REGENERATED TEXTILE FIBERS

LIKITHA PRAKASH

5 New Regenerated fibers

SPECTRA FIBEREEL FIBER / HAGFISH FIBERCHITOSANVECTRANTECHNORA

SPECTRA FIBER

A highly processed ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, Spectra is stronger and lighter than most commercial high-modulus fibers and has one of the highest strength to weight ratios of any man-made fiber.

 A bright white polyethylene, it is 15 times stronger than steel, more durable than polyester and has a specific strength that is 40% greater than aramid fiber.  With outstanding toughness and extraordinary viscos-elastic properties, Spectra fiber can withstand high load strain rate velocities.

Properties of Spectra Fiber:

• 15 times stronger than steel by weight • Alight enough to float • Does not corrode• Excellent abrasion resistance • Excellent flex and bending fatigue performance • Very good UV resistance • Excellent cut resistance • Excellent fungal growth resistance • Low dielectric constant makes it virtually

transparent to radar • Low coefficient of friction

Spectra fiber is engineered for a wide variety of applications, including:

Rope and Cordage: rope, industrial and aquaculture netting, slings and tethers

Recreation: fishing lines, bow strings, parachute cords, racket strings and sail cloth

Cut Resistance: gloves, aprons, sleeves and sporting apparelSpecialty Applications: space materials, dental floss, security barriers andstorm protection

Spectra fiber is at work on some of the world’s toughest projects:

• Slings made with Spectra fiber were used to lift 2.6 million-pound sections of the new San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge

• Spectra fiber is trusted by sport fishing’s leading professional anglers, where the performance and durability of the fiber helps them succeed in the biggest tournaments

• Storm curtains made with Spectra fiber are certified to withstand winds of up to 175 miles per hour, the equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane

• The U.S. military uses high-strength rope made with Spectra fiber on the V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft for fast rope insertion operations

• Vehicle barriers made with Spectra fiber are used extensively to protect military checkpoints in Iraq and Afghanistan

EEL FIBRE / HAGFISH

FIBER

Hagfish are primitive, eel-like creatures that spend most of their lives slithering along the ocean floor, scavenging dead and dying fish. They’re spineless, virtually blind, have no jaws and have barely changed over the last 300 million years.

So what makes them so special?

hagfish have a sticky trick up their sleeves. When attacked or threatened, they exude a gelatinous slime into the water that can quickly smother the gills and mouth of a predator, thwarting the attack.

The result is a kind of slimy, viscous region around the hagfish that some marine biologists think serves as a defensive mechanism.  Certainly predators, such as sharks, that try to bite or swallow the hagfish are quickly convinced to back off.

The slime is composed of thread-like fibers.

When you stretch the fibers in water and then dry them out they take on properties that are very silk-likeHagfish fibers are incredibly thin and extremely strong.

CHITOSAN

Chitin/Chitosan has a chemical structures very similar to that of cellulose. such as cotton and rayon. • Chitin is the natural polysaccharide biologically

produced by living creatures on the earth in huge quantities. Its production is next to the cellulose, which is biologically produced by plant. It is estimated that total production of Chitin on the earth annually is about 1 to 100 billion ton.

• Chitin/Chitosan is a white and porous polysaccharide that forms a base for the hard shell of crustaceans like crabs, lobsters and squids. It is also found in a) insects like dragonflies. grasshoppers and    beetles. 

b) mushrooms like shiitake and enokidake andc) cell wall of fungi.• It is also estimated that about 150'000 tons of

Chitin is available for commercial use annually. However. only a few thousand tons are actually used in the world.

• As long as Chitin is a natural substance included in food such as crabs, shrimps, mushrooms etc it is quite a safe material. Its safety has been verified scientifically through many tests. 

Properties and efficacy of Chitin/Chitosan

Flocculation :Purifies waste waterHeavy metal adsorption :Adsorbs and removes radioactive substancesBiodegradation :Being organic material, the chitin/chitosan is degraded by micro organismsAntimicrobial activity :Inhibits bacterial growth Immunization :Enhances the body's immunity to diseaseCell activation :Promotes Iysozyme secretionBody activation :Accelerates wound healingAcceleration of skin tissue regeneration :Thin non-woven fabric is successfully applied to burns.Salt adsorption :Lowers high blood pressure

Usage

Agricultural and horticultural use :The agricultural and horticultural uses for chitosan, primarily for plant defense and yield increase, are based on how this glucosamine polymer influences the biochemistry and molecular biology of the plant cell.

Natural biocontrol : agriculture, chitosan is used primarily as a natural seed treatment and plant growth enhancer, and as an ecologically friendly biopesticide substance that boosts the innate ability of plants to defend themselves against fungal infections.

Water filtration :Chitosan can also be used in water processing engineering as a part of a filtration process. Chitosan causes the fine sediment particles to bind together, and is subsequently removed with the sediment during sand filtration. It also removes phosphorus, heavy minerals, and oils from the water.

Biomedical uses :Chitosan's properties allow it to rapidly clot blood, and has recently gained approval in the United States and Europe for use in bandages and other hemostatic agents.

VECTRAN

Vectran is a high-performance multifilament yarn spun from liquid crystal polymer (LCP). It is the only commercially available melt-spun LCP fiber in the world. Vectran fiber exhibits exceptional strength and rigidity. Pound for pound, Vectran fiber is five times stronger than steel and ten times stronger than aluminum.

Vectra LCP engineering polymer is used by the industrial textile and fabric industry for fibers that stand up to temperature exposure, chemical and wear resistance, abrasion resistance and low moisture absorption. Vectra LCP is easy to process without sacrificing heat resistance and mechanical strength. Multi-filaments, fibers and non-woven made from Vectra LCP can be used in a wide variety of applications and markets.

Properties of Vectran

• High strength and modulus• Excellent creep resistance• High abrasion resistance• excellent flex/fold characteristics• Minimal moisture absorption• Excellent chemical resistance• Low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)• High dielectric strength• Outstanding cut resistance• Excellent property retention at high and low

temperatures• Outstanding vibration damping characteristics• High impact resistance

Applications:

• Helicopter sling legs• Astronaut Safety tethers• Aerial Camera Tethers• Balloon Tethers• Helicopter Rescue Ropes• Tow Ropes• Cargo tie-downs• Running rigging• Standing Rigging• Mountaineering ropes• Parachute cords



TECHNORA

Technora is a para-aramid fiber made from co-polymers and produced from poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide (PPTA). It was independently developed by Teijin and has been commercially available since 1987.

This high performance fiber has a range of excellent properties, including high tensile strength, good fatigue resistance, long-term dimensional stability and good resistance to corrosion, heat, chemicals and saltwater.

Properties of Technora

• Very High Tensile Strength• Tenacity and Fatigue Resistance• Dimensional Stability• Modulus, Creep and Stress Relaxation• Temperature Resistance• Resistance to Chemicals and Others

Applications with Technora

• Due to its excellent properties, Technora is appreciated and used in a variety of industries.

• Technora in Composites• Technora in Mooring Ropes• Technora in Protective Clothing• Technora in Protective Gloves• Technora in Tires

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