Post on 03-Jan-2016
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Revolution in RussiaRevolution in Russia1917-19391917-1939Chapter 27Chapter 27
Two Revolutions in Russia 28-1Two Revolutions in Russia 28-1
The March RevolutionThe March Revolution
– BackwardsBackwards– Social classesSocial classes– PovertyPoverty
Long Term UnrestLong Term Unrest– Nicholas IINicholas II– Moderates pushed for Moderates pushed for
social changesocial change– proletariatproletariat
Impact of World War OneImpact of World War One– Strain on resourcesStrain on resources– Nicholas II took charge of militaryNicholas II took charge of military
Result: Result:
RasputinRasputin– Gregory RasputinGregory Rasputin
Killed in 1916 Killed in 1916
Collapse of the MonarchyCollapse of the Monarchy– StrikeStrike– Czar abdicated Czar abdicated – Troops desertedTroops deserted– Liberal constitutionLiberal constitution– sovietssoviets
Lenin and the BolsheviksLenin and the Bolsheviks
– 17 year old brother shot17 year old brother shot
Early CareerEarly Career– Influenced by Karl MarxInfluenced by Karl Marx– Student demonstrationsStudent demonstrations– ExiledExiled
A New View of MarxA New View of Marx– BolsheviksBolsheviks
Rejected gradual reformRejected gradual reform
Lenin Returns From ExileLenin Returns From Exile– GermanyGermany
The November RevolutionThe November Revolution
The Bolshevik TakeoverThe Bolshevik Takeover– Red Guards v. White GuardsRed Guards v. White Guards
The Bolsheviks in ChargeThe Bolsheviks in Charge– MoscowMoscow– End private ownershipEnd private ownership– Redistribution of landRedistribution of land– CommunistsCommunists
Russian Civil WarRussian Civil War
– Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty of Brest-Litovsk
Opposing ForcesOpposing Forces– United States sent troopsUnited States sent troops– ChekaCheka– Execute former czar and familyExecute former czar and family
Why?Why?
War CommunismWar Communism– DraftDraft– Took over: banks, mines, factoriesTook over: banks, mines, factoriesand railroadsand railroads– Redistribution of landRedistribution of land– QuotasQuotas
A Costly TriumphA Costly Triumph– By 1921, the Communists By 1921, the Communists won Russiawon Russia– Famine and diseaseFamine and disease
From Lenin to Stalin 28-2From Lenin to Stalin 28-2
Building the Communist Soviet UnionBuilding the Communist Soviet Union
GovernmentGovernment– Constitution in 1922/Supreme SovietConstitution in 1922/Supreme Soviet
SuffrageSuffrage
Political power and resourcesPolitical power and resources
Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics
– RealityReality– NKVDNKVD
Lenin’s NEPLenin’s NEP– Some capitalistic venturesSome capitalistic ventures– Stopped squeezing peasantsStopped squeezing peasants– TemporaryTemporary
““pure communism”pure communism”
Stalin Gains PowerStalin Gains Power– Joined Bolshevik partyJoined Bolshevik party– SecretarySecretary– ““too rude”too rude”– Focused on socialism at homeFocused on socialism at home first, as opposed to worldwide revolutionfirst, as opposed to worldwide revolution
Five Year PlansFive Year Plans
Joseph Stalin rose to power and Joseph Stalin rose to power and eliminated Leon Trotsky and all eliminated Leon Trotsky and all contenders.contenders.– Goal: Goal: – Five Year PlansFive Year Plans
October 1928October 1928– Centralized state control Centralized state control
over the economyover the economy– rapidrapid
Collectivization of AgricultureCollectivization of Agriculture
At the hands of peasantsAt the hands of peasants– Collectives Collectives
Organize peasantsOrganize peasants
Violent suppression of the kulaksViolent suppression of the kulaks
Starvation 1933 and 1934Starvation 1933 and 1934
– Second Five Year Plan 1933-1937Second Five Year Plan 1933-1937Consumer goodsConsumer goods
Heavy industries and armamentsHeavy industries and armaments
The Great PurgeThe Great Purge
1934 Stalin launched the “Great Purge”1934 Stalin launched the “Great Purge”– Targets:Targets:– ““show trials” in Moscowshow trials” in Moscow
Estimated 4 to 30 millionEstimated 4 to 30 million
Military officersMilitary officers
– Pogroms Pogroms
Soviet Foreign PolicySoviet Foreign Policy
– Was generally unsuccessfulWas generally unsuccessful– Cointern or Communist International Cointern or Communist International
Goal:Goal:
Joined League of NationsJoined League of Nations
– ““Red Scare” in U.S. 1920sRed Scare” in U.S. 1920sMistrust from capitalist countriesMistrust from capitalist countries
Life in a Totalitarian State 28-3Life in a Totalitarian State 28-3
Life in a Totalitarian StateLife in a Totalitarian State
– Totalitarian state-Totalitarian state-
TerrorTerror– Open lettersOpen letters– BugsBugs– PressPress
PropagandaPropaganda– Misery of capitalismMisery of capitalism– Encouraged quotasEncouraged quotas– Glorified heroesGlorified heroes
14 year old boy14 year old boy
War on ReligionWar on Religion– AtheismAtheism– Target Orthodox ChurchTarget Orthodox Church
Priests Priests Churches and synagogues Churches and synagogues
convertedconvertedHebrew bannedHebrew bannedTolerance for IslamTolerance for Islam
– Why?Why?
Lenin, Marx, and Stalin shrinesLenin, Marx, and Stalin shrines
Changes in Soviet SocietyChanges in Soviet Society
– Not equal; few elite emerged as a new ruling Not equal; few elite emerged as a new ruling class.class.
The New EliteThe New Elite– Communist party, also included:Communist party, also included:– Best apartments, exclusive shopsBest apartments, exclusive shops
Social Benefits and DrawbacksSocial Benefits and Drawbacks– Benefits:Benefits:– Drawbacks:Drawbacks:
EducationEducation– MandatoryMandatory– Taught: atheism, glory of collective farming, and love Taught: atheism, glory of collective farming, and love
of Stalinof Stalin
WomenWomen– EqualsEquals– EducationEducation– Wide range of jobsWide range of jobs– Their wages were needed Their wages were needed
in family. Why?in family. Why?
The Arts and the StateThe Arts and the State
Socialist RealismSocialist Realism
CensorshipCensorship– Writers, artists, and composers faced Writers, artists, and composers faced
government persecutiongovernment persecution