Post on 13-Jun-2020
November 13, 2014
Thomas and Hutton Engineering Company
682 Johnnie Dodd Boulevard
Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina 29464
Attention: Mr. Kevin Shoemake, P.E.
Reference: Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey
Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2
Berkeley County, South Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160
Dear Mr. Shoemake:
S&ME, Inc. (S&ME), on behalf of Thomas and Hutton Engineering Company, has
completed a Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey (HAPS) of approximately 33
acres north of Williams Lane in Hanahan, South Carolina (Figures 1 and 2). S&ME staff
completed this study in general accordance with S&ME Proposal Number 14-1400740,
dated October 31, 2014, and with the standards and guidelines established in the
Guidelines for Historic & Archaeological Properties Survey Conducted for the Coastal
Zone Management Program (CZMP)’s Coastal Zone Consistency Certification (CZC),
developed by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) in 2012.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
Berkeley County School District is interested in use of the Project Area for development
of a new school. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control’s
Office of Coastal Resource Management (OCRM) consults with the SHPO concerning
the effect of projects on historic and archaeological sites in South Carolina’s coastal zone.
The goal of the HAPS is to assess the property’s potential for containing significant
resources and to make recommendations regarding additional work or considerations that
may be necessary to address effects that the proposed development may have on
properties that are listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places (NRHP). This HAPS will serve as part of the due diligence efforts in advance of
future planning and development.
The Project Area consists of an approximately 33-acre tract formed from two parcels
identified by the Berkeley County Tax Assessor as TMS Nos. 259-00-00-104 and 259-
00-00-044. The Project Area is comprised primarily of mixed upland forest with a small
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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portion of the property being a drainage system that gradually becomes more channelized
prior to flowing off the site and eventually to Goose Creek (Figures 3 and 4).
The Project Area is located in the Lower Coastal Plain physiographic province. The
topography is level, with an elevation of approximately 20 feet above mean sea level
(AMSL). Mixed pines and hardwoods cover the majority of the property. The Project Area
has been impacted by past land uses including silviculture (Figure 4) and the installation
of buried utilities (Figure 5).
The soils consist of moderately well-drained Duplin loamy sand, somewhat poorly-
drained Wahee fine sand, and well-drained Caroline fine sand (Figure 2).
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
As part of S&ME’s study of this property, Sarah Posin, RPA conducted a background
literature review and records search (Figure 6 and Table 1). The area examined was a 0.5-
mile radius around the Project Area. The records consisted of ArchSite (a GIS-based
program containing the location and information about archaeological and historic
resources in South Carolina), the master archaeological site files housed at the South
Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology (SCIAA), and the Finding Aid to
Records of the Survey of Historic Properties, which lists prior cultural resources studies
conducted across South Carolina.
Background research indicated that the Project Area has not been subject to an
archaeological survey and as a result, there are no previously recorded sites within the
boundaries of the property. Two previous surveys (Bailey et al. 2000 and Poplin 1993)
were conducted on property adjacent to and west of the Project Area. One previously
recorded archaeological site (38BK1705) is within 0.5-miles of the Project Area.
Archaeological site 38BK1705 is located 0.47-miles (740 meters) southwest of the
Project Area (Bailey et al. 2000). The site consists of artifacts from the historic period
and was determined not eligible for the NRHP on December 13, 1994.
Table 1. Resources Identified During the Background Research
Resource Identification Component / Time Period NRHP Status
38BK1705 Unknown Historic Not Eligible
The background research also included a review of historic maps. Mills’ Atlas (1825)
identifies Red Bank Road and other major features and settlements in the vicinity, but not
in the Project Area (Figure 7). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
1916 Soils map does not identify the presence of structures or other development in the
Project Area, but it does depict the nearby railroad and the presence of secondary
roadways (Figure 8). The 1979 United States Geological Survey (USGS) Ladson
Quadrangle (Figure 1) depicts structures adjacent to the Project Area and a tertiary
roadway crossing the property from north to south.
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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POTENTIAL FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
In the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, researchers have used various predictive models
to identify areas having a high potential for containing archaeological sites (e.g., Brooks
and Scurry 1978; Cable 1996; Scurry 2003). Recently these models have been revised
based on data from Francis Marion National Forest (O’Donoughue 2008). In general, the
most significant variables for determining site location are distance to a permanent water
source, proximity to a wetland or other ecotone, slope, and soil drainage. Prehistoric sites
tend to occur on relatively level areas with well-drained soils that are within 200 m of a
permanent water source or wetland. Historic home sites tend to be located on well-
drained soils near historic roadways.
The Project Area is located in an upland setting near a historic railroad. Additionally, the
western side of the Project Area is adjacent to a large drainage that would have been at
least, a likely source of water. Based on the setting and its historic location, S&ME
characterized the portions of the Project Area near the road and railroad and along the
tertiary roadway as having a high potential to contain archaeological resources dating to
the historic period. Based on the environmental setting, primarily well-drained soil types,
and proximity to a water source, we characterized the western margin of the Project Area
as having a high potential to contain archaeological remains dating to the prehistoric
period (Figure 9).
FIELD INVESTIGATION
On November 4, 2014, Quinn-Monique Ogden, RPA and Aaron Brummitt, RPA
conducted the fieldwork portion of this study.
Methods The field investigation consisted of a pedestrian reconnaissance of the dirt roads crossing
the tract and other areas with exposed ground surfaces. The majority of shovel test pits
were placed in areas with well-drained soils.
Shovel test pits were approximately 30 cm in diameter and excavated to culturally sterile
subsoil or to a minimum of 80 centimeters below the surface (cmbs) if no artifacts were
recovered. Soil was screened through 0.25-inch hardware cloth. The field crew kept notes
in a weatherproof field journal and recorded field conditions in the Project Area with
digital photographs.
In addition to the archaeological survey, the field crew conducted a limited architectural
survey to determine whether there were previously unrecorded aboveground historic
resources in or adjacent to the Project Area.
Results
The field crew excavated 32 shovel test pits, ranging from 45 to 80 cmbs (Figure 10).
These investigations identified one Isolated Find, a single secondary flake, made of
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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REFERENCES CITED
Bailey, Ralph
2000 Intensive Archaeological Survey of Selected Portions of the Charleston Naval
Weapons Station. Brockington and Associates. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.
Brooks, Mark J., and James D. Scurry
1978 An Interstate Archaeological Survey of Amoco Realty Property in Berkeley
County, South Carolina with a Test of Two Subsistence-Settlement Hypotheses for the
Prehistoric Period. Research Manuscript Series Number 147. South Carolina Institute
of Archaeology and Anthropology, Columbia.
Cable, John
1996 A Study of Archaeological Predictive Modeling in the Charleston Harbor
Watershed, South Carolina. Report prepared for the Office of Ocean and Coastal
Resource Management, Charleston, by New South Associates, Irmo, South Carolina.
Mills, Robert
1825 Charleston District, South Carolina surveyed by Charles Vignoles & Henry
Ravenel, 1820. Atlas of the State of South Carolina, Made Under the Authority of the
Legislature; Prefaced with a Geographical, Statistical and Historical Map of the
State. F. Lucas, Jr., Baltimore.
O’Donoughue, Jason
2008a Living in the Low Country: Modeling Archaeological Site Location in the
Francis Marion National Forest, South Carolina. Unpublished Masters Thesis,
Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Poplin, Eric
1993 Archaeological Literature Review and Intensive Architectural Survey, North Rhett
Avenue Improvement Corridor, North Charleston, South Carolina. Brockington and
Associates. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.
Scurry, James D.
2003 Integrating Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Modeling: Validating
Prehistoric Site-Settlement Models for the South Carolina Coastal Plain Using A
GIS. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Geography, University of South
Carolina, Columbia.
SCALE:SOURCE:SOURCE DATE:DATE:
FIGURE #
1TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF
THE PROJECT AREAHANAHAN SCHOOL SITES #1 AND #2
BERKELEY COUNTY, SCWWW.SMEINC.COM
SEE SCALE BARUSGS: Ladson Quad
1979NOVEMBER 2014
/*ALL BOUNDARIES DEPICTED ON THIS SKETCH ARE APPROXIMATE AND INTENDED FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.
0 150 300 450 60075Meters
S&ME JOB NO. 1413-14-160
DUPLIN
DUPLIN
WAHEE
CAROLINE
BETHERA
WAHEE
CAROLINE
BETHERADUPLIN
DUPLIN
DUPLIN
CAROLINE
WAHEE
SCALE:SOURCE:SOURCE DATE:DATE:
FIGURE #
2AERIAL VIEW AND SOILS MAP
HANAHAN SCHOOL SITES #1 AND #2BERKELEY COUNTY, SC WWW.SMEINC.COM
SEE SCALE BARESRI, USDA
2014NOVEMBER 2014
/*ALL BOUNDARIES DEPICTED ON THIS SKETCH ARE APPROXIMATE AND INTENDED FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.
0 110 220 330 44055Meters
S&ME JOB NO. 1413-14-160
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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Figure 3. View of field conditions in the western portion of the Project Area, facing north.
Figure 4. View of field conditions in the north central portion of the Project Area, facing north. This
photograph includes track, and furrows from past silvicultural activity.
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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Figure 5. One of the dirt paths, marked on the topographic map as a tertiary roadway. This image is
typical of the roadways during the time of the field investigation with approximately 30 percent of
the ground surface visible in these areas.
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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Figure 6. Results of the ArchSite review, conducted as part of the background information.
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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Figure 7. A portion of Mills’ Atlas (1825). The approximate location of the Project Area is
highlighted in red.
Figure 8. A portion of the 1916 Berkeley County Soils map, the approximate location of the Project
Area is highlighted in red.
SCALE:SOURCE:SOURCE DATE:DATE:
FIGURE #
9SITE PROBABILITY MODEL
HANAHAN SCHOOL SITES #1 AND #2BERKELEY COUNTY, SC WWW.SMEINC.COM
SEE SCALE BARESRI, USDA
2014NOVEMBER 2014
/*ALL BOUNDARIES DEPICTED ON THIS SKETCH ARE APPROXIMATE AND INTENDED FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.
0 120 240 360 48060Meters
S&ME JOB NO. 1413-14-160
LegendHIGH PROBABILITY AREAS PROJECT AREA
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SCALE:SOURCE:SOURCE DATE:DATE:
FIGURE #
10RESULTS OF THE
FIELD INVESTIGATIONHANAHAN SCHOOL SITES #1 AND #2
BERKELEY COUNTY, SCWWW.SMEINC.COM
SEE SCALE BARESRI, USDA
2014NOVEMBER 2014
/*ALL BOUNDARIES DEPICTED ON THIS SKETCH ARE APPROXIMATE AND INTENDED FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.
0 80 160 240 32040Meters
S&ME JOB NO. 1413-14-160
Legend!> POSITIVE SHOVEL TEST PITS! NEGATIVE SHOVEL TEST PITS
PROJECT AREA
Isolated Find
Deer Stand and Game Feeding Area
Utility Corridor
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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Figure 11. Isolated Artifact.
Historic and Archaeological Properties Survey S&ME Project No. 1413-14-160 Hanahan School Sites #1 and #2 November 13, 2014
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Figure 12. Drawing of a typical soil profile.