Post on 05-Jan-2016
Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
2009-2010 Regents Biology
Carbohydrates:
OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
Energy molecules
Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
Building block molecules =
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugars
Regents Biology
sucrose
Carbohydrates Function:
quick energy energy storage structure
cell wall in plants
Examples sugars starches cellulose (cell wall)
glucoseC6H12O6
starch
Regents Biology
Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in
glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
glucoseC6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
-ose
Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|glucose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
2 sugars = disaccharide
|maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugar
di = two
Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|fructose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|sucrose
(table sugar)
2 sugars = disaccharide
How sweetit is!
Regents Biology
BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides
large carbohydrates starch
energy storage in plants potatoes
glycogen energy storage in animals
in liver & muscles cellulose
structure in plants cell walls
chitin structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton
poly = many
Regents Biology
Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch(plant)
glycogen(animal)
energystorage
polysaccharide
Regents Biology
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
cellulosehard todigest
enzyme
enzyme
Regents Biology
Cellulose Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients
cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material
moving in your intestines
Regents Biology
Different Diets of HerbivoresCow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet
Regents Biology
Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?
BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…Chewing
cud?
2009-2010 Regents Biology
Let’s build some
Carbohydrates!
EATX
Regents Biology
Activities building starch by bonding together
paper glucose molecules eat carrots, celery, cookies