Post on 20-May-2015
description
16th Amendment
Established a national income tax (1913).Congress has power to tax individual and
corporate incomes.
17th Amendment
Allowed voters to choose US senators (1913).
Before 17th amendment US senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Examples of popular sovereignty
Susan B. Anthony
Leader of SUFFRAGETTE (women's voting rights) movement in 19th century.
1872: arrested in NY for trying to vote
19th Amendment approved 13 years after her death
Life Changes for Women
Women were told to go back home when the men came home to the factories after WWI
Many women stayed in the workforce as typists, cleaners, cooks, servants, seamstresses, teachers, secretaries, and store clerks
Many women bought ready-made clothing instead of making their own
Many women bought appliances to help them with housework after working a full day outside of the home
19th Amendment
Equal voting rights for women in federal and state elections (1920)
Suffrage amendment
Prosperity"Good times" enjoyed
by Americans in 1920s after World War I.
Employment and wages were high and workers bought more consumer goods and had more leisure time.
Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism-a religious movement where the followers believed every word of the Bible was literally true.
This movement led to many social debates in the US. One of the largest was the teaching of evolution in public schools.
Evolution-change over time.
The teaching of evolution was banned in 3 states, including Tennessee.
1925 John Scopes, a biology teacher broke the law and taught his students Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Scopes trial drew national attention and became known as Scopes Monkey Trial.
Scopes was found guilty but TN Supreme Court reversed decision.
Scopes Trial
Trial in Tennessee in 1925 involving John Scopes, biology teacher who taught theory of evolution at a time when only creation theory accepted in Tennessee and 12 other states
"Monkey trial”Lawyers – Clarence
Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryan
Clarence DarrowFamous defense
attorney known for flamboyant courtroom behavior and antics, defended Eugene Debs in 1894 union case
Defended John Scopes in 1925 "Monkey Trial"
William Jennings Bryan Nebraska congressman;
candidate for president in 1896;
Prosecuting attorney in John Scopes 1925 "Monkey Trial“
Bible man Presidential candidate in
1900 and 1908 elections Democrat POPULIST movement,
which declared rich should pay more
Prohibition
Eighteenth Amendment-Established Prohibition (1919)
Prohibition-a total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor throughout the US
Drys-those who supported Prohibition
Wets-those who opposed Prohibition
Bootlegging-selling something illegally
Speakeasies-illegal bars and clubs that sold alcohol. Could only be entered by speaking a secret password.
Organized Crime-a group of people controlling the illegal actions being done. In the case of bootlegging organized crime controlling the illegal sale of alcohol.
Impact of the Automobile
Car sales grew rapidly in the 1920s because Henry Ford’s assembly line made them so cheap
General Motors also became a popular seller of cars
Changing Lifestyles Due to the Automobile
Millions of jobs were created through factories, oil refineries, roads, highways, truck stops, gas stations, restaurants and tourist stops
Many Americans began to move to the suburbs to escape crowded conditions in cities
Mass Culture
Radio
Movies
(Above, lines outside a movie theatre)
(Left, family listening to the radio
The Jazz Age
Fashion Fads, flappers
Marathon Dancing
Fads-interests that many people follow with great excitement for a short amount of time
Flappers: Women who wore short skirts (to the knees), bright red lipstick, hair cut short, smoked and drank in public, and drove fast cars
More Fads
Flagpole sitting: Where young people would sit for hours and even days on top of a flagpole. (The record: 21 days!)
The Dance Craze
The CharlestonHas a quick beatDancers kick out
their feet
New Music
Jazz: Born in New Orleans, created by African Americans, combination of West African rhythms, African American songs and spirituals, European harmonies
Famous jazz musicians: Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, “Jelly Roll” Morton
A New Generation of American Writers
Depressed about their awful experiences in World War I
Criticized Americans for being obsessed with money and fun
Many became expatriates (people who leave their own country to live in a foreign land) and moved to Europe
Ernest Hemingway
Wrote about experiences of Americans during WWI and in Europe
Wrote A Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises, The Old Man in the Sea
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Wrote about wealthy young people who go to constant parties but cannot find happiness
He wrote The Great Gatsby
His characters had flappers, bootleggers, and movie makers
Sinclair LewisGrew up in a small
town in Minnesota and moved to New York City
He wrote books about rural people from a city person’s perspective (making them look stupid)
Wrote Main Street and Babbitt
The Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s, many African American artists settled in Harlem, New York City
Black artists, musicians, and writers celebrated their African and American heritage
Harlem Renaissance Poets
Claude McKay: From Jamaica, wrote the poem, “If We Must Die” that condemned lynchings
Countee Cullen: Taught high school in Harlem, wrote of the experiences of African Americans
Zora Neale Hurston
Write novels, short essays, short stories
Traveled throughout the South in a battered car collecting folk tales, songs, and prayers of black southerners
Published these in her book, “Mules and Men”
Langston Hughes
Most well-known of the Harlem Renaissance poets
Also wrote plays, short stories, and essays
First poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”
Encouraged African Americans to be proud of their heritage
Protested racism and acts of violence against blacks
“The night is beautiful,
So the faces of my people.
The stars are beautiful,
So the eyes of my people.
Beautiful also, is the sun.
Beautiful also, are the souls of my people.”
-Langston Hughes, “In My People”
Heroes of the 1920s
Athletes: Bobby Jones: Won nearly every golfing championship Jack Dempsey: Heavyweight boxing champion for 7
years Bill Tilden and Helen Willis: Tennis champions Gertrude Ederle: 1st woman to swim the English
Channel
Babe Ruth
Grew up in an orphanage
Often in trouble as a boy
Hit 60 homeruns in one season, and 714 overall
Called the “Sultan of Swat”
Charles LindberghThe greatest hero of
the 1920sThe first person to fly
an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean alone
Flew from New York to Paris
Called “Lucky Lindy” because he had to fly for 33 ½ hours and didn’t carry a parachute, a radio, or a map
Women Gain the Right to Vote19th Amendment in
1920 gave women the right to vote
Carrie Chapman Catt set up the League of Women Voters
This group tried to educate voters and ensure the right of women to serve on juries
Vice President Calvin Coolidge Becomes President
“Silent Cal” spoke and spent little (Harding loved to throw parties and give long speeches)
He forced corrupt officials to resign
He was re-elected in 1924 with the slogan “Keep Cool With Coolidge”
From War Goods to Consumer Goods
Coolidge cut regulations on businesses
Americans’ incomes rose
People began to buy refrigerators, radios, vacuums, and other appliances
Businesses began to advertise their products
“Coolidge Prosperity”
“The business of America is business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there. Calvin Coolidge
What does President Calvin Coolidge believe American Prosperity rests on?
Buying on Credit
Installment Buying= Buying on Credit (Buy now, pay later)
Credit-pay a small amount each month until an item was paid for.
Interest-a charge for borrowed moneyDemands for goods jumped, but so did Americans’
debt“If we want anything, all we have to do is go and buy it on
credit. So that leaves us without any economic problems whatsoever, except that perhaps some day to have to pay for them.”
–Comedian Will Rogers
Soaring Stock Market
By the late 1920s, more people were investing in the stock market
People became rich overnight
Bull Market: Period of rapidly increasing stock prices
Prices of stocks rose more quickly than the value of the companies themselves