Review the parts of kidney

e

f

abcd

Objective 10

• URETERS--slender tubes

• 10-12 inches long

• convey urine from kidney to bladder.

• Peristalsis moves the urine

Objective 10 continued

• Renal calculi or kidney stones may obstruct the ureters.

Objective 11 Urinary Bladder

• Smooth collapsible, muscular sac.

• Trigone--outlines the three openings. (2 ureteral, one urethral)

Objective 12: Urethra

• Thin walled, muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder.

• (see Diagram)

Excretion Unit Day 5

"We never know the worth of water 'til the well is dry."

-English Proverb

Wednesday, Day 5

• Kidney stone images

• Urethra – obj. 13

• Micturition – obj. 14

• Water content – obj. 15-17

• Practice

• Check sample

Objective 10

• URETERS--slender tubes

• 10-12 inches long

• convey urine from kidney to bladder.

• Peristalsis moves the urine

Objective 10 continued

• Renal calculi or kidney stones may obstruct the ureters.

Objective 11 Urinary Bladder

• Smooth collapsible, muscular sac.

• Trigone--outlines the three openings. (2 ureteral, one urethral)

Objective 12: Urethra

• Thin walled, muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder.

• (see Diagram)

Objective 13: male/female

• Females urethra much shorter.

• Male urethra longer and has double function. Carries urine and sperm.

Objective 14: Micturition

• Voiding, emptying the bladder.

• 200 mL of urine accumulated, stretch receptors are triggered, send message to spine, spine send signal. Muscles of bladder contract, sphincter relaxes.

Objective 15 : Water content

• Total body water is a function of *weight, *age, *sex, and *amount of body fat.(more fat,less water)

• Baby=73% water,

• teen=male 57-63%, female 50%

• older adult=45%

Obj 16: Fluid Compartments• 1. Intracellular fluid = 25 L

(40% body weight.

• 2. Interstitial fluid = 15L (16% body weight)

• 3. Plasma = 3 L (4% body wt)

Obj. 17 Electrolytes

• Electrolytes- break apart into ions in aqueous solutions. Ex. NaCl--Na + Cl

• Because they dissociate, they can cause fluid shifts.

+

Obj. 17 Continued

• Nonelectrolytes have bonds that keep them from dissociating.

Obj. 18 Fluid Shifts

• Fluids can move from ICF to ECF based on osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure.

• (fluids move from high to low pressure, high to low concentration)

Complete the questions from the urine lab.

Excretion Objectives 19-22

Anatomy & Physiology

Richards

Thursday, Day 6

• Finish the lab questions.

• Practice obj. 8 & 9

• Notes on objectives 19-21

Obj. 19 Water Routes

Intake:

–ingested foods

–ingested fluids,

–metabolic water

Obj. 19 Water RoutesOutput: leaves through

–lungs–skin –digestive tract–kidneys

Obj. 20 Dehydration,Cause- loss exceeds intake

(vomiting,hemorrhage, diarrhea, sweating, etc.

–evidenced by thirst and decreased urine output

–result-weight loss, fever, mental confusion

Obj. 20 hypotonic hydration

–(water intoxication)–cause--too much water–result--nausea, vomiting,

muscle cramps, cerebral edema, (extreme can cause coma or even death.

Obj. 20 Edema–An accumulation of water in ECF

– Cause--events where more fluid flow out of blood or hinders return.

– (HBP, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, bad valves)

– result--swelling, impaired tissue function

Obj. 21 Electrolyte sources

–Enter from ingested foods and fluids

–Four main ones- Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+

–Lost through perspiration, feces, and urine.

Obj. 22 Important Acids

–phosphoric acid

–sulfuric acid

–lactic acid

–hydrochloric acid

Obj. 23 Buffer Systems

–bicarbonate buffer system

–phosphate buffer system

–protein buffer system

Obj. 24 Kidney Regulation

–Hydrogen ion- all excreted in urine are secreted into the filtrate. For each H+ secreted, a Na+ is reabsorbed.

–Tubules regulate the bicarbonate ion by conserving those produced in them by carbonic acid.

Obj. 24 cont.