Review Images #2:Population Geography

Arithmetic Density

People per square mi or km

Physiologic Density

People per sq mi or km of arable (farmable) land

Why Is Physiologic Density Important?

Carrying capacity!Egypt: 98% of the people live on 3% of

the land

Distribution vs. Density

Density in Diagram a? Diagram b?

What differs?

World’s 4 Major Population Clusters

In which four global regions is the world’s population clustered?East Asia, South Asia, Western Europe, Eastern North

America

Too ColdToo Hot, Too Dry

Too Wet Too High

Why is Population Unevenly Distributed?

Some locations are …

At a Global Scale,Climate, Landforms and Resources

Influence Human Settlement Patterns

Which climate zones are most preferable for human habitation?

U.S. Population Distribution

Megalopolis: long chain of continuous metropolitan areas

Megalopolis

20% of U.S. pop.

Mean Center of U.S. Population Has Shifted West and South

Malthus: Population Will Outstrip Food Supply

Why have Malthus’s predictions not come true?

World Population Growth by Region

Which regions are growing at the fastest pace? Slowing down?

Demographic Transition

What is the Demographic Transition?

What other changes does it correlate to?

What Causes Death and Birth Rates to Fall?

• Death Rates fall with improvements in:– Health care– Hygiene– Sanitation– Food supply

• Birth Rates fall with:– Education, esp. of women– Birth control (available and affordable)– Industrialization– Economic opportunity– Increased standard of living

Pyramids Illustrate Age & Gender Composition or

Structure

Age-gender groups

are called cohorts.

Your cohort

Developing Countries Developed Countries

Youth Bulge and Aging Populations: Both Present Challenges

Population Pyramids Reflecting 4 Stages of Demographic Transition

AIDS Impacted Populations

As countries develop economically, people are more likely to die of chronic diseases than contagious diseases.

Introduction to the U.S. Census

Which states and regions gained representatives? Lost? Why?

Electoral Vote Apportionment After Census 2010

GIS Helps Us Visualize Census Data

International Forced Migration

“Largest and most devastating forced migration in human history.”

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration1. Every migration flow generates a return or

counter-migration.2. The majority of migrants move a short

distance.3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to

choose big-city destinations.4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural

residents.5. Families are less likely to make international

moves than young adults.

The Friction of Distance and The Gravity Model

African Islands of Development

Diaspora: Involuntary Mass Dispersion

African Diaspora

Jewish Diaspora

Hurricane Katrina Diaspora 2005

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration In Action?

Immigration Waves

How do U.S. immigration waves differ?

Historical Migration Flows

Who? Where? Why?

International Net Migration

Blue? Brown? Green?

More and Less Developed Regions

Contemporary Migration FlowsStalker’s Guide to International Migration

Who? Where? Why?

LDCs to MDCs

Colonial ties

Regional islands of development

What relationship does population

composition have to international

migration pulls and pushes?

Asylum Seekers

How are asylum seekers different from basic migrants?

Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan

How are refugees different from basic migrants?

U.S. Domestic Migration

Indian Removal 1830s -1840s

The Great Migration 1916-1930

Pull factors: job opportunities, less racism

Reverse Great Migration1995-2000

Pull factors: New job opportunities, family ties, improving race

relations

Urban To Suburban 1950s -1990s

Pull factors: more open space, lower housing prices, new job opportunities

Rust Belt to Sunbelt1960s-Present

Pull factors: less commuting time, lower transportation costs, lower housing costs,

urban amenities

Current - Suburban to Urban

North Dakota Oil Boom