Post on 11-Dec-2015
List the Earth’s layers starting from the inside and going outward
Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
What type of model is our model of the Interior of the Earth
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
models developed in the mind
The interior of the Earth…we CANNOT DIRECTLY OBSERVE IT
What did scientists study in order to gather evidence to build a model of the interior of the Earth?
Seismic Waves(Earthquake Waves)
Define the theory of plate tectonics.
The Earth’s crust is broken into plates that move & interact with each other.
When two continental plates collide what happens? Explain.
continent – continent ConvergenceContinents collide and fold up (crunch)
to form mountains
• Ocean plate is subducted below continent.Subduction: The movement when one plate (oceanic
crust) dives below another plate
Ocean – continent Convergence
When an ocean plate converges with a continental plate what happens to the ocean plate?
What features form on the Earth’s surface when an ocean plate converges with a continental plate?
A volcanic mountain chain forms on land
How are earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains related in terms of location?
They are mostly formed along plate boundaries
West coast of the USA
Transform Plate Boundary:
CaliforniaSAN ANDREAS FAULT
Convergent Plate Boundary:
Oregon & Washington CASCADE MOUNTAINS
Where in the continental United States would you expect earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to occur? Why?
List and explain 2 pieces of evidence that we examined to support the theory of continental drift.
• Fossil evidence
• Modern mammals on continents
• Continents look like “puzzle pieces”
• Glacial grooves
• Suture Zones
• GPS
List 2 sudden geologic events (natural hazards) related to the direct movement of the geosphere.
VOLCANO
Describe how a sudden geologic event can be destructive/hazardous to people.
Earthquake Hazards
• Buildings and bridges collapse
• Roads crack• Fires blaze due to ruptured
gas lines• Landslides occur because
shaking cause rock to slide downhill
• Liquefaction• Dams fail and cause
flooding
Volcano Hazards• Lava streams burn all in
their path• Aircrafts endangered
from ash in the atmosphere
• Roofs collapse, cities and surrounding landscape covered from ash fall & flow
• Volcanic pollution
Describe how a sudden geologic event can be beneficial to people?
• Rebuilds/uplifts the land• Volcanic eruptions produce fertile
new soil for agriculture
What are all rocks are made of? MINERALS
Name the 3 groups of rocks
IgneousForms from cooled magma or lava
Sedimentarymade of sediments that compacted
over time
MetamorphicForms due to heat & pressure
Name and describe the 5 processes of the rock cycle
- Cooling of magma or lava forms igneous rock- Weathering of a rock forms sediments- Lithification of sediments forms sedimentary
rock- Heat & pressure on a rock creates
metamorphic rock- Melting of a rock forms magma
Why would a 1000 year old statue that was moved from a desert to a park in NJ begin
to crumble? Explain.
Exposure to rain in NJ caused chemical
weathering
Define chemical weathering
Changes the chemical structure of the rock
Water can: Dissolve minerals Cause rust to form
Define physical weathering.
Breaks rock apart without changing the mineral make-up
List 3 examples of physical weathering.
Plant roots grows in cracks
breaks rock apart
Ice wedgingwater seeps into cracks-freezes-expands-thaws
Rock Abrasionrocks rub or collide
due to wind or moving water
What changed the land surface in diagram?
Describe forces that act to wear down the earth’s surface over
time.
Weathering and erosion over a long period of time will
cause mountains to wear down
to hills
Water
Wind
Ice