphics symbol• BlackApplication Example• Notice of Hazards• Notice of Obstructions
Information SingsColor - GreenMeaning • Information Contrast Color • White Color of Graphics or symbols• WhiteApplication Examples• First Aid• Emergency Exit
Mandatory SignsColor – BlueMeaning• Mandatory Notice Contrast Color • WhiteColor of Graphics Symbol• White Application Examples• Requirement of wear
PPE
Wear Safety Glasses
Wear Ear Protection
Wear Safety Shoes
Wear Protective Gloves
Wear Protective Clothing
Wear Face Protections
Wear Hard Hat
Wear Protective Mask
Follow Instruction
First Aid
Fire Assembly point
No Fire / Open Flame or Smoking
Do not Wear Chain & Bracelet
Operating with Long Hair Prohibited
Warning Combustible Material
Danger High Voltage