Post on 06-Aug-2020
Reconciling Research with
Métis, Inuit and First Nations
Communities
Dr. Lynn Lavallée, Ryerson University
Dr. Janet Smylie, Centre for Research on Inner City Health, St. Michael’s Hospital and University of Toronto
Réal Carriere, PhD Candidate, Ryerson University
Katherine Minich, PhD Candidate, Ryerson University
Canadian Association of Research Ethics Boards
May 27th, 2016 Toronto, ON
Honouring the Traditional
Territory
Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nations
and the Toronto Purchase
Haudenosaunee
Huron-Wendat
Métis
INTRODUCTIONS
Lynn Lavallee
Janet Smylie
Real Carriere
Katherine Minich
Overview
Overview of Chapter 9 Articles – Lynn
Implementation of Chapter 9 and Lessons –
Réal
From Intention to Impact: Clearing the Pathway
to Social Value in Indigenous Research – Janet
Ethical tensions from Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit
(Inuit Traditional Knowledge perspective) -
Katherine
Relating back to research ethics review – Lynn
Questions/comments
Pre-Chapter 9
Community Responses – Pre-
Chapter 9
National Aboriginal Health Organization Ownership
Control
Access
Possession (Schnarch, 2004)
Five R’s from First Nations education + Respect
Reciprocity
Relationships
Responsibility (Kirness & Barnhardt, 2001)
Relevance (Lorilee McGregor)
Community Response www.naho.ca/documents/metiscentre/english/PrinciplesofEthicalMetisResearch-descriptive_001.pdf
Six Principles of Métis Research (NAHO)
Reciprocal relationships
Respect for individual and collective, autonomy,
identity, personal values, gender, confidentiality,
practice and protocols
Safe and inclusive environments
Recognize diversity within and between Métis
Relevant, benefit all, accurate, accountable,
responsible, acknowledge contribution, protect
Métis cultural knowledge
Métis context – history, values, knowledge, etc.
Research in the North/Inuit
Association for Canadian Universities for
Northern Studies (ACUNS). (2003). Ethical
Principles for Conduct of Research in the North.
Ottawa. www.acuns.ca/ethical.htm
Aurora Research Institute. (2009). Guide for
Research in the Northwest Territories.
http://wiki.nwtresearch.com/ResearchGuide.ashx
Nunavut Research Institute. (2006). Licensing
Process. Iqaluit. www.nri.nu.ca/lic_process.html
Tri Council Policy Statement 2010
www.pre.ethics.gc.ca
TCPS Chapter 9
Research Involving the Inuit, Métis and First
Nations Peoples of Canada
2014
22 Articles to help guide researchers and
research ethics boards in reviewing research
protocols
Application across universities and provinces
varies
TCPS Chapter 9
Defines who Aboriginal people are
Inuit, Métis and First Nations
Inherent political identity
Political identity as a determinant of health
Requirement of Community Engagement in
Aboriginal Research
On lands
Recruitment criteria including Aboriginal identity
Cultural heritage, artifacts, traditional knowledge
Interpretation of results will refer to
Aboriginal as a variable
Chapter 9
Demonstrating engagement
Research agreements (9.11)
Letter of approval
Token Indians/Advisories and such
Respect for Governing Authorities
Comples Authority Structures
Diverse Interests
Collaborative Research (9.12)
Respectful relationships
Participatory designs
Aboriginal Research
Ethics
Chapter 9: Implementation and Lessons
Réal Carriere
13
Agenda
Chapter 9 Implementation
Chapter 9 Assessment
Lessons for Researchers
14
Chapter 9 Implementation
How did I implement chapter 9?
Respectful Engagement
Community Research Agreements
Indigenous Research Protocol
Indigenous Knowledge Ownership
15
Chapter 9 Assessment
Chapter 9 vital to protect Indigenous
knowledge and ethical research.
More work needs to be done to promote
knowledge of ethics in Indigenous
communities.
So research outside of university also ethical
16
Lessons for Researchers
Chapter 9 is critical research framework, but still need
to…
Understand diversity of Indigenous people.
Diverse Indigenous nations, Diverse Indigenous
research protocols.
Work with communities to empower their research
processes.
The non-indigenous researchers that had done this
best have
Personally gone to communities.
Clearly explained the intentions of their research.
Asked for input of community.
And LISTENED to input.
17
Funding Acknowledgement
CIHR
Part of the Active Circle Research Project is
funded by grant #CIHR-AHI 120532 from the
Canadian Institutes for Health Research
(CIHR), Institute of Aboriginal Peoples’ Health
(IAPH), and Health Canada – First Nations
and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB)
AEC
Research Support to conduct interviews
Attend Conferences to present research
Tapwe Kichi 18
From Intention to Impact:
Clearing the Pathway to Social Value in
Indigenous Research
Janet Smylie MD FCFP MPH Director, Well Living House Action Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto;
Associate Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto
CIHR Applied Public Health Research Chair in Indigenous Health Knowledge and Information
The Well Living House is an action research centre that’s
focused on Indigenous infant, child and family health and
well-being. Our long term vision is that every Indigenous
infant will be born into a context that promotes health and
wellbeing – at the individual, family and community levels
21
WLH - SMH Governance
relationship Two accountability routes:
Counsel of Grandparents: Indigenous
communities
St. Michael’s Hospital (SMH)
Memorandum of understanding (MOU)
• acknowledge collaborative governance
• define equal partnership
• acknowledge principle of Indigenous collective
and self-determined research management and
governance
• detail the terms
Today’s Presentation
3 Cases involving Barriers and Bridges
Respecting Indigenous Intellectual
Property
Reconciling Voice in Academic
Publications
Examining the Ethical Alignment of
Existing Research Funding Policies
and Processes
Epistemic
Racism
Reconciliation
Case 1
Article 31: Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain,
control, protect and develop their cultural heritage,
traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions,
as well as the manifestations of their sciences,
technologies and cultures, including human and genetic
resources, seeds, medicines, knowledge of the properties
of fauna and flora, oral traditions, literatures, designs,
sports and traditional games and visual and performing
arts. They also have the right to maintain, control, protect
and develop their intellectual property over such cultural
heritage, traditional knowledge, and traditional cultural
expressions.
From the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Case 1
Intellectual Property
Hospital/University X shall own all intellectual property
arising under this Agreement and all work products
provided hereunder. Service Provider shall cause its
employees and agents to waive their moral rights and to
sign the Undertaking attached in Schedule B. Service
Provider shall execute such documentation as may be
required by Hospital/University X, including without
limitation, assignments.
Extracted From a boilerplate contract template
Case 2
Case 3
Today’s Presentation
3 Cases involving Barriers and Bridges
Respecting Indigenous Intellectual
Property
Reconciling Voice in Academic
Publications
Examining the Ethical Alignment of
Existing Research Funding Policies
and Processes
Ethical tensions Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (Inuit Traditional Knowledge) and science applied in Nunavut,
Canada
Katherine Minich
IN THE
BACKGROUND
acculturation policies
settlements
all day English
schooling
wage economy
relocations
residential school
missionaries
medical evacuation
depleting natural
resources
EXTERNAL
DEPENDENCY
Cross cultural research
Non-Indigenous
researchers
Conflicting knowledge
bases
Land claim organizations
Federal involvement
High cost
Existing high social needs
Demographic pressure
Early Inuit research
standards
COMMUNITY
BENEFIT
Match to IQ principles
political influence in
self-government
keeping animals and
the environment
healthy
Elders sharing
Community activities
(workshops)
Business opportunities
Where do we go from here?
Communities are developing their own
research ethics guidelines!
Where do we go from here?
We are here!
Infiltrate to Transformate the Colonial System
Questions?
Miigwetch
Tapwe Kichi
Thank you
Practical Suggestions for REBs
Ask the questions
Modify protocol forms
Engagement, research agreement,
dissemination, intellectual property, mutual
benefit, building capacity
Does the researcher/s know the community?
Political and cultural identity
Ontario – COO, independents, Métis, Native
Women’s (ONWA), Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
Build capacity in REB
How does your REB ensure this expertise?
Chapter 9
Community REBs
9.10 – Requirement to Advise on Plan for
Community Engagement
Where engagement is not being proposed
researchers shall provide a rationale
acceptable to the REB
REB member must understand the political
identity of specific communities
Mutual benefits (9.13)
Chapter 9
Capacity building and strengthen research
capacity (9.14)
Hire? Aboriginal people
Does your REB assess this?
Recognition of the role of Elders (9.15)
Provide ethical guidance
Paying honoraria – consultant fees!
Chapter 9
Interpretation and dissemination of research
results (9.17)
Disagreement accurately reported
Intellectual property (9.18)
Significant challenges
Ideologically different
Indigenous knowledge cannot be intellectual
property
REB reviewers look for this in the research
agreement!
Chapter 9
Biological materials and secondary use (9.19-
22)
Secondary use of information or bio materials
identifiable as originating from Aboriginal
peoples
Linking two or more anonymous datasets or
human bio material (avoid another Dr. Ward)