Reflection Seismic

Wednesday, May 16, 2012

Resolution

Introduction

•  Seismic Exploration : – Reflection Seismic – Refraction Seismic

Introduction

Introduction

-Good vertical and Horizontal resolution - Sensitive to sharp velocity/density changes

Zero Offset Section

Zero Offset Section

Good, but …

Zero Offset Section

Common Midpoint Stacking

Common Midpoint Stacking  

•  Two  way  ver*cal  ray  path:  

•  From  Geometry:  

Common Midpoint Stacking  

 •  From  Geometry:  

•  or  

Hyperbola with apex at x = 0

Common Midpoint Stacking  

 •  Or  

•  Solving  fot  t  

Hyperbola with apex at x = 0

Common Midpoint Stacking  

•  Solving  fot  t  

•  Beda  waktu  *ba  =  

Common Midpoint Stacking  

•  The  normal  move  out  (NMO)  is  defined  as  the  moveout  from  x  =  0  and  given  by:  

Common Midpoint Stacking  

Surces and Deconvolution

•  Sources:  – Hammer  – Dinamite  – Airgun  – Weight  Drop  – Vibroseis  

Surces and Deconvolution

•  Sources:  – Hammer  – Dinamite  – Airgun  – Weight  Drop  – Vibroseis  

Surces and Deconvolution

•  Sources:  – Vibroseis  

Surces and Deconvolution

Surces and Deconvolution

Surces and Deconvolution

Surces and Deconvolution

Migration •  In real cases: – Heterogeneous lateral variation – Sharp interfaces in lateral distribution

Migration

Huygens’  Principle