Rhythmic Similarity

Carmine Casciato

MUMT 611

Thursday, March 13, 2005

Overview

Music Tech research into rhythmic similarity Representations Problem of segmentation

Usage

Usage

Computer accompaniment systems

Ethno-musicological research

Database management Queries by humming Genre classification

Speech processing

Paulus and Klapuri (2002)

Detects rhythmic similarity between musical samples containing arbitrary drum/percussive sounds Removes sinusoidal components from sound to detect

noisy percussive sounds, from this produces beat and measure estimations

Extracts loudness and brightness (mean square energy and spectral centroid, respectively) per measure

Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) finds optimal path between feature vectors

No training of system required

Foote, Cooper, and Nam (2002)

Derivation of ‘beat spectrum’ Feature used is power of FFT bins

embedded into similarity matrix Euclidean distance is used as similarity

metric, tested against cosine angles between feature vectors, and FFT co-efficients

Ellis and Arroyo (2004)

Principal Component Analysis, a dimension reduction tool

Requires robust segmentation

Poor classification results

EigenRhythms (Ellis and Arroyo 2004)

Useful for generating variations?

Toussaint (2002)

Geometric representations of rhythms

Require extensive segmentation

Tests various distance metrics

Minimum Spanning Trees offer a framework for rhythmic development analysis

Toussaint Representations (2002)

Music Technology References

Ellis, D., and J. Arroyo. 2004. Eigenrhythms: Drum pattern basis sets for classification and generation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval.

Foote, J., M. Cooper, and U. Nam. 2002. Audio retrieval by rhythmic similarity. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval.

Paulus, J., and A. Klapuri. 2002. Measuring the similarity of rhythmic patterns. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval.

Toussaint, G. 2002. A mathematical analysis of African, Brazilian, and Cuban clave rhythms. In Proceedings of BRIDGES: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music, and Science.

Other Disciplines

Gabrielsson, A. 1973. Similarity ratings and dimension analyses of auditory rhythm patterns. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 14: 13860.

Lerdahl F., and R. Jackendoff. 1983. A generative theory of tonal music. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Powel, D., and P. Essens. 1985. Perception of temporal patterns. Music Perception 2(4): 41140.