Respiratory Review

Part 2

Breathing helps vent three things from the body. These are the (1) , (2) , and (3) .

carbon dioxideheat

water

The main goal of inspiration is to:

decrease the pressure in the chest cavity

The average volume of air taken in per breath by a person at rest is:

500 ml

The physical act of breathing is called:

ventilation

At rest, breathing is mostly controlled by the action of what muscle?

diaphragm

A “normal” or “average” resting breath is called the _____________ volume.

tidal

The amount of air that always remains in the lungs is called the ____________

volume.

residual

How many ml of air is the residual volume, on average?

1200 ml

The volume of air held in the nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, trachea, and bronchial

tubes:

dead space volume

How many ml of air is the dead space volume, on average?

150 ml

The average person breaths out about how many milliliters of water per day?

350 ml

The average number of breaths a person takes while at rest (as defined in the notes)

is:

10 to 16 times

The maximum amount of air that can be expelled after maximum inspiration is

called the:

Vital capacity

The average volume exhaled when measuring the vital capacity is:

4800 ml

6000 ml

The average total lung capacity in humans is:

The volume of air that can be inspired beyond a normal, resting breath is the:

inspiratory reserve volume

The volume of air that can be exhaled beyond a normal, resting breath is the:

expiratory reserve volume

Air that is actually makes it to the air sacs and is available for oxygen exchange is

called the:

alveolar volume

The average volume of air (in ml) within a “resting breath” that actually makes it to

the alveoli:

350 ml

With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, “active” or “normal” inspiration

is considered:

active muscle & passive air

With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, “passive” or “normal”

expiration is:

passive muscle & active air

With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, “active” or “forced” expiration

is:

active muscle & active air

passive muscle & passive air

With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, inspiration after “forced”

expiration is:

The sheet of muscle below the lungs that helps to expand the chest cavity is called

the:

diaphragm

The waste gas carried back to the lungs and vented out of the body by exhalation is:

Carbon dioxide

Breathing controlled by the muscles between the ribs is termed:

costal breathing

Breathing controlled by the flat sheet of skeletal muscle located directly below the

lungs is called:

diaphragm breathing

“Breathing in” is more properly termed:

inspiration

The term “active” with respect to muscles and breathing refers to what action of

muscles?

contraction

“Breathing out” is more properly termed:

expiration

All muscles relaxed

Maximum Expiration

Maximum inspiration6000 ml

2800 ml

2300 ml

0 ml

1200 ml

Total Lung Capacity6000 ml

Vital Capacity4800 ml

Functional Residual Capacity2300 ml

Inspiratory Capacity3700 ml

ResidualVolume1200 ml

ExpiratoryReserveVolume1100 ml

TidalVolume500 ml

InspiratoryReserveVolume3200 ml

Dead Space Volume 150 ml

Alveolar Volume = 350 to 3550ml

Maximum Expiration

Maximum inspiration6000 ml

2300 ml

1200 ml

0 ml

2800 ml

All muscles relaxed

Contraction of:Diaphragm &External Intercostal

“Active” muscle“Passive” air

Relaxation of:Diaphragm &External Intercostal

“Passive” muscle“Active” air

Contraction of:Internal Intercostal &Abdominals

“Active” muscle“Active” air

Relaxation of:Internal Intercostal &Abdominals

“Passive” muscle“Passive” air

Active/passive? Active/passive?

Active/passive?Active/passive?