Post on 29-Feb-2020
Reducing energy use and
costs in irrigation systems.
José Mª Tarjuelo
Miguel A. MorenoBarcelona, April 2017
Technologies to apply• Tools and models for saving water, optimizing
economic water productivity and minimizing environmental impact (crop models, ICT, remote sensing,
models and tools for DSS…).
• Tools and models for improving irrigation infrastructure design and management as a whole (from water source to
the emitter), based on water and energy savings
• Actions to reduce energy consumption and/or cost (benchmarking, energy audits, renewable energy…)
• Crosscutting activities: – a) Irrigation Advisory Services
– b) Web-GIS platforms to transfer information and technology
– c) Network of leaders (farmers and technicians)
Castilla-La Mancha
Examples in Spain and Castilla-La Mancha
Spain: 3,8 Mha irrigated (19% cultivated land) (3,5 actual) . Contributes 65% of NAP(> 13,000 M€). Consume 80% of the water (68% used)
Productivity compared with rainfed: 6 times (4 times + income)
OVERVIEW OF ACTIONS TO MAKE IN PRESURIZED IRRIGATED AREAS
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
Energy auditsBenchmarking
MANAGEMENTOPERATION
FACILITIESIRRIGATION NETWORKSPUMPLING
IRRIGATION
IN PLOT
Sprinkler or
drip irrigation
DESIGN
Optimized rotation
schedule or
on-demand ??
•Layout
•Gated flow rate
•Q in lines
•Economic sizing
•Analysis
Energy rates
Models
ModelsModels
Renewable energy
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 3
IAS, ICT, DSS
Semi-Arid region
Overexploitation of aquifers
493 300 ha irrigated
4% Surface irrigation
22% permanent sprinkler irrigation
18% Centre pivot systems
56 % Drip irrigation
Castilla La Mancha AGROECOSYSTEM
Main Crops: cereals (barley,
wheat and maize),
vegetables (onion, garlic …) vineyard, olive tree, almond
80% Groundwater
Water scarcity
Expensive Energy
Precipitation
Evapotranspiration
GROUNDWATER
EXTRACTION.
Irrigation Water
Requirements …
Storage
Change
Percolation
RechargeWater
Quality
run-off
River-aquifer
interactionCrop classification
Water scarcityExpensive Energy
Overexploitation of aquifers
CRITICAL PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINS
• Low water availability for irrigation due to:
– high frequency of drought periods
– environmental constraints
– increased needs in priority uses.
• Overexploitation of groundwater resources.
• Risk of groundwater pollution (nitrates)
• High water price due to energy costs
• Limited economic water productivity at farm level
• Insufficient information and transfer to final users
about the use of existing technology for efficient
water and energy management
SOLUTIONS
• Increase irrigation water productivity using DSS tools, models, and devices for improvement of facilities design and water and energy management
• Which DSS tools and models?
Some actions
1. Use of Irrigation Advisory Services (IAS)
2. Design and management of irrigation systems
3. Analysis of water and energy use (energy audit
and Benchmarking)
4. Optimal cropping pattern determination
5. GIS tools for irrigated areas management
6. High and very-high resolution remote sensing
• Helping farmers to make efficient use of resources for production (water, energy, fertilizers, etc.)
• Advise on design and management of irrigation systems (technologies, crops,...)
• Diffusion of water requirements for the main crops and bases for irrigations scheduling. (Network of weather stations )
• Training of farmers. Help for decisions making (workingtogether with farmers)
• Transfer tools for water saving and proper cropping pattern selection at farm level (remote sensing, at different resolutions, for crop status determination together with DSS models and tools).
• Use Benchmarking techniques to evaluate the performance of irrigated areas
• Use the existing Web-GIS platform to perform information and technology transfer to final users in a feed-back process
1. Irrigation Advisory Service (IAS)
2. Design and management
of irrigation systems
www.arentio.com crea.uclm.es
TOOLS (developed in MATLABTM ) to aid in design and management of irrigated areas
A) For pressurized irrigation system design
– Design of sprinkler and drip irrigations sub-plots (PRESUD)
– Design of pressurized irrigation systems with minimum water application cost (from the water source to the emitter)
(DOPIR) and for center pivot (DOP and DEPIRE)
B) For pumping design
– Optimal borehole design (DOS),
– Optimal pumping stations design (DOEB).
C) For pumping stations analysis :
– Analysis of borehole (AS),
– Analysis of energy efficiency in pumping stations (MAEEB)
– Analysis of irrigation network (MAWE)
Web: crea.uclm.es
A) Tools for design of irrigation systems in plot
Autocad
QGIS
PRESUD tool for design of sub-plot with sprinkler and drip irrigation systems with minimum water application cost (investment + operation) (Carrion et al. 2013 and 2014); (Moreno et al. 2012 )
Discharge distribution in subunit
PRESUD
Optimal design of centre
pivot (DOP)
B1. Tools for pumping design
Determine the optimal shape of
the characteristics curves of the
pump and the pumping and
distribution pipes diameters to
minimize the total cost
(investment + operation) taking
into account the energy rate in
the different periods
Optimal design of boreholes (DOS) (Moreno et al 2010)
Optimal design of pumping stations (DOPEB)
• To determine the minimum total cost of the
pumping station (collective or individual
irrigation networks) through the optimization
of the shape of characteristic and efficiency
curves of the pumps and the number of
pumps and variable speed drivers to be used in the regulation.
B2. Tools for pumping design
C) Tools for analysis to improve energy efficiency
• 1. AS (Analysis of boreholes). Calculates the actual
pump efficiency from hydraulic and electrical measured
and simulate possible management improvement .(Moreno et al 2010)
• 2. MAEEB (Model for Analysis of Energy Efficiency in
pumping stations). Simulates the behavior of the pumping
stations and proposes the more energy efficient
regulation options, besides determining the optimum
regulation pressure head to minimize the energy cost of
pumping station. (Moreno et al 2007)
• 3. MAWE (Model of Analysis of Water and Energy)
Water and energy analysis in collective irrigation network
EXAMPLE OF BOREHOLES ANALYSIS (AS)
The Chozilla example
C1. ANALYSIS OF BOREHOLES (AS)
• Main problems observed:
• Significant increase of water lift.
• Leakage (breakage) of the impulsion pipe.
• Wear of impellers.
• Main proposals to improve:
• Replacing the pump.
• Replacing part of the impulsion pipe.
• Repair or modification of impellers.
C2. ANALYSIS OF PUMPING STATIONS
(MAEEB)
Parallel pump coupling for
maximum efficiency
Web-GIS platform, named MAWE, to perform an adequate management of large-scale irrigation networks, optimizing water and energy.
C3. ANAYISIS OF COLLECTIVE IRRIGATION NETWORKS
ENERGY AUDIT
Development of tools and measures
to improve the design and management of irrigation facilities
ENERGY AUDITSEnergy audit purpose :
1) Assessment of energy consumption
2) Propose and implement measures for energy
and cost savings, economically viable.
To do so is necessary to analyse:
a) The irrigation facilities
b) The management and organization of water
distribution
c) Have tools to propose improvement measures
and to adjust energy consumed to the energy
rate periods under contract.
ENERGY AUDITSA. Measures that produce energy and cost savings :
1. Improving equipment that consume energy
2. Improving facility design
3. Improving facility management
B. Measures that produce cost savings :
– Studying the energy rate periods adjusted to the required power and real consumption.
– Contracting only the power actually used during each period.
– Adjusting the facilities operation to the energy rate periods under contract.
CONCLUSIONS• The energy efficiency of WUA audited is high,
although it can be improved.
• The energy audits in WUA have detected operational problems, mainly in boreholes and pumping stations, and the need to improve the energy contract with the electricity company.
• The tools and methodologies developed permit the detection and analysis of problems and help in decision making for the proposed improvements.