Post on 21-Dec-2015
Religious Religious ReformationsReformations
Protestant Protestant ReformationReformation
BackgroundBackgroundUnequal Distribution of Unequal Distribution of WealthWealth
Printing PressPrinting PressSpread Renaissance ideasSpread Renaissance ideas
Emphasis on social reformEmphasis on social reformChurch as central forceChurch as central force
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Church AbusesChurch Abuses Fought many political wars about Fought many political wars about
power and wealthpower and wealth PopesPopes
Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Had to finance new lifestyleHad to finance new lifestyle
Increased fees on marriage and Increased fees on marriage and baptismbaptism
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
IndulgencesIndulgencesQuicker exit from purgatoryQuicker exit from purgatory
Middle Ages- granted for good Middle Ages- granted for good deedsdeeds
Now- could be bought with Now- could be bought with moneymoney
Angered many ChristiansAngered many Christians
Protestant reformationProtestant reformation
Martin LutherMartin Luther German monk and professor of German monk and professor of
TheologyTheology Disillusioned with ChurchDisillusioned with Church
95 Theses95 Theses Wittenberg Church offered Wittenberg Church offered
indulgencesindulgences Entrance into heaven for them and Entrance into heaven for them and
dead relativesdead relatives
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
95 Theses95 ThesesLast straw for LutherLast straw for LutherWrote 95 ThesesWrote 95 ThesesPosted on churchPosted on churchDistributed overnightDistributed overnight
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Church immediately asked Church immediately asked Luther to recant his viewsLuther to recant his views
Luther refusedLuther refused Wrote more and urged people to Wrote more and urged people to
reject Christian authorityreject Christian authority Luther was excommunicatedLuther was excommunicated
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Charles VCharles VCalled Luther to the Diet of Called Luther to the Diet of
WormsWormsOrdered him to give up Ordered him to give up
teachingsteachingsLuther refusedLuther refusedDeclared an outlawDeclared an outlaw
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Luther’s teachingsLuther’s teachingsAll citizens have equal access to All citizens have equal access to
God through faith and the BibleGod through faith and the BibleTranslated the Bible into GermanTranslated the Bible into GermanEvery town has a schoolEvery town has a schoolBanned indulgences, Banned indulgences,
confessions, pilgrimage, and confessions, pilgrimage, and prayers to Saintsprayers to Saints
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Luther’s Teaching’s (cont.)Luther’s Teaching’s (cont.)Mass was focused on sermon Mass was focused on sermon Nicknamed Protestants Nicknamed Protestants Many powerful followersMany powerful followers
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Peace of AugsbergPeace of AugsbergCharles V and Lutheran Charles V and Lutheran
PrincesPrincesFought over ReligionFought over ReligionSigned in 1553Signed in 1553Gave choice to Prince to pick Gave choice to Prince to pick
either Catholic or Lutheraneither Catholic or Lutheran
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Switzerland ReformationSwitzerland Reformation John CalvinJohn Calvin
Trained as a priest and Trained as a priest and lawyerlawyer
Shared in many of Luther’s Shared in many of Luther’s beliefsbeliefs
Protestant reformationProtestant reformation
Switzerland Reformation (cont.)Switzerland Reformation (cont.) PredestinationPredestination
God had long ago determined God had long ago determined who would gain salvationwho would gain salvation
Saints and SinnersSaints and Sinners
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
Switzerland ReformationSwitzerland ReformationGenevaGenevaAsked Calvin to run cityAsked Calvin to run city
TheocracyTheocracyCreated CalvinismCreated Calvinism
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
CalvinismCalvinismVery strict rulesVery strict rules
Ideas spread quicklyIdeas spread quicklyCaused many religious warsCaused many religious warsCatholics and Lutherans Catholics and Lutherans
opposed Calvinismopposed Calvinism
English ReformationEnglish Reformation
Henry VIIIHenry VIII Strongly against protestant Strongly against protestant
revoltrevolt Had no male heirHad no male heir Wanted marriage annulled, so Wanted marriage annulled, so
he could remarry and have a sonhe could remarry and have a son Pope said noPope said no
English ReformationEnglish Reformation
Henry VIII furiousHenry VIII furiousTook over English ChurchTook over English ChurchKilled anyone who disagreedKilled anyone who disagreedAnglican ChurchAnglican ChurchKept mostly Catholic forms of Kept mostly Catholic forms of
worshipworship
English ReformationEnglish Reformation
Henry VIII DiedHenry VIII Died Edward VI took overEdward VI took over
Strong ProtestantStrong Protestant““Book of Common Prayer”Book of Common Prayer”
Required in Church servicesRequired in Church servicesModerate form of Protestant Moderate form of Protestant
ServiceService
English ReformationEnglish Reformation
Edward VI diedEdward VI died Mary Tudor took overMary Tudor took over
Henry VIII daughterHenry VIII daughter Returned England back to Returned England back to
CatholicismCatholicism Burned people at the stakeBurned people at the stake
English ReformationEnglish Reformation
Mary Tudor diedMary Tudor died Elizabeth I took OverElizabeth I took Over
Henry VIII daughterHenry VIII daughter More ProtestantMore Protestant Elizabethan SettlementElizabethan Settlement Compromise between Protestant and Compromise between Protestant and
Catholic practicesCatholic practices
English ReformEnglish Reform
Satisfied both religionsSatisfied both religionsEnded war and turmoilEnded war and turmoilKept many Catholic traditions, Kept many Catholic traditions,
but made England mainly but made England mainly Protestant nationProtestant nation
Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation
Pope Paul IIIPope Paul IIIWanted to revive moral Wanted to revive moral
authority of churchauthority of churchStop Protestant pushStop Protestant push
Council of TrentCouncil of TrentMet for almost 20 yearsMet for almost 20 yearsReaffirmed Catholic viewsReaffirmed Catholic views
Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation
Salvation comes through faith Salvation comes through faith and good worksand good works
Bible is not only source of truthBible is not only source of truth Ends church abusesEnds church abuses Better educated clergyBetter educated clergy
Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation
InquisitionInquisition Fought ProtestantsFought Protestants Church court used secret Church court used secret
testimony, torture, and execution testimony, torture, and execution to find out informationto find out information
Brought newfound faithBrought newfound faith JesuitsJesuits Theresa of AvilaTheresa of Avila
Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation
LegacyLegacy Most Europeans remained Most Europeans remained
CatholicCatholic Brought back many Protestant Brought back many Protestant
convertsconverts Still many debates and wars Still many debates and wars
about religion in Governmentabout religion in Government
Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation
PersecutionPersecution WitchesWitches
Belief in Christianity and magicBelief in Christianity and magic JewsJews
Most cities banned themMost cities banned themGhettosGhettosPlaced many restrictions and Placed many restrictions and expelled themexpelled them