Post on 09-Apr-2018
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REPORT INPSYCHOLOGY
PRESENTED BY:
BASCO, ARLENE AUSTRIA, SARAH JANE
REYES, SHAYNE KARLA YHU, JOHN MAURICE
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NEURONSPARTS AND ITS FUNCTION
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NEURONS
- ALSO KNOWN AS A NEURONE OR NERVE
CELL.
- IS AN ELECTRICALLY EXCITABLE CELL
THAT PROCESSES AND TRANSMITS INFORMATION BY
ELECTRICAL AND CHEMICAL SIGNALING AND IT
CONNECT TO EACH OTHER TO FORM NETWORKS.
- ARE THE CORE COMPONENTS OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM, WHICH INCLUDES THE BRAIN,
SPINAL CORD, AND PERIPHERAL GANGLIA.
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SPECIALIZEDTYPES OF NEURONS:
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1. SENSORY NEURONS
-RESPOND TO TOUCH, SOUND, LIGHT
AND NUMEROUS OTHER STIMULI AFFECTING CELLSOF THE SENSORY ORGAN THAT THEN SEND SIGNALS
TO THE SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN.
2. MOTOR NEURONS
-RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM THE BRAIN
AND SPIRAL CORD, CAUSE MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS,
AND AFFECT GLANDS.
3. INTERNEURONS
-CONNECT NEURONS TO OTHER NEURONS
WITHIN THE SAME REGION OF THE BRAIN OR
SPINAL CORD.
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PARTS OFNEURONS:
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1. CELL BODY
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- THE CELL BODY (SOMA) IS
THE FACTORY OF THE NEURON.
IT PRODUCES ALL THE
PROTEINS FOR THE DENDRITES,AXONS AND SYNAPTIC
TERMINALS AND CONTAINS
SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES SUCH
AS THE MITOCHONDRIA, GOLGI
APPARATUS, ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM, SECRETORY
GRANULES, RIBOSOMES AND
POLYSOMES TO PROVIDE ENERGY
AND MAKE THE PARTS, AS WELL
AS A PRODUCTION LINE TO
ASSEMBLE THE PARTS INTO
COMPLETED PRODUCTS.
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COMPONENTS
OF CELL BODY
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1. NUCLEUS
- DERIVED FROM THE LATIN
WORD FOR NUX, NUT, THE NUCLEUSIS THE ARCHIVIST AND THE
ARCHITECT OF THE CELL.
*NUCLEOLUS
-IS AN ORGANELLE
WITHIN THE NUCLEUS WHICH IS
INVOLVED ACTIVELY IN RIBOSOMESYNTHESIS AND IN THE TRANSFER
OF RNA TO THE CYTOSOL.
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2. GOLGI APPARATUS
- MEMBRANE-BOUND STRUCTURETHAT PLAYS A ROLE IN
PACKAGING PEPTIDES AND
PROTEINS (INCLUDING
NEUROTRANSMITTERS) INTO
VESICLES.
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3. POLYRIBOSOMES
- THERE ARE SEVERAL FREE
RIBOSOMES ATTACHED BY A
THREAD.
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4NEURONAL MEMBRANE
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5. MITOCHONDRIUM -
THIS IS THE PART OF
THE CELL RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE SUPPLY OFENERGY IN THE FORM
OF ATP (ADENOSINE
TRIPHOSPHATE).
6.ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM AND SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM- A SYSTEM
OF TUBES FOR THE
TRANSPORTATION OF
MATERIALS WITHIN THE
CYTOPLASM.
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NISSL BODIES-GROUPS OF RIBOSOMES USED FOR
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
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2. NEURONAL MEMBRANE
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-The neuronal
membrane serves as a
barrier to enclose
the cytoplasm inside
the neuron, and to
exclude certainsubstances that
float in the fluid
that bathes the
neuron.
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3.DENTRITES
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-These structures
branch out intreelike fashion and
serve as the main
apparatus for
receiving signalsfrom other nerve
cells. They function
as an "antennae" of
the neuron and arecovered by thousands
of synapses.
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The dendritic membrane
under the synapse (the
post-synaptic membrane) hasmany specialized protein
molecules called receptors
that detect the
neurotransmitters in thesynaptic cleft. A nerve
cell can have many
dendrites which branch many
times, their surface is
irregular and covered in
dendritic spines which are
where the synaptic input
connections are made.
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4. AXON
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AXON HILLOCK
-The axon hillock iswhere the axon is
joined to the cell. It
is from here that the
electrical firingknown as an action
potential usually
occurs.
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5. Nerve Ending
(Presynaptic Terminals)
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Synapses are the junctions
formed with other nerve
cells where the presynaptic
terminal of one cell comesinto 'contact' with the
postsynaptic membrane of
another. It is at these
junctions that neurons areexcited, inhibited, or
modulated. There are two
types of synapse, electrical
and chemical.
Electrical synapses occur where the
presynaptic terminal is in electrical
continuity with the postsynaptic.
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Chemical synaptic junction is more
complicated. The gap between the post-
and presynaptic terminals is larger,and the mode of transmission is not
electrical, but carried by
neurotransmitters, neuroactivesubstances released at the presynaptic
side of the junction.
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Anatomical Diversity of
Neurons
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a.Purkinge cell(human). b.Pyramidal cell (rabbit).c. Motoneuron (cat).
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d. Horizontal cell (cat) e. Horizontal cell (cat).f. Premotor interneuron (locust).
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g. Visual amacrine cell(mechanosensoryinterneuron- crayfish).
h. Multipolar neuron(fly)
i. Visual monopolarneuron (fly).
j. Premotor interneuron(crayfish)..
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