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Contending

Theories of War

& Peace

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Utopians, Humanists, Marxists, Ideological

Struggles, Peace Movements, & Intellectuals

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Contending

Theories of

War & Peace

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Utopians, Humanists, Marxists,

Ideological Struggles, Peace

Movements, & Intellectuals

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Problem1. Different views of war and peace

2. Confusion3. No unifying framework

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Purpose• To organize the different theories and categorize them in order to see similarities and differences

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Questions1.What are the

different views about war and peace?

2.What are their corresponding solutions to war in order to attain peace?

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Objectives1. Identify the different

views about war and peace

2. Describe their corresponding solutions to war in order to attain peace

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Methods•Literature Review

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Findings

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War and PeaceI. Utopian ViewsII. Views of Enlightened

Humanists of the 16th-18th Centuries

III. Marxist ViewsIV. Ideological StrugglesV. Peace Movements

Contending

Views

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Different Views

Utopian

Humanist

Marxist

Ideological Struggle

Peace Movement

Intellectuals

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War and PeaceI. Utopian Views

A. Thomas More. Utopia.B. Thomaso Camanella. La Città del Sole. Milano, 1962.C. Denis Vairasse. Histoire de Sevarambes. Amsterdam, MDCCXVI. D. Selections from the Works of Gerrard Winstanley. London, 1944.E. Jean Meslier. Le Testament, tome II. Amsterdam, 1864.F. Morelly. Code de la nature ou le véritable esprit de ses lois. Paris, 1953.G. Ouevres complètes de l’Abbé de Mably. London, 1789.H. Ph. Buonaroti. Conspiration pour l’égalité dite de Babeuf. Paris, 1957.I. Oeuvres complètes de Charles Fourier, tome 1. Paris, 1966.J. Robert Owens. The Book of the New Moral World. London, 1844.K. Oeuvres choisies de C.-H. de Saint-Simon. Bruxelles, 1839.L. A. Blanqui. Textes choisis. Paris, 1955.M. N. G. Chernyshevsky. Selected Philosophical Works, Vol. II, Russ. Ed., 1950.N. T. Dezamy. Code de la Communauté. Paris, 1812.O. John Gray. The Social System: A Treatise on the Principle of Exchange. Edinburgh, 1831.

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War and PeaceII. Enlightened Humanists of the 16th-18th Centuries

A. R. Mousnier. Les XVI et XVII siècles. Paris, 1961, tome 4. B. Jean Bodin. Six livres de la Republiqué. Paris, 1580.C. E. Crucé. Le nouveau Cynée. By T. W. Balch. Philadelphia, 1909.D. J.-J. Rousseau. “Jugement sur la paix perpétuelle,” Collection

complete des oeuvres. Geneve, 1782.E. Charles-Irénée, l’Abbé de Saint-Pierre. Projet pour rendre la paix

perpétuelle en Europe. Utrecht, 1713-17; abrégé du Projet de paix perpétuelle. Rotterdam, 1729.

F. F. M. Voltaire. “De la paix perpétuelle,” in Collection complète des oeuvres, Genève-Paris, tome 28.

G. I. Kant. Zum ewigen Frieden (Towards Eternal Peace). Königsberg, 1795.

H. J. G. Herder. Beiref zur Beforderung der Humanität (Letters for the Promotion of Humanity). Berlin, 1793-97.

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War and PeaceIII. Marxist Views

A. MarxB. EngelsC. LeninD. Mao

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Marxist View

Marx

Engels

Lenin

Mao

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Ideological Struggle

CapitalistSocialist

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War and PeaceIV. Ideological Struggles

A. Power PoliticsB. Game TheoryC. Interpretations of Peaceful

CoexistenceD. Ideological Disarmament

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War and PeaceV. Peace MovementA. Roman Catholic ChurchB. U.S. Quaker Movement and PacifismC. Western Scientists and IntellectualsD. The Pugwash MovementE. Peace MovementF. Socialist Peace Movement

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War and PeaceC. Western Scientists and Intellectuals

1. Max Born. Physics in My Generation. London, 1956.2. Albert Einstein. Philosopher-Scientist. Evanston, 1949.3. J. Robert Oppenheimer. The Flying to Peace: Three Crises for

Physicists. London-New York-Toronto, 1964.4. J. Rotblat. “History of the Pugwash Conferences,” Science and World

Affairs. London, 1962.5. Lewis Mumford. Technics and Civilisation. New York, 1934.6. F. Schuman. International Politics. New York-Toronto-London, 1958.7. Erich Fromm. May Man Prevail? New York, 1961.8. Bertrand Russell. Has Man a Future? London, 1961.9. Wright C. Mills. The Causes of World War Three. New York, 1958.10. Linus Pauling. Jean-Paul Sartre. C. Lamont. D. Fleming. H. Hughes. A.

Monk. H. Caldicott. Axel Meyer. Howard Zinn. Noam Chomsky, and many others.

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War and PeaceHoward Zinn: “I think that the issue of economic justice is something that people immediately respond to. I was just talking on the telephone with Seymour Melman of Columbia University, who has just written a book called After Capitalism. He made an important point about the tactics of the antiwar movement. He said that the left is in a position of continually opposing war after war after war, without getting at the root of the problem—which is the economic system under which we live, which needs war and makes war inevitable. His point is that it’s really an uphill struggle to concentrate on war in an atmosphere of such intense patriotism, whereas a greater concentration on economic issues—not neglecting the war, of course—and on the failure of this system to take care of human needs would give us a much stronger bond with the American people. In fact, it would make them more likely to listen to what we have to say about the war” (p. 38).

Howard Zinn. (2002).

Terrorism and War.

New York, Toronto,

London, & Sydney:

Seven Stories Press.

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SummaryUtopian

Humanist

MarxistIdeological

Struggle

Peace Movement

Intellectuals

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1.Give a critique of each

school of thought.

2.Your recommendations?

Reflection

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