Post on 10-Mar-2018
ROLLER CONE BITSOil and Gas Products2012 - 2013
About Varel International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Varel Roller Cone Drill Bit Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Advanced Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
High Energy Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
DuraTech Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-9 Compass Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-11
A-Force Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13
High Roller Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-15
Varel Jumbo Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-17
Work Over Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-21
Bit Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Premium Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23-25
Roller Cone Reference Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-27
Bit Shipping Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
API Casing Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table of Contents
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About Varel International
“We will deliver ever-increasing value to our customers and other stakeholders by exceeding industry standards for performance, service and innovation.”
Founded in 1947, Varel International is the world’s largest independent supplier in the global oil & gas drill bit market . Varel offers a comprehensive product line of roller cone and fixed cutter (PDC) drill bits that have evolved and improved through patented drill bit technologies and emerging drilling technologies .
Varel aligns its engineering and manufacturing capabilities to provide customers with high-quality products that deliver reliability and optimum performance .
• High-quality manufacturing
• Product and process innovation
• Delivering integrity in all of our relationships
• Responsibility towards health, safety, and the environment
• Creating customers for life
Scan our updated catalog for our latest products, features and premium options . Then contact the Varel sales office near you to discuss innovative and cost-effective solutions for your next drilling project .
Varel Roller Cone Drill Bit Technology
Varel Drill Bit TechnologyVarel roller cone bits are designed and manufactured to provide high levels of performance and reliability . The product lines are the result of years of industry experience and thousands of hours of field tests in the most demanding applications . Every detail of the design and manufacturing process results in a product built to meet or exceed the requirements of our customers .
Using electronic logs and our proprietary GeoScience™ program, Varel evaluates characteristics of rock formations . This program enables Varel to determine rock compressive strength, abrasivity, shale reactivity .
Additionally, Varel has developed proprietary algorithms for cutting structure and bearing designs to ensure each product design consistently performs in a variety of applications . Algorithms are used to design cutting structures to achieve desired rates of penetration, resist tracking and combat off-center operation . Bearings and seal systems are designed using models that assure adequate load capacity and seal wear life in high rotary speed and/or applications with high solids in the circulation system .
Materials used in the construction of roller cone bits are sourced from leading suppliers who have the ability to produce consistently to high standards and meet firm delivery schedules . Varel operates using the philosophy of partnering with suppliers in order to build long-term relationships that provide quality materials and components which result in increased value to our customers .
Our manufacturing processes are designed to be robust and repeatable . These processes are constantly monitored and continuously reviewed to provide the drilling industry with ever-increasing value . All Varel roller cone design and manufacturing facilities are managed through quality programs meeting the requirements of both ISO 9001:2008 and API Q1 . These quality programs are designed with an emphasis on consistency, quality and continuous improvement in all aspects of our business .
Varel products are tailored for specific applications by customizing from a rich set of optional features . These features, shown throughout this catalog, provide additional value as they are designed to give increased wear protection in demanding drilling applications . This results in longer bit life and reduced costs for our customers .
All Varel products are delivered with superior service . No matter where you are in the world, Varel sales and technical service personnel are experts on local drilling conditions and problem avoidance, and can assist you with proper drill bit and operating parameters selection . From well proposals to onsite monitoring, Varel is available to help you plan and drill your well successfully .
Varel maintains an industry leading bit record database that is utilized to monitor bit performance and to ensure appropriate bit selection in the well planning process .
Varel Roller Cone Availability
Product Name Size Range TCI Steel Tooth Air
High Energy 7 1/2 - 13 3/4" •
Compass 3 3/4 - 7 3/8" •
A-Force 6 1/8 - 12 1/4" • •
DuraTech 3 3/4 - 13 3/4" •
Steel Tooth, Open Bearing
2 7/8 - 44" •
High Roller 14 3/4 - 18 1/2" • •
Jumbo 20" + • •
7-1-0035, 7-1-0035 .1
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Advanced Technologies
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of an insert hole
GeoScience builds a virtual model of the geology of the well sections to be drilled.
Advanced Technologies for Design AnalysisVarel engineers utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate fluid flow around roller cone bits and evaluate design hydraulics prior to field tests .
CFD analysis allows nozzle orientations to be optimized to eliminate fluid stagnation zones and to ensure both cone cleaning and hole cleaning are optimal . Evacuating the cuttings efficiently allows the bits to deliver the highest penetration rates possible .
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to analyze new roller cone bit designs in the early stages of the process to ensure product reliability under a wide variety of operating conditions . The insert hole and bearing geometries are analyzed through FEA and designed to enable them to withstand the high loads encountered in severe drilling applications .
GeoScience™ is Varel’s proprietary well log, lithology, and rock property analysis software . Varel has developed proprietary algorithmic analytical capabilities to create a leading tool for drill bit applications analysis . Using customer-supplied mud logs, drilling logs, and electric log data, Varel builds a virtual model of the make up of the well sections to be drilled . Historic bit performance is evaluated using a specific energy method that allows for correlation across different bore diameters . The GeoScience technology and method leads to a far better understanding of the drilling challenge to be met and assists in identifying the type of drill bit for the application .
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› Improved shirttail hardfacing
› Patented HET carbide inserts
› High capacity journal bearing
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
› Optional diamond enhancement features available
› V-Jet™ hydraulics package
› Advanced compensation system
› Patented conical seal gland
› Patented heat shield
Our product development team started with a higher load capacity bearing geared toward higher weight and motor applications. Bearing reliability was also enhanced through closely controlled assembly tolerances.
High Energy Series
Reliability
High Energy SeriesPrevious Technology100%
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Proven technology meets enhanced featuresThe High Energy product line consists of our 7½" to 13¾" sealed journal bearings with tungsten carbide cutting structures . The bits are built with time-proven O-ring seal technology, but with new features that greatly enhance the effective life of the seals . First, a patented conical seal gland design has been employed . This new geometry positions the seal in such a way that it can better handle
pressure fluctuations and still maintain a preferred dynamic sealing location and interface . The new seal gland is further complemented by an industry exclusive* heat shield deployed between the seal and the inner bearing . This shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generated in the bearing . The result is a lower operating temperature for the seal that also extends seal life .
*Patented
An improved seal and bearing systemThe High Energy Series includes innovations that increase bearing life and seal protection . Engineers developed a bearing system designed to support higher loads on the bearing surface, which resulted in a more robust and more tightly
toleranced journal bearing . In addition, a new anti-shale packing configuration is incorporated, improving cuttings diversion away from the mud side of the seal gland .
Self-draining reservoirWe have incorporated a larger dome-vented grease reservoir into the bearing system that is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer, higher load and higher RPM runs . This new reservoir provides a 13 percent increase in capacity over previous designs
and is configured to be “self-draining” to avoid cuttings buildup adjacent to the reservoir . This feature improves the reliability of reservoir performance when a High Energy Series bit is rerun .
Increased wear resistanceTo ensure greater durability, we have incorporated a new shirttail hard metal formulation that significantly increases wear resistance in this critical area of the bit . Upgraded shirttail enhancements, including leading edge shirttail inserts, stabilization inserts and diamond enhanced shirttail protection, also are available .
High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting performanceThis proprietary process for improving the attributes of tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) overcomes the traditional trade-off between wear resistance and fracture toughness of tungsten carbide components and actually makes TCI components both harder and tougher . The HET process constitutes one more quality assurance step in the manufacturing of tungsten carbide inserts . We manufacture the inserts used in our products and control all of the HET processing and inspection of inserts .
As a leading manufacturer and global supplier to the drilling industry, we are proud to advance the next generation in drill bit performance – the Varel High Energy Series.
This innovative series ushers in a line of roller cone bits capable of increasing drilling performance by effectively utilizing higher energy inputs in the form of increased rotary speed, increased weight on bit, or both .
To create the High Energy Series, our engineers used an integrated systems approach . At every point in the development process, each element was refined and enhanced to add to the durability and drilling rate of these new bits . As a result, our High Energy Series bits are able to withstand applications where the combination of bit weight and rotary speed is at the high end of the spectrum, and by doing so deliver better performance and outcomes in critical applications .
› Improved shirttail hardfacing
Overview
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DuraTech Series
› Patented Conical Seal Gland The newly designed seal gland is constructed to resist cuttings packing into the seal area .
› Patented Heat Shield The heat shield ring is deployed between the seal and inner bearing and acts as a thermal insulator to the seal from heat generated in the bearing .
› Back Row Inserts Durable tungsten carbide inserts assist in maintaining gage while drilling .
› Increased Wear Resistance Tungsten carbide inserts provide additional wear resistance and shirttail protection when needed .
› Improved Bearing Grease DuraTech bits have incorporated a high temperature, high lubricity bearing grease that assists in the reduced generation of internal bearing heat, allowing bearings to last longer .
› Improved Shirttail Hardfacing Using DuraClad Hardmetal Technology, both the composition and application of hardmetal to the shirttail area of the bit are enhanced .
› Enhanced Hardmetal A newly enhanced hardmetal material is welded to DuraTech bits for added durability and long life .
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Overview
Varel International, a leading manufacturer of drill bits and global supplier to the drilling industry, is proud to introduce the next generation of steel tooth bits – the Varel DuraTech™ Series.
This steel-tooth series of products, available from 3-3/4” to 13-3/4,” delivers rapid rate of penetration (ROP) and new hardmetal protection that provides life-enhancing durability in the most demanding environments .
DuraTech bits can withstand the added stress that operators place on bits when additional weight and greater RPMs are necessary .
The series is designed to provide:
• Added durability in abrasive environments• Increased ROP• Directional responsiveness• A solution for sticky shale drilling
Designed for Durability Varel used a systematic approach when developing the DuraTech series, delivering a product that can reliably withstand high-energy inputs while maintaining expectations of high ROP and increased footage .
DuraTech bits combine innovative manufacturing processes, quality materials and highly trained personnel, and have repeatedly been proven in field tests to provide reliable, lasting performance . Additionally, Varel’s extensive technology platform delivers patented advancements in DuraTech’s seal and bearing package .
DuraClad™ Hardmetal TechnologyDuring development of DuraTech bits, welding specifications for hardmetal application were investigated, reviewed and adjusted to produce accurate, repeatable outcomes . The DuraClad Hardmetal Technology specifications now allow for a 20 percent increase in hardmetal application to the critical areas of the bit . This produces a bit with a more durable, long-lasting cutting structure . Skilled welders are provided with extensive application training and are regularly audited as part of Varel’s commitment to quality .
DuraTech™ bits have continually delivered reliable performance in drilling applications ranging from sticky shale to abrasive sands, proving that DuraTech roller cone bits are designed with durability that goes the distance.
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Compass Series
› Custom gage row designs available
› Patented HET carbide inserts
› Enhanced shirttail protection
› Patented conical seal gland
› Patented heat shield
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
› Improved hardfacing near reservoir for wear resistance in directional applications .
› Highly responsive cutting structure design
Compass series bits have proved highly effective across the spectrum of slimhole operations. Available in sizes ranging from 3-3/4” to 7-3/8,” the smaller diameter tungsten carbide insert bits meet the extreme demands of slimhole applications.
In one slimhole application for a major operator in Western Canada, a 158.7mm Compass bit was challenged to increase meters drilled while maintaining an acceptable rate of penetration (ROP). This application requires the bit to pass through increasingly hard formations including the abrasive, sharp sands of the Cadomin/Nikanassin formations. Varel supplied the operator with the Compass CM44DMRS bit, which is equipped with a diamond enhanced back row, as well as leading edge shirttail inserts and stabilization inserts. The bit successfully drilled 180 meters, down to 1985 meters depth. This performance netted a 19.4 percent improvement in meters drilled when compared to the closest competitor offset. Using this same competitor offset, a 31 percent improvement in ROP was realized.
Performance Chart
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Cutting structures designed for high ROP and steering response.
Heat shield ring with a conical seal gland helps prevent thermal degradation of the seal.
High capacity grease reservoir improves lubrication within the bearing.
View of the internal bearing structure. The advanced bearing metallurgy included in this series provides for a stronger, more stable bearing surface.
Overview
Compass™ Series Slimhole BitsReduced size casing programs, re-entries, multi-laterals, and coiled tubing drilling all require steerability, reliability and efficient rate of penetration . Engineered with application specific technology, the Compass Series Slimhole Bits provide excellent steerability and high rates of penetration even when weight on bit is limited . The bearing provides long, reliable performance in deep hole, long reach sections where increased RPMs in motor applications are commonly encountered .
Series Features and Benefits
› Advanced cutting structure and gage
Compass series bits are made with highly responsive cutting structures designed for increased drilling speed and unsurpassed steerability . The dense shirttail protection included in the gage of slimhole bits provides superior durability in directional applications .
Custom gage row designs are available to optimize the bit for specific drilling applications . Semi-round top (SRT) inserts or flat topped diamond inserts are applied to harden the gage where required .
› Patented conical seal gland
Constructed to resist cuttings packing in the seal area, the unique geometry of the seal gland provides significant benefits during high angle drilling .
› Patented heat shield
Deployed between the seal and inner bearing, this shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generated in the bearing .
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
Advanced synthetic grease allows for improved lubrication and greater reliability in high speed motor applications .
› High capacity reservoir
The redesigned reservoir is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer and higher RPM runs .
› Patented High Energy Tumbled™ (HET) cutting inserts
Cutting elements undergo the HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant .
› Advanced bearing metallurgy
Compass bits are equipped with a silver plated journal bushing, silver plated floating thrust washer, pilot pin and enhanced bearing hardmetal alloy for increased durability and reliability .
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A-Force Series
› Back row gage protection
› Advanced cutting structure
› Shirttail protection
› Advanced compensation system
› Replaceable steel jet nozzles with nail retention
› HET™ conical inserts
Heat shield ring with a conical seal gland helps prevent thermal degradation of the seal
Cutaway view of the new high load bearing system
All new head forgings maximize leg strength while increasing clearance area for cuttings removal
Diamond enhancement upgrades are available for both the shirttail and primary cutting structure. These upgrades can be especially beneficial in abrasive air, mist and foam applications.
› Hardfacing near reservoir for wear resistance in lateral sections and building angle
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Patented High Energy Tumbled Inserts
High capacity grease reservoir system improves grease distribution within the bearing
Overview
A-Force™
In the quest for higher rates of penetration, operators are increasingly turning to underbalanced drilling that utilizes air, water mist and foam fluid systems . These complex systems require specialized bits to maximize efficiency and performance .
Varel has been engineering roller cone bits for air and underbalanced drilling applications since 1994 . Now Varel introduces the A-Force series of sealed journal bearing jet air bits to meet the needs of these applications and provide superior results .
Newly Engineered Bearing and Seal SystemIncluded on all A-Force series bits is an updated sealed journal bearing system designed with new technology that improves management of bearing heat and better accommodates high drilling loads .
› Advance cutting structure and gage
A-Force series bits use cutting structures designed for increased drilling speed in underbalanced drilling applications . The dense shirttail protection included in the gage provides superior durability in directional applications .
› Patented conical seal gland
Constructed to resist cuttings packing in the seal area, the unique geometry of the seal gland provides significant benefits during high angle drilling .
› Patented heat shield
Deployed between the seal and inner bearing, this shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generate in the bearing .
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
Advanced synthetic grease allows for improved lubrication and greater reliability in high speed motor applications .
› High capacity reservoir
The redesigned reservoir is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer and higher RPM runs .
› Patented High Energy Tumbled™ (HET) cutting inserts
Cutting elements undergo the HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant .
› Advanced bearing metallurgy
A-Force bits are equipped with a silver plated journal bushing, silver plated floating thrust washer, pilot pin and enhanced bearing harmetal alloy for increased durability and reliability .
Patented High Energy Tumbled (HET) InsertsVarel A-Force bits are designed with tough HET conical inserts with medium extension . The conical shape promotes high ROPs in underbalanced drilling . The engineered cutting structures of A-Force bits are both durable and efficient .
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High Roller Bit
Patented HET™ Carbide Inserts
The cutting elements in TCI bits undergo Varel's patented HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant .
Patented Conical Seal Gland
A best practice from the High Energy series, the geometry of the seal gland assists in maintaining a preferred dynamic sealing interface .
Highly Engineered Roller Bearing
This anti-friction bearing package assists in reducing heat generation and bearing torque for higher RPM runs .
New Forging Design
Redesigned forgings accommodate larger reservoirs, hydraulics features and steel is reallocated to maximize strength . In addition, the forgings' overall length is minimized for enhanced steerability and hydraulic efficiency .
DuraClad™ Hardmetal TechnologyThrough intense investigation of welding specifications for hardmetal application, processes were reviewed and adjusted to produce accurate, repeatable outcomes . The DuraClad™ Hardmetal Technology specifications now allow for a 20% increase in hardmetal application to the critical areas of the bit . This produces a bit with a more durable, long-lasting cutting structure . Skilled welders are provided with extensive application training and are regularly audited as part of Varel’s commitment to quality .
Using the solid foundation of the proven High Energy™ series, Varel has expanded its roller cone product line with the introduction of the High Roller™ drill bit series . The series features our 14 ¾” to 18 ½” sealed roller bearing bits and is available as both TCI and Steel Tooth designs . Innovations from the High Energy series such as the patented seal geometry, coupled with a new, larger lubricant reservoir, allow High Roller bits to support longer bit life and increasingly demanding applications . Bit designers also worked to tailor specific cutting structure designs to match operating requirements and parameters, including those for complex well placements such as in directional and rotary steerable drilling .
New Bearing Lubricant
A new high viscosity grease is used to reduce friction and increase reliability in higher temperature applications . Grease flow paths were increased to aid in free communication of lubricant .
Optimized Cutting Structure
High Roller cutting structures are designed to maximize ROP and directional control . Steel tooth cutting structures have high offset, wide tooth spacing, and anti-tracking tooth deletions to maximize action on bottom and resist balling . TCI cutting structures are calculated to maximize ROP with available weight on bit . Inserts are designed with aggressive tooth extensions, durable shapes, and feature HET processing to provide reliable performance in vertical sections or on steerable systems .
Enhanced Hardmetal
Newly enhanced DuraClad™ Hardmetal Technology, a new hardfacing compound, is applied to provide additional durability to critical areas of the bit and to steel tooth cutting structures for long lasting performance .
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Overview
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Varel Jumbo Bits
Available in sizes ranging from 20" to 44" (508mm - 1117 .6mm), Varel is the industry leader in jumbo bits for oil and gas wells .
Engineered for ExcellenceOur jumbo bit products are engineered to help you improve rate of penetration (ROP) and reduce your drilling costs . Each Varel jumbo bit is engineered with:
• Advanced cutting structures—both TCI and steel tooth options available in popular sizes
• Reliable bearing packages—engineered for dependable service in the most demanding applications
• Optional premium features designed to allow for customization to enhance bit performance in particularly challenging drilling conditions
Product Availability You Can Rely OnDue to increased global demand for jumbo-sized bits, Varel has invested heavily to expand our jumbo product by implementing “lean” manufacturing operations . This investment in technical personnel and equipment has improved manufacturing efficiencies resulting in optimum product availability and delivery for our customers .
BIG ON PERFORMANCERELIABLE JUMBO BITS FOR LARGE DIAMETER TOP HOLE SECTIONS
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Overview
Varel Jumbo Sealed Bit Availability by IADC Code Varel Jumbo Non-sealed Bit Availability by IADC Code
Additional Features
Advanced Cutting Structures:
› TCI Bits
TCI cutting structures are designed to be durable while maintaining the highest efficiency in rock destruction .
› Steel Tooth Bits
Each design has the row placement, tooth spacing and cutter geometry determined to provide high drilling efficiency, minimize tooth wear and prevent tracking in a wide variety of formations and conditions .
Bearing Types Available:
› Sealed Roller Bearings for Motor Applications
Our sealed bearings for jumbo bits feature ball and roller configurations engineered to withstand the combination of high rotary speed and weight on bit in today’s demanding drilling operations .
› Open Roller Bearings
Traditional roller and ball bearings utilizing thrust buttons for axial bearing loads give reliable performance under a variety of rotary speeds and loads .
› Varel Jumbo Bit Optional Features
Bit Sizes Steel Tooth Bits
Tungsten Carbide Insert Bits
IADC Code 115 135 215 415 435 445 515 615
Inches mm
22 558 .8 • •
22 .375 568 .33 •
23 584 .2 • • • • •
23 .5 596 .9 •
24 609 .6 • • •
26 660 .6 • • • • • •
28 711 .2 • •
Bit Sizes Steel Tooth Bits
IADC Code 111 113 131 211
Inches mm
20 508 •
21 533 .4 •
22 558 .8 •
23 584 .2 •
24 609 .6 •
26 660 .6 • • • •
27 .5 698 .5 •
28 711 .2 •
33 838 .2 •
34 863 .6 •
36 914 .4 •
38 .25 971 .55 •
44 1117 .6 •
*Not available on Steel Tooth Bits
Feature Name Feature Code
Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones* E
Center Jet Nozzle J
Shirttail Hardfacing M
Stabilization Inserts R
Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts S
Diamond Enhanced Shirttail Protection Z
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Workover Bits
Varel International offers the industry's broadest selection of high quality drill bits for remedial, re-entry and frac plug drilling applications including:
• Our classic open bearing steel tooth bits, the renowned L2, L1 and LH1, proven in workover applications worldwide .
• The newly introduced DuraTech line of sealed bearing steel tooth bits.
• The Compass Series, high performance small diameter sealed bearing tungsten carbide insert bits .
• Tough-Drill Series and Navigator Series PDC drill bits.
Our bits are produced under the highest quality standards to ensure they withstand your most demanding workover needs .
Every Varel roller cone bit is designed with an emphasis on consistency, excellence and continuous improvement . Furthermore, all are manufactured in accordance with the ISO 9001:2008 and API Q1 quality management guidelines . (API License Number 7-1-0035 .1 Varel Roller Cone Manufacturing)
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Overview
Industry Leading Roller Cone Rock Bits for Re-entry and Remedial OperationsThe multifaceted demands of workover operations demand top bit performance . Varel’s roller cone workover bits are designed to deliver across the spectrum of workover applications including; drilling cement, drilling composites and plugs, paraffin clean out, scale clean out, thru tubing operations, coiled tubing operations and drill ahead re-entries .
› Process Controls
Critical tooth hardfacing processes on steel tooth bits are continually monitored and updated to ensure the highest quality hardfacing deposit .
› Advanced Metallurgy
Varel uses tightly specified premium materials and processing techniques in the manufacture of our oilfield workover bits insuring oilfield grade quality in our complete line .
› Heat Treatment
Heat treatment is key to bearing reliability . Varel’s heat treatment process selectively carburizes and hardens bearing faces and wear surfaces, while ensuring a tough core microstructure . This combination provides long, reliable bearing performance .
› Forged Steel Tooth Cutting Structure
Varel was the pioneer in the development of forged cones for steel tooth rotary cone rock bits . This superior method provides stronger, more impact-resistant teeth when compared with milling because the metal grain structure from the forging process is preserved, resulting in higher load bearing, longer bit life and faster penetration .
Varel's classic line of open bearing steel tooth bits, including the L2, L1, and LH1 incorporate open throat hydraulics . These bits accommodate either regular through string flow or reverse circulation which is frequently used to control a re-entered well .
› Skirting
Bit skirting is an option for reverse circulation applications . Drill bit skirts are created through welding a triangular piece of mild steel between the legs of the bit toward the cones with the intention of directing fluid to the bottom of the hole to pick up cuttings before turning and exiting the center of the bit . Bits annotated with a K feature bit skirting .
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L2
IADC Code 211
Compressive Strengths: 4,000 to 10,000 (psi)
All Regular Circulation: 2-15/16" and larger
Gage Types: “A” Tooth
Formations: Wide range of medium formations such as altered limestones, shales, anhydrite and other formations with medium compressive strengths .
Features: Moderately skewed cone design . Teeth hardfaced on one flank to resist abrasion . Vented “A” type gage gives high rates of penetration .
L1
IADC Code 321
Compressive Strengths: 8,000 – 18,000 (psi)
All Regular Circulation: 3-1/2" and larger
Gage Types: “A” Tooth
Formations: Specifically designed for fast penetration in formations that are hard, but not particularly abrasive .
Features: Designed to conform to latest drilling techniques requiring heavier weights . Similar in design to the LH1, but does not have webbed heel row .
LH1
IADC Code 331
Compressive Strengths: 9,000 – 20,000 (psi)
All Regular Circulation: 2-7/8" and larger
Gage Types: “U” Tooth
Formations: Hard formations, such as pyrite, chert, dolomites, granite porphyry and other formations which have high compressive strengths and are abrasive .
Features: Closely spaced, strong short teeth for maximum crushing and chipping .
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Workover Bits
DURATECH BITSThis steel tooth series of products delivers rapid rate of penetration (ROP) and new hardmetal protection for life-enhancing durability in the most demanding environments. This series incorporates Varel's new technology sealed bearing system. DuraTech bits can withstand the added stress that operators place on bits when additional weight and greater RPMs are necessary.
The series is designed to provide:• Added durability in abrasive environments• Increased ROP• Directional responsiveness• A solution for sticky shale drilling
COMPASS BITS
Re-entries, multi-laterals, and coiled tubing drilling all require steerability, reliability and efficient rate of penetration. Engineered with application specific technology, the new Compass Series Slimhole Bits provide excellent steerability and high rates of penetration even when weight on bit is limited.
These tungsten carbide insert bits are equipped with a patented bearing package to provide long, reliable performance in deep hole, long reach sections where increased RPMs in motor applications are commonly encountered .
PDC BITS
Varel's leading lines of matrix and steel body PDC drill bits are also available for workover applications including coiled tubing, composite plugs and drilling ahead in motor applications. Remedial PDC bits are available in sizes ranging from 3-1/2” to 8-1/2”, please contact your Varel Representative for specific information.
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HE24DMRSV
Indicates Bit SeriesHE - High EnergyDT - DuraTechCM - CompassAF - A-ForceHR - High Roller
Number SystemOne digit:
Steel tooth cutting structure
Softest-to-hardest (1-6)
Two digits:
TCI cutting structure
Softest-to-hardest (00-99)
Even numbers - Predominately chisel-shaped inserts Odd numbers - Predominately conical-shaped inserts
Bit Nomenclature
Feature Name Feature Code TCI Bit Steel Tooth Bit
Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones
E Optional -
Cone Back Row Insert Protection
G Standard Optional
Steel Center Air Jet Nozzle > 7 7/8" only
H Optional -
Center Jet Nozzle > 7 7/8" only
J Optional Optional
Shirttail Hardfacing M Standard Standard
Stabilization Inserts R Optional Optional
Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts
S Optional Optional
V-Jet Hydraulics VStandard on > IADC 537
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Diamond Enhanced Shirttail
Z Optional Optional
Diamond Feature Enchanced Nomenclature TCI Bits Steel Tooth
Bits
33% Back Row D • •
50% Back Row D1 • •
66% Back Row D2 • •
100% Back Row D3 • •
33% Back Row + 100% Gage DD •
50% Back Row + 100% Gage D1D •
66% Back Row + 100% Gage D2D •
100% Back Row + 100% Gage D3D •
Full Diamond Structure D3DD •
Diamond Leading Edge Shirttail Z • •
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Shirttail Protection
Motor Hardfacing —M Feature
Leading Edge and Hardfacing —S Feature
Stabilization and Hardfacing —R Feature
Diamond Enhanced and Hardfacing — Z Feature
To enhance gage holding and seal protection, Varel roller cone bits provide value with a variety of shirttail protection packages for high-angle drilling, abrasive formations and steerable applications . These shirttail protection packages can be used to tailor bits to meet your drilling needs .
› Motor Hardfacing (M Feature)
For demanding motor applications, a generous application of tungsten carbide hardfacing is applied to the shirttail lower edge and leading edge of the bit leg to provide enhanced seal protection .
› Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts (S Feature)
Tungsten carbide inserts are placed along the leading edge of the shirttail providing additional wear resistance in motor applications commanding high RPM or where additional shirttail protection is needed .
› Stabilization Inserts (R Feature)
Stabilization inserts enhance standard shirttail patterns by providing bit stabilization and additional protection to the pressure compensator in high-angle applications or in deviation-prone formations .
› Diamond Enhanced Shirttail Inserts (Z Feature)
In Varel’s premium shirttail protection package PCD-capped inserts replace tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) in strategic locations to provide maximum shirttail protection in abrasive formations or directional applications .
23
› Diamond Enhanced Back Row (D Feature)
One third of the carbide, back-row inserts are replaced with polycrystalline diamond (PCD)-capped inserts to increase gage holding in abrasive applications .
› Diamond Enhanced Gage and Back Row (DD Feature)
One third of the back row and all gage inserts utilize PCD-capped inserts to maximize gage holding .
› Fully Diamond Enhanced Cutting Structure (D3DD Feature)
All inserts are PCD-capped to extend bit life in the most extreme drilling conditions . The premium D3DD package features a fully PCD-clad cutting structure providing excellent wear resistance in the harshest environments .
› Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones (E Feature)
All exposed portions of the TCI cones are coated with tungsten carbide to provide maximum resistance in applications where cone shell erosion limits bit life .
› Steel Center Air Jet Nozzle (H Feature)
Air type bits offer an optional center air jet nozzle featuring three additional ports for enhanced cutting structure and enhanced hole cleaning . (Available only in 7 7/8" bits and larger .)
› Center Jet Nozzle (J Feature)
A fourth interchangeable jet is installed in the center of the bit to reduce bit balling or provide extra flow capacity . (Available only in 7 7/8" bits and larger .)
› V-Jet Hydraulics
The V-Jet aimed flow stream produces better cone cleaning, which improves bit penetration rates . In addition to new head forgings, the new designs maximize leg strength while minimizing overall bit length, helping to deliver more hydraulic horsepower to the hole bottom .
Premium Options
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Impact Strength Testing
2 3 4 5
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Dro
p Im
pact
Sur
viva
l Rat
e
Drop Height
Drop Height
2345
Survival Rate HET
100%100%100%40%
Survival Rate Non HET
33%0%0%0%
Non HETHET
High Energy Tumbled (HET)
High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting performanceThis proprietary process for improving the attributes of tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) overcomes the traditional trade-off between wear resistance and fracture toughness of tungsten carbide components and actually makes TCI components both harder and tougher . The HET process constitutes one more quality assurance step in the manufacturing of tungsten carbide inserts . We manufacture the inserts used in our products and control all of the HET processing and inspection of inserts .
Static Bending Strength
Non HETHET
210%
Incr
ease
High Energy Tumbled (HET) Tungsten Carbide
› Patented process
› Proven to increase insert toughness
› Results in greater overall penetration rates
› Reduced drilling costs
Ben
ding
Str
engt
h in
lbs
25
Roller Cone Reference Tables Bit Connections, Total Flow AreaGage Diameter Tolerances
Roller Cone Gage Diameter TolerancesSize of Bit Inches (in)
in. in. mm
13 3/8 and smaller + 1/32 - 0 + 0 .80 - 0
13 25/32 to 17 1/2 inclusive + 1/16 - 0 + 1 .59 -0
17 17/32 and larger + 3/32 - 0 + 2 .38 -0
Roller Cone Bit Connection SizesSize of Bit
in.Size and Style of
Rotary Pin Connection
2 7/8 to 3 3/8 inclusive 4 Thread N Rod
3 1/2 to 4 1/2 inclusive 2 3/8 API REG
4 5/8 to 5 inclusive 2 7/8 API REG
5 1/8 to 7 3/8 inclusive 3 1/2 API REG
7 1/2 to 9 3/8 inclusive 4 1/2 API REG
9 1/2 to 14 3/8 inclusive 6 5/8 API REG
14 1/2 to 18 1/2 inclusive 6 5/8 API REG or 7 5/8 API REG
18 5/8 to 26 inclusive 7 5/8 API REG or 8 5/8 API REG
27 and larger 8 5/8 API REG
Nozzle Total Flow Area (TFA) Table
Nozzle Size
Nozzle Flow Area (square inches)
1 Nozzle
2 Nozzles
3 Nozzles
4 Nozzles
7/32 0 .0376 0 .0752 0 .1127 0 .1503
8/32 0 .0491 0 .0982 0 .1473 0 .1963
9/32 0 .0621 0 .1243 0 .1864 0 .2485
10/32 0 .0767 0 .1534 0 .2301 0 .3068
11/32 0 .0928 0 .1856 0 .2784 0 .3712
12/32 0 .1104 0 .2209 0 .3313 0 .4418
13/32 0 .1296 0 .2592 0 .3889 0 .5185
14/32 0 .1503 0 .3007 0 .4510 0 .6013
15/32 0 .1726 0 .3451 0 .5177 0 .6903
16/32 0 .1963 0 .3927 0 .5890 0 .7854
17/32 0 .2217 0 .4433 0 .6650 0 .8866
18/32 0 .2485 0 .4970 0 .7455 0 .9940
19/32 0 .2769 0 .5538 0 .8307 1 .1075
20/32 0 .3068 0 .6136 0 .9204 1 .2272
21/32 0 .3382 0 .6765 1 .0147 1 .3530
22/32 0 .3712 0 .7424 1 .1137 1 .4849
24/32 0 .4418 0 .8836 1 .3254 1 .7671
26/32 0 .5185 1 .0370 1 .5555 2 .0739
28/32 0 .6013 1 .2026 1 .8040 2 .4053
30/32 0 .6904 1 .3808 2 .0711 2 .7615
32/32 0 .7855 1 .5710 2 .3565 3 .1420
Note: Some bit types are available with alternate connection sizes by special order .
The gage diameter of the cutting edge of the bits shall conform to the size designation within the following tolerances:
© American Petroleum Institute
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Roller Cone Reference TablesMakeup Torque TablePin Size/Nozzle Table
Recommended Roller Cone Makeup TorqueAPI Pin Size Recommended Torque
in. ft - lbs N - m
2 3/8 Reg . 3,000 - 3,500 4,100 - 4,800
2 7/8 Reg . 4,500 - 5,500 6,100 - 7,500
3 1/2 Reg . 7,000 - 9,000 9,500 - 12,200
4 1/2 Reg . 12,000 - 16,000 16,000 - 22,000
6 5/8 Reg . 28,000 - 32,000 38,000 - 43,000
7 5/8 Reg . 34,000 - 40,000 46,000 - 54,000
8 5/8 Reg . 40,000 - 60,000 54,000 - 81,000
Nozzle Size & AvailabilityBit Size Range
Bearing TypeStandard Nozzles Mini-Extended Nozzles
in. mm Part No. Available Sizes Part No. Available Sizes
3 7/8 - 4 1/2 98 .5 - 114 .3 SEALED 15669 8 thru 16, 18 - -
4 5/8 - 6 117 .4 - 152 .4 SEALED 5940 8 thru 16, 18, 20 - -
6 1/8 - 6 3/4 155 .6 - 171 .5 SEALED 17536 8 thru 16, 18, 20 - -
7 1/2 - 7 7/8 190 .5 - 200 .0SEALED 5941
8 thru 16, 18, 20,
22, 24, 26, 2812102 9 thru 16, 18, 20
9 7/8 250 .9
8 1/4 - 9 7/8, 11,
12
209 .6 - 250 .9,
279 .4, 304 .8SEALED
67038 thru 16, 18, 20,
22, 24, 26, 2812278
9 thru 16, 18,
20, 2212 1/4 - 15 1/2 311 .2 - 393 .7 ALL
16 - 28 406 .4 - 711 .2ALL 10735
9 thru 20, 22, 24,
26, 28, 30, 3217597
12 thru 16, 18,
20, 22, 24, 2844 1117 .6
Center Jet Nozzle Size & AvailabilityBit Size Range
Bearing TypeCenter Jet Nozzles
in. mm Part No. Available Sizes
7 7/8 - 9 7/8 200 .0 - 250 .9 ALL 32477 8 thru 16
10 5/8 - 28 269 .9 - 711 .2 ALL 12400 8 thru 16, 18, 20
Makeup torque is for pin size only, not bit diameter .
27
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Bit Shipping Weights
Roller Cone Bit Shipping WeightsTCI Steel Tooth
Bit Diameter Approximate Weight Approximate Weight
in. mmRegular
lbs. kg
Jet
lbs. kg
Regular
lbs. kg
Jet
lbs. kg
2 7/8 - 2 15/16 73 .0 - 74 .6 4 .5 2
2 15/16 - 3 74 .6 - 76 .2 9 4
3 1/8 - 3 1/4 79 .3 - 82 .5 4 .5 2
3 1/2 88 .9 9 4
3 1/2 - 3 3/4 88 .9 - 95 .2 9 4
3 7/8 98 .4 10 5
3 7/8 - 4 1/8 98 .4 - 104 .7 9 4
4 101 .6 15 7
4 1/8 104 .7 15 7
4 1/4 107 .9 11 5
4 1/2 114 .3 11 5 12 5
4 5/8 117 .4 12 5
4 3/4 120 .6 20 9 16 7 21 10
4 7/8 - 5 123 .8 - 127 .0 16 7
5 1/8 130 .1 20 9
5 1/8 - 5 1/2 130 .1 - 139 .7 17 8
5 1/4 133 .1 36 17 20 9
5 5/8 142 .8 36 17 27 12
5 5/8 - 5 7/8 142 .8 - 149 .2 25 12
5 3/4 146 .0 27 12
5 7/8 149 .2 38 17 27 12
6 152 .4 38 17 36 16 27 12 33 15
6 1/8 155 .5 38 17 36 16 27 12 33 15
6 1/4 158 .7 42 19 30 14 37 17
6 1/2 - 6 5/8 165 .1 - 168 .3 42 19 32 15
6 3/4 171 .4 46 21 33 15 46 21
7 3/8 187 .3 41 19
7 5/8 193 .6 67 30 70 32
7 7/8 200 .0 81 37 67 30 71 33
8 3/8 212 .7 83 38
8 1/2 215 .9 93 42 92 42 86 39
8 3/4 222 .2 101 46 92 42 86 39
9 5/8 244 .4 116 53
9 7/8 250 .8 137 62 116 53 133 60
10 5/8 269 .8 190 86 131 60
11 279 .4 190 86 140 64
12 304 .8 210 95 180 82
12 1/4 311 .1 228 105 180 82 213 97
13 3/4 349 .2 275 125 253 115
14 3/4 - 15 374 .6 - 381 .0 336 152 345 157
16 406 .4 580 264 442 192
17 1/2 444 .5 621 282 450 204 505 229
20 508 .0 647 294
22 558 .8 891 404
24 609 .6 1125 510
26 660 .4 1625 737 1411 640
28 711 .2 1300 590
36 914 .4 4219 1914
Roller Cone Reference Tables
29
API Casing Dimensions and Bit DiametersDimensions Bit Size
Size OD in.
Weight Per Foot
Nominal lbs.
Wall Thickness
in.
Nominal Inside
Diameter in.
Casing Coupling OD in.
API Drift Diameter in.
Recommended Bit Size Diameter
in. mm
4 1/2
9 .50 .205 4 .090 5 .000 3 .965 3 7/8 98 .410 .50 .224 4 .052 5 .000 3 .927 3 7/8 98 .411 .60 .250 4 .000 5 .000 3 .875 3 7/8 98 .413 .50 .290 3 .920 5 .000 3 .795 3 3/4 95 .2
5
11 .50 .220 4 .560 5 .563 4 .435 41/4 107 .913 .00 .253 4 .494 5 .563 4 .369 41/4 107 .915 .00 .296 4 .408 5 .563 4 .283 41/4 107 .918 .00 .362 4 .276 5 .563 4 .151 4 1/8 104 .8
5 1/2
14 .00 .244 5 .012 6 .050 4 .887 4 7/8 123 .815 .50 .275 4 .950 6 .050 4 .825 4/34 120 .717 .00 .304 4 .892 6 .050 4 .767 4/34 120 .720 .00 .361 4 .778 6 .050 4 .653 4 5/8 117 .523 .00 .415 4 .670 6 .050 4 .545 4 1/2 114 .3
6 5/8
20 .00 .288 6 .049 7 .390 5 .924 5 7/8 149 .224 .00 .352 5 .921 7 .390 5 .796 5 3/4 146 .128 .00 .417 5 .791 7 .390 5 .666 5 5/8 142 .832 .00 .475 5 .675 7 .390 5 .550 5 1/4 133 .4
7
17 .00 .231 6 .538 7 .656 6 .413 6 1/4 158 .720 .00 .272 6 .456 7 .656 6 .331 6 1/4 158 .723 .00 .317 6 .366 7 .656 6 .241 6 1/4 158 .726 .00 .362 6 .276 7 .656 6 .151 6 1/8 155 .529 .00 .408 6 .184 7 .656 6 .059 6 152 .432 .00 .453 6 .094 7 .656 5 .969 5 7/8 149 .235 .00 .498 6 .004 7 .656 5 .879 5 7/8 149 .238 .00 .540 5 .920 7 .656 5 .795 5 3/4 146 .1
7 5/8
24 .00 .300 7 .025 8 .500 6 .900 6 3/4 171 .426 .20 .328 6 .969 8 .500 6 .844 6 3/4 171 .429 .70 .375 6 .875 8 .500 6 .750 6 3/4 171 .433 .70 .430 6 .765 8 .500 6 .640 6 1/2 165 .139 .00 .500 6 .625 8 .500 6 .500 6 1/2 165 .1
8 5/8
24 .00 .264 8 .097 9 .625 7 .972 7 7/8 200 .028 .00 .304 8 .017 9 .625 7 .892 7 7/8 200 .032 .00 .352 7 .921 9 .625 7 .796 7 5/8 193 .736 .00 .400 7 .825 9 .625 7 .700 7 5/8 193 .740 .00 .450 7 .725 9 .625 7 .600 6 3/4 171 .444 .00 .500 7 .625 9 .625 7 .500 6 3/4 171 .449 .00 .557 7 .511 9 .625 7 .386 6 3/4 171 .4
9 5/8
32 .30 .32 9 .001 10 .635 8 .845 8 3/4 222 .236 .00 .352 8 .921 10 .635 8 .756 8 3/4 222 .240 .00 .395 8 .835 10 .635 8 .697 8 1/2 215 .943 .50 .435 8 .755 10 .635 8 .599 8 1/2 215 .947 .00 .472 8 .681 10 .635 8 .525 8 1/2 215 .953 .50 .545 8 .535 10 .635 8 .397 8 3/8 212 .7
10 3/4
32 .75 .279 10 .192 11 .750 10 .036 9 7/8 250 .840 .50 .350 10 .050 11 .750 9 .894 9 7/8 250 .845 .50 .400 9 .950 11 .750 9 .794 9 5/8 244 .551 .00 .450 9 .850 11 .750 9 .694 9 5/8 244 .555 .50 .495 9 .760 11 .750 9 .604 9 1/2 241 .360 .70 .545 9 .660 11 .750 9 .504 9 1/2 241 .365 .70 .595 9 .560 11 .750 9 .404 9 228 .6
11 3/4
42 .00 .333 11 .084 12 .750 10 .928 10 5/8 269 .947 .00 .375 11 .000 12 .750 10 .844 10 5/8 269 .954 .00 .435 10 .880 12 .750 10 .724 10 5/8 269 .960 .00 .489 10 .772 12 .750 10 .616 9 7/8 250 .8
13 3/8
48 .00 .330 12 .715 14 .375 12 .559 12 1/4 311 .154 .50 .380 12 .615 14 .375 12 .459 12 1/4 311 .161 .00 .430 12 .515 14 .375 12 .359 12 1/4 311 .168 .00 .480 12 .415 14 .375 12 .259 12 1/4 311 .172 .00 .514 12 .347 14 .375 12 .191 12 304 .8
1665 .00 .375 15 .250 17 .000 15 .062 14 3/4 374 .675 .00 .438 15 .125 17 .000 14 .936 14 3/4 374 .684 .00 .495 15 .010 17 .000 14 .822 14 3/4 374 .6
18 5/8 87 .50 .435 17 .756 20 .000 17 .567 17 1/2 444 .5
2094 .00 .438 19 .124 21 .000 18 .936 17 1/2 444 .5
106 .50 .500 19 .000 21 .000 18 .812 17 1/2 444 .5133 .00 .635 18 .730 21 .000 18 .542 17 1/2 444 .5
8
World HeadquartersDallas, Texas USA Tel: 1 .800 .827 .3526Tel: 972 .242 .1160Fax: 972 .242 .8770info@varelintl .com
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C.I.S.Moscow, RussiaTel: +7 .495 .363 .6874Fax: +7 .495 .363 .6875
MIDDLE EASTAbu Dhabi, UAETel: +971 .2644 .8414Fax: +971 .2644 .8424
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Western Hemisphere
WESTERN UNITED STATESForth Worth, Texas USATel: +1 .800 .827 .3526Tel: +1 .817 .439 .1183Fax: +1 .817 .439 .4294
Odessa, Texas USATel: +1 .800 .371 .1658Tel: +1 .432 .367 .1658Fax: +1 .432 .550 .5385
GULF COAST & SOUTH TExASHouston, Texas USATel: +1 .888 .272 .5334Tel: +1 .281 .670 .2401Fax: +1 .281 .227 .6681
MID-CONTINENTOklahoma City, Oklahoma USATel: +1 .888 .731 .4046Tel: +1 .405 .672 .3633Fax: +1 .405 .672 .4696
ROCKIESCentennial, Cola. USATel: +1 .303 .768 .8182Fax: +1 .303 .672 .4696
CANADACalgary, Alberta CanadaTel: +1 .888 .988 .4988Tel: +1 .403 .266 .5801Fax: +1 .403 .303 .2693
Eastern Hemisphere Varel Offices Locations
© VAREL INTERNATIONAL 2011
MKTG 11C500-12-2011